TEDGlobal 2009
Karen Armstrong: Let's revive the Golden Rule
Karen Armstrong: Ayuh hidupkan semula Aturan Emas
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
917,927 views
Beberapa minggu sebelum pelancaran Piagam untuk Ihsan, Karen Armstrong membicarakan mengenai peranan agama dalam abad ke-21. Adakah dogma-dogmanya akan memecah-belahkan kita? Atau adakah ia akan menyatu-padukan kita ke arah satu matlamat? Beliau mengkaji semula pemangkin-pemangkin yang boleh memacu agama-agama dunia untuk menemukan semula Aturan Emas.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For years I've been feeling frustrated,
0
0
4000
Sudah bertahun-tahun saya berasa jengkel
00:16
because as a religious historian,
1
4000
3000
kerana sebagai seorang sejarawan agama,
00:19
I've become acutely aware
2
7000
2000
Saya amat sedar
00:21
of the centrality of compassion
3
9000
3000
mengenai pemusatan sifat ihsan
00:24
in all the major world faiths.
4
12000
3000
dalam semua agama dunia yang utama.
00:27
Every single one of them
5
15000
2000
Setiap satu daripadanya
00:29
has evolved their own version
6
17000
2000
telah mengembangkan versi mereka yang tersendiri
00:31
of what's been called the Golden Rule.
7
19000
3000
apa yang dipanggil sebagai Aturan Emas.
00:34
Sometimes it comes in a positive version --
8
22000
3000
Ada kalanya ia dalam versi yang positif --
00:37
"Always treat all others as you'd like to be treated yourself."
9
25000
4000
"Lakukan kepada orang lain sepertimana anda mahu diperlakukan".
00:41
And equally important
10
29000
2000
Dan yang sama pentingnya
00:43
is the negative version --
11
31000
3000
ialah versi yang negatif --
00:46
"Don't do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
12
34000
5000
"Jangan lakukan kepada orang lain apa yang anda tidak mahu dilakukan kepada anda".
00:51
Look into your own heart,
13
39000
2000
Bertanyalah kepada hati anda sendiri.
00:53
discover what it is that gives you pain
14
41000
3000
Carilah apa yang membuat anda rasa terseksa.
00:56
and then refuse, under any circumstance whatsoever,
15
44000
4000
Dan selepas itu jauhi, dalam sebarang keadaan sekalipun
01:00
to inflict that pain on anybody else.
16
48000
4000
daripada melakukan perkara yang menyakitkan itu terhadap orang lain.
01:04
And people have emphasized the importance of compassion,
17
52000
5000
Dan orang ramai telah menekankan kepentingan sifat ihsan,
01:09
not just because it sounds good,
18
57000
2000
bukan hanya kerana ia sedap didengar
01:11
but because it works.
19
59000
3000
tetapi kerana ia berkesan.
01:14
People have found that when they have
20
62000
3000
Orang mendapati bahawa jika mereka sudah
01:17
implemented the Golden Rule
21
65000
2000
melaksanakan Aturan Emas itu
01:19
as Confucius said, "all day and every day,"
22
67000
4000
seperti kata Confucius, "sepanjang hari dan setiap hari,"
01:23
not just a question of doing your good deed for the day
23
71000
2000
bukannya soal melakukan amal untuk hari itu sahaja
01:25
and then returning to a life of greed
24
73000
3000
dan kemudian kembali kepada kehidupan yang rakus
01:28
and egotism,
25
76000
2000
dan keegoan,
01:30
but to do it all day and every day,
26
78000
3000
tetapi untuk melakukannya sepanjang hari dan setiap hari,
01:33
you dethrone yourself from the center of your world,
27
81000
4000
anda melucutkan diri anda dari dunia anda sendiri,
01:37
put another there, and you transcend yourself.
28
85000
3000
anda melakukannya lagi, dan anda dapat mengatasi diri anda sendiri.
01:40
And it brings you into the presence
29
88000
3000
Dan ia membawa anda kepada suatu kewujudan
01:43
of what's been called God, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
30
91000
4000
yang dipanggil Tuhan, Nirvana, Rama, Tao.
01:47
Something that goes beyond
31
95000
2000
Sesuatu yang melangkaui
01:49
what we know in our ego-bound existence.
32
97000
5000
apa yang kita ketahui dalam alam kita yang penuh keegoaan.
01:54
But you know you'd never know it a lot of the time,
33
102000
2000
Tetapi anda tahu anda tidak akan mengetahuinya setiap masa,
01:56
that this was so central to the religious life.
34
104000
3000
bahawa ia sungguh penting dalam kehidupan beragama.
01:59
Because with a few wonderful exceptions,
35
107000
3000
Kecuali bagi beberapa keadaan yang menarik,
02:02
very often when religious people come together,
36
110000
3000
seringkali apabila orang-orang agama berkumpul,
02:05
religious leaders come together, they're arguing about abstruse doctrines
37
113000
6000
pemimpin agama berkumpul dan memperdebatkan doktrin yang sukar difahami
02:11
or uttering a council of hatred
38
119000
4000
atau menimbulkan kumpulan yang saling membenci
02:15
or inveighing against homosexuality or something of that sort.
