TEDGlobal 2009
Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule
Karen Armstrong: Oživimo Zlatno Pravilo
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Tjednima nakon pokretanja Povelje za sućut, Karen Armstrong promatra ulogu religije u 21. stoljeću: Hoće li nas dogme podijeliti? Ili će nas ujediniti za zajedničko dobro? Osvrće se na katalizatore koji mogu dovesti svjetske religije do ponovnog otkrivanja Zlatnog Pravila.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For years I've been feeling frustrated,
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Godinama se osjećam frustrirano
00:16
because as a religious historian,
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zato što sam kao povjesničar religije
00:19
I've become acutely aware
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postala iznimno svjesna
00:21
of the centrality of compassion
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usmjerenosti na sućut
00:24
in all the major world faiths.
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u svim velikim svjetskim religijama.
00:27
Every single one of them
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Svaka je razvila
00:29
has evolved their own version
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svoju verziju
00:31
of what's been called the Golden Rule.
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onoga što se zove Zlatno Pravilo.
00:34
Sometimes it comes in a positive version --
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Ponekad se javlja u pozitivnoj verziji –
00:37
"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."
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“Ponašaj se prema drugima kako bi htio da se oni ponašaju prema tebi.”
00:41
And equally important
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Jednako je važna
00:43
is the negative version --
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negativna verzija -
00:46
"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
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“Ne čini drugima ono što ne želiš da se tebi čini.”
00:51
Look into your own heart,
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Pogledaj u svoje srce.
00:53
discover what it is that gives you pain
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Otkrij što je to što ti nanosi bol.
00:56
and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,
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I onda odbij, bez obzira na okolnosti,
01:00
to inflict that pain on anybody else.
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nanijeti tu bol bilo kome drugome.
01:04
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,
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I ljudi su isticali važnost sućuti,
01:09
not just because it sounds good,
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ne samo zato što zvuči dobro,
01:11
but because it works.
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već zato što to funkcionira.
01:14
People have found that when they have
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Ljudi su otkrili da kada
01:17
implemented the Golden Rule
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se vodiš Zlatnim Pravilom
01:19
as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"
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kako je Konfucije rekao, “cijeli dan i svaki dan”,
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day
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ne samo da učiniš dobro djelo za taj dan
01:25
and then returning to a life of greed
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i onda se vratiš životu pohlepe
01:28
and egotism,
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i egoizma,
01:30
but to do it all day and every day,
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nego to činiš svaki dan, cijeli dan,
01:33
you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,
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tada mičeš sebe iz centra svog svijeta
01:37
put another there, and you transcend yourself.
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i stavljaš nekog drugog na to mjesto i time nadilaziš samog sebe.
01:40
And it brings you into the presence
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To te dovodi u prisutnost
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
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onoga što se zove Bog, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
01:47
Something that goes beyond
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Nešto što nadilazi
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound existence.
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ono što poznajemo u našem postojanju ograničenom egom.
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
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Ali često nećete ni primjetiti
01:56
that this was so central to the religious life.
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da je to tako ključno u religijskom životu.
01:59
Because with a few wonderful exceptions,
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Jer, uz nekoliko divnih iznimaka,
02:02
very often when religious people come together,
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kada se religiozni ljudi sastanu,
02:05
religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines
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kada se vjerski vođe sastanu, prepiru se oko nejasnih doktrina
02:11
or uttering a council of hatred
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ili promiču politiku mržnje
02:15
or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.
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ili osuđuju homoseksualnost ili nešto tomu slično.
02:20
Often people don't really want to be compassionate.
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Često ljudi ne žele zapravo biti suosjećajni.
02:22
I sometimes see
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Ponekad kada
02:24
when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people
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govorim skupini religioznih ljudi
02:27
a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces
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vidim buntovni izraz lica
02:30
because people often want to be right instead.
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jer ljudi često više žele biti u pravu.
02:34
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.
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I to, naravno, nadvlada smisao vježbe.
02:38
Now why was I so grateful to TED?
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Zašto sam bila tako zahvalna TED-u?
02:42
Because they took me very gently
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Zato što me je nježno odveo
02:48
from my book-lined study
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od mog knjiškog nauka
02:51
and brought me into the 21st century,
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i doveo u 21. stoljeće,
02:53
enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience
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omogućivši mi da govorim mnogo, mnogo široj publici
02:57
than I could have ever conceived.
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nego što bih ikad mogla zamisliti.
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
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Zato što osjećam hitnost ovoga.
03:02
If we don't manage to implement
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Ako ne uspijemo provesti
03:05
the Golden Rule globally,
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Zlatno Pravilo na globalnoj razini,
03:09
so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,
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tako da se odnosimo prema svim ljudima, bez obzira odakle su i tko su,
03:13
as though they were as important as ourselves,
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kao da su oni važni kao mi sami,
03:16
I doubt that we'll have
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sumnjam da ćemo imati
03:18
a viable world to hand on to the next generation.