39
123000
5000
atau mengecam terhadap homoseksualiti atau yang seumpama itu.
02:20
Often people don't really want to be compassionate.
40
128000
2000
Lazimnya, orang tidak mahu bersifat ihsan.
02:22
I sometimes see
41
130000
2000
Saya kadangkala melihat
02:24
when I'm speaking to a congregation of religious people
42
132000
3000
apabila saya bercakap di hadapan golongan orang agama
02:27
a sort of mutinous expression crossing their faces
43
135000
3000
kelihatan mimik muka yang membantah di wajah mereka
02:30
because people often want to be right instead.
44
138000
4000
sebab selalunya orang mahu rasa dirinya betul.
02:34
And that of course defeats the object of the exercise.
45
142000
4000
Dan itu sudah tentu menafikan matlamat latihan itu.
02:38
Now why was I so grateful to TED?
46
146000
4000
Mengapa saya berterima kasih kepada TED?
02:42
Because they took me very gently
47
150000
6000
Sebab mereka melibatkan saya secara beransur-ansur
02:48
from my book-lined study
48
156000
3000
daripada kajian saya yang berasaskan buku-buku
02:51
and brought me into the 21st century,
49
159000
2000
dan membawa saya ke Abad Dua Puluh Satu
02:53
enabling me to speak to a much, much wider audience
50
161000
4000
membolehkan saya bercakap kepada pendengar yang lebih luas lagi
02:57
than I could have ever conceived.
51
165000
2000
lebih daripada apa yang saya boleh bayangkan.
02:59
Because I feel an urgency about this.
52
167000
3000
Sebab saya rasa hal ini memerlukan satu tindakan segera.
03:02
If we don't manage to implement
53
170000
3000
Jika kita tidak mampu untuk melaksanakan
03:05
the Golden Rule globally,
54
173000
4000
Aturan Emas itu secara sejagat,
03:09
so that we treat all peoples, wherever and whoever they may be,
55
177000
4000
supaya kita melayani semua orang, tidak kira di mana dan siapa mereka,
03:13
as though they were as important as ourselves,
56
181000
3000
seolah-olah mereka sama penting seperti kita,
03:16
I doubt that we'll have
57
184000
2000
Saya sangsi bahawa kita akan mempunyai
03:18
a viable world to hand on to the next generation.
58
186000
3000
sebuah dunia yang berdaya maju untuk diserahkan kepada generasi akan datang.
03:21
The task of our time,
59
189000
2000
Satu tugas untuk zaman kita,
03:23
one of the great tasks of our time,
60
191000
3000
salah satu tugas utama dalam zaman kita,
03:26
is to build a global society, as I said,
61
194000
2000
ialah untuk membina sebuah masyarakat sejagat, seperti saya katakan,
03:28
where people can live together in peace.
62
196000
3000
di mana orang ramai boleh tinggal bersama secara damai.
03:31
And the religions that should be making a major contribution
63
199000
4000
Dan pelbagai agama, sepatutnya membuat sumbangan yang besar
03:35
are instead seen as part of the problem.
64
203000
4000
tetapi sebaliknya dilihat sebagai sebahagian daripada masalah.
03:39
And of course it's not just religious people who believe in the Golden Rule.
65
207000
6000
Dan sudah tentu bukan sahaja orang agama yang percaya kepada Aturan Emas itu.
03:45
This is the source of all morality,
66
213000
3000
Ini adalah sumber bagi semua prinsip moral,
03:48
this imaginative act of empathy,
67
216000
3000
sikap empati yang dibayangkan ini,
03:51
putting yourself in the place of another.
68
219000
3000
meletakkan diri anda di dalam keadaan orang lain,
03:54
And so we have a choice, it seems to me.
69
222000
4000
Saya beranggapan, kita mempunyai pilihan.
03:58
We can either go on bringing out or emphasizing
70
226000
5000
Sama ada kita terus menyebarkan atau menekankan
04:03
the dogmatic and intolerant aspects of our faith,
71
231000
4000
aspek dogmatik atau tidak bertoleransi mengenai kepercayaan kita,
04:07
or we can go back to
72
235000
4000
atau kita boleh kembali ke
04:11
the rabbis. Rabbi Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus,
73
239000
5000
rabai, Rabbai Hillel, orang yang lebih tua hidup sezaman dengan Jesus,
04:16
who, when asked by a pagan
74
244000
3000
yang apabila ditanya oleh seorang jahil
04:19
to sum up the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg,
75
247000
5000
untuk merumuskan seluruh ajaran Yahudi tatkala dia sedang berdiri pada satu kaki,
04:24
said, "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor.
76
252000
4000
dia berkata, "Apa yang kamu benci, jangan lakukannya kepada jiran kamu.
04:28
That is the Torah and everything else is only commentary."
77
256000
5000
Itulah Taurat dan segala yang lain hanyalah ulasan."
04:33
And the rabbis and the early fathers of the church who said that
78
261000
4000
Dan rabai dan paderi gereja yang awal yang berkata
04:37
any interpretation of scripture
79
265000
3000
sebarang tafsiran kitab
04:40
that bred hatred and disdain was illegitimate.
80
268000
4000
yang menggalakkan kebencian dan penghinaan adalah haram.
04:44
And we need to revive that spirit.
81
272000
3000
Dan kita perlu menghidupkan semula semangat itu.
04:47
And it's not just going to happen
82
275000
2000
Dan ia tidak akan berlaku begitu sahaja
04:49
because a spirit of love wafts us down.
83
277000
3000
kerana semangat kasih sayang menghambatnya
04:52
We have to make this happen,
84
280000
2000
Kita mesti merealisasikannya,
04:54
and we can do it
85
282000
2000
dan kita boleh melakukannya,
04:56
with the modern communications
86
284000
2000
dengan komunikasi moden
04:58
that TED has introduced.
87
286000
2000
yang telah diperkenalkan oleh TED.
05:00
Already I've been tremendously heartened
88
288000
3000
Saya berasa sangat teruja
05:03
at the response of all our partners.
89
291000
3000
dengan respons daripada semua rakan kita.
05:06
In Singapore, we have a group
90
294000
4000
Di Singapura kita ada satu kumpulan
05:10
going to use the Charter to heal divisions
91
298000
4000
yang akan menggunakan piagam itu untuk memulihkan perpecahan
05:14
recently that have sprung up in Singaporean society,
92
302000
4000
yang baru-baru ini berlaku dalam masyarakat Singapura.
05:18
and some members of the parliament want
93
306000
3000
dan beberapa anggota Parlimen mahu
05:21
to implement it politically.
94
309000
3000
ia dilaksanakan secara politik.
05:24
In Malaysia, there is going to be an art exhibition
95
312000
4000
Di Malaysia, sebuah pameran seni akan diadakan
05:28
in which leading artists are going to be
96
316000
3000
di mana para pelukis terkemuka akan
05:31
taking people, young people,
97
319000
4000
melibatkan orang ramai, orang muda,
05:35
and showing them that compassion also lies
98
323000
2000
dan menunjukkan bahawa sifat ihsan juga ada
05:37
at the root of all art.
99
325000
3000
di akar umbi semua karya seni.
05:40
Throughout Europe, the Muslim communities
100
328000
4000
Di seluruh Eropah, masyarakat Islam
05:44
are holding events and discussions,
101
332000
3000
sedang menganjurkan acara dan perbincangan
05:47
are discussing the centrality of compassion
102
335000
3000
membincangkan agenda pokok sifat ihsan
05:50
in Islam and in all faiths.
103
338000
2000
dalam Islam dan agama-agama yang lain.
05:52
But it can't stop there. It can't stop with the launch.
104
340000
3000
Tetapi ia tidak boleh berhenti di situ. Ia tidak boleh sekadar melancarkannya sahaja.
05:55
Religious teaching, this is where we've gone so wrong,
105
343000
3000
Pengajaran agama, di sinilah yang kita sudah tersasar,
05:58
concentrating solely on believing abstruse doctrines.
106
346000
4000
hanya menumpukan kepada kepercayaan yang sukar difahami.
06:02
Religious teaching must always lead to action.
107
350000
5000
Pengajaran agama mesti sentiasa mendorong ke arah amalan.
06:07
And I intend to work on this till my dying day.
108
355000
4000
Dan saya berniat untuk mengusahakan hal ini sehingga akhir hayat.
06:11
And I want to continue with our partners
109
359000
5000
Dan saya mahu terus bekerjasama dengan rakan-rakan kita
06:16
to do two things --
110
364000
2000
untuk melakukan dua perkara --
06:18
educate and stimulate compassionate thinking.
111
366000
7000
mendidik dan merangsang pemikiran ihsan.
06:25
Education because we've so
112
373000
3000
Pendidikan kerana kita sudah sungguh
06:28
dropped out of compassion.
113
376000
2000
jauh daripada sifat ihsan.
06:30
People often think it simply means
114
378000
2000
Orang ramai selalu menganggap ia bermakna
06:32
feeling sorry for somebody.
115
380000
2000
bersimpati terhadap seseorang.
06:34
But of course you don't understand compassion
116
382000
3000
Sudah tentu anda tidak faham erti ihsan
06:37
if you're just going to think about it.
117
385000
2000
jika anda hanya mahu memikirkannya sahaja.
06:39
You also have to do it.
118
387000
2000
Anda mesti mengamalkannya.
06:41
I want them to get the media involved
119
389000
3000
Saya mahu mereka melibatkan media
06:44
because the media are crucial