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vjerodostojan svijet koji ćemo predati sljedećoj generaciji.
03:21
The task of our time,
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Zadatak je našeg vremena,
03:23
one of the great tasks of our time,
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jedan od velikih zadataka našeg vremena,
03:26
is to build a global society, as I said,
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izgraditi globalno društvo, kao što sam rekla,
03:28
where people can live together in peace.
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u kojemu će ljudi živjeti u miru.
03:31
And the religions that should be making a major contribution
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I religije, koje bi trebale činiti velik doprinos,
03:35
are instead seen as part of the problem.
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promatraju se kao dio problema.
03:39
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.
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I, naravno, ne vjeruju samo religiozni ljudi u Zlatno Pravilo.
03:45
This is the source of all morality,
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Ono je izvor sveg morala,
03:48
this imaginative act of empathy,
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tog maštovitog čina empatije
03:51
putting yourself in the place of another.
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u kojem sebe stavljaš na mjesto drugoga.
03:54
And so we have a choice, it seems to me.
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Čini mi se da imamo izbor.
03:58
We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing
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Ili možemo iznositi, ili naglašavati
04:03
the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,
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dogmatične i netolerantne aspekte naših vjera,
04:07
or we can go back to
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ili se možemo vratiti
04:11
the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,
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do rabina, Rabina Hillela, starijeg suvremenika Isusa Krista,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan
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koji je, kada ga je poganin
04:19
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,
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pitao da sažme svo židovsko učenje dok stoji na jednoj nozi,
04:24
said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.
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rekao: „Ono što ti je mrsko, nemoj činiti svom bližnjemu.
04:28
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."
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To je Torah i sve ostalo je samo komentar.“
04:33
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that
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Rabini i prvi crkveni oci rekli su da je
04:37
any interpretation of scripture
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svako tumačenje zapisa
04:40
that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.
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koje goji mržnju i prijezir nezakonito.
04:44
And we need to revive that spirit.
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Moramo oživjeti taj duh.
04:47
And it's not just going to happen
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I to se neće dogoditi
04:49
because a spirit of love wafts us down.
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samo zato što nas ponese duh ljubavi.
04:52
We have to make this happen,
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Moramo učiniti da se to dogodi,
04:54
and we can do it
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i možemo to učiniti
04:56
with the modern communications
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suvremenom komunikacijom
04:58
that TED has introduced.
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koju je TED uveo.
05:00
Already I've been tremendously heartened
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Već sam iznimno ohrabrena
05:03
at the response of all our partners.
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odgovorom svih naših partnera.
05:06
In Singapore, we have a group
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U Singapuru imamo grupu
05:10
going to use the Charter to heal divisions
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koja će koristiti Povelju da izliječi podjele
05:14
recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,
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koje su nedavno nastale u singapurskom društvu
05:18
and some members of the parliament want
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i koje neki članovi parlamenta žele
05:21
to implement it politically.
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zakonski učvrstiti.
05:24
In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition
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U Maleziji će biti izložba umjetnina
05:28
in which leading artists are going to be
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u kojoj će renomirani umjetnici
05:31
taking people, young people,
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voditi ljude, mlade ljude
05:35
and showing them that compassion also lies
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i pokazati im da sućut također leži
05:37
at the root of all art.
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u srži sve umjetnosti.
05:40
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities
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Širom Europe, muslimanske zajednice
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are holding events and discussions,
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imaju događanja i rasprave
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are discussing the centrality of compassion
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na kojima raspravljaju o središnjoj ulozi suosjećanja
05:50
in Islam and in all faiths.
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u Islamu i ostalim religijama.
05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.
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Ali to ne smije stati na tome. Ne smije stati na polazištu.
05:55
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,
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Vjerska učenja, tu smo tako silno pogriješili,
05:58
concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.
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samo se usredotočavaju na vjeru u nejasne doktrine.
06:02
Religious teaching must always lead to action.
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Vjersko učenje uvijek mora voditi do djelovanja.
06:07
And I intend to work on this till my dying day.
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I namjeravam na tome raditi do smrti.
06:11
And I want to continue with our partners
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I želim nastaviti s našim partnerima
06:16
to do two things --
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činiti dvije stvari –
06:18
educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.
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educirati i stimulirati suosjećajno razmišljanje.
06:25
Education because we've so
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Edukacija jer smo jako
06:28
dropped out of compassion.
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zaboravili biti suosjećajni.
06:30
People often think it simply means
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Ljudi misle da to jednostavno znači
06:32
feeling sorry for somebody.
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osjećati tugu zbog nekoga.
06:34
But of course you don't understand compassion
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Ali naravno da ne razumiješ suosjećanje
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
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ako samo razmišljaš o tome.
06:39
You also have to do it.
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Moraš to i učiniti.
06:41
I want them to get the media involved
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Želim da uključe i medije
06:44
because the media are crucial
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jer su mediji nužni za razbijanje
06:46
in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views
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nekih stereotipnih viđenja
06:49
we have of other people,
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koje imamo o drugim ljudima
06:51
which are dividing us from one another.
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i koji nas odvajaju jedne od drugih.
06:53
The same applies to educators.
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Isto vrijedi i za učitelje.
06:56
I'd like youth to get a sense of
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Voljela bih da mladi dobiju osjećaj
07:00
the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge
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dinamike i izazova
07:04
of a compassionate lifestyle.
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suosjećajnog životnog stila.
07:06
And also see that it demands acute intelligence,
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I da vide da to zahjeva britku inteligenciju,
07:09
not just a gooey feeling.
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ne samo sladunjav osjećaj.
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore
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Voljela bih pozvati učenjake da istraže
07:15
the compassionate theme
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temu suosjećajnosti
07:17
in their own and in other people's traditions.
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u svojoj i u tradiciji drugih naroda.
07:21
And perhaps above all,
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I možda iznad svega,
07:23
to encourage a sensitivity about
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želim potaknuti osjetljivost
07:27
uncompassionate speaking,
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na bezosjećajno govorenje.
07:29
so that because people have this Charter,
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Da se zbog toga što imaju ovu Povelju,
07:32
whatever their beliefs or lack of them,
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bez obzira na njihova uvjerenja
07:36
they feel empowered
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ili njihov manjak,
07:38
to challenge uncompassionate speech,
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osjećaju ovlašteno prigovoriti bezosjećajnom govoru,
07:42
disdainful remarks
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oholim primjedbama
07:44
from their religious leaders, their political leaders,
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njihovih vjerskih vođa, političkih vođa,
07:47
from the captains of industry.
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vođa industrije.
07:49
Because we can change the world,
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Zato što možemo promijeniti svijet.
07:51
we have the ability.
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Imamo tu sposobnost.
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.
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Nikad se ne bih sjetila staviti Povelju na internet.
07:57
I was still stuck in the old world
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Još sam bila zapela u starom svijetu
07:59
of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room
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u kojem je hrpa učenjaka sjedila zajedno u sobi
08:02
and issuing yet another arcane statement.
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i raspravljala o još jednoj tajnoj izjavi.
08:05
And TED introduced me to a whole new way
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I TED me upoznao sa cijelim novim načinom
08:08
of thinking and presenting ideas.
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razmišljanja i prezentiranja ideja.
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.
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To je to što je tako izvrsno u TED-u.
08:13
In this room, all this expertise,
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U ovoj prostoriji, svo ovo znanje,
08:18
if we joined it all together,
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ako bismo to sve ujedinili,
08:20
we could change the world.
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mogli bismo promijeniti svijet.
08:22
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.
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I naravno, problem se ponekad čini nesavladivim.
08:27
But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end
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Samo bih htjela citirati, završiti
08:30
with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author
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s pozivom na britanskog autora, oxfordskog autora
08:34
whom I don't quote very often,
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kojega ne citiram često,
08:36
C.S. Lewis.
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C. S. Lewis.
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind
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Napisao je nešto što mi je ostalo u mislima
08:40
ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.
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otkad sam to pročitala kao školarka.
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
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To je iz njegove knjige “Četiri ljubavi.”
08:46
He said that he distinguished between erotic love,
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Kaže da je raspoznao erotičnu ljubav,
08:50
when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.
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kada si dvoje ljudi međusobno gledaju u oči kao pod čarolijom.
08:56
And then he compared that to friendship,
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Zatim je to usporedio s prijateljstvom.
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
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Kada dvoje ljudi stoje jedno kraj drugoga, rame do ramena,
09:03
with their eyes fixed on a common goal.
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s pogledima usmjerenim na zajednički cilj.
09:07
We don't have to fall in love with each other,
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Ne moramo se zaljubiti jedni u druge,
09:12
but we can become friends.
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ali možemo postati prijatelji.
09:15
And I am convinced.
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Uvjerena sam.
09:17
I felt it very strongly
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Osjetila sam to vrlo snažno
09:20
during our little deliberations at Vevey,
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tijekom našeg malog razmatranja u Veveyu,
09:24
that when people of all different persuasions
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da, kada se ljudi različitih uvjerenja ujedine,
09:28
come together, working side by side
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kada rade rame uz rame
09:32
for a common goal,
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na zajedničkom cilju,
09:34
differences melt away.
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da se razlike gube.
09:36
And we learn amity.
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I učimo se prijateljstvu.
09:38
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.
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I učimo se živjeti zajedno i upoznati jedni druge.
09:43
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
09:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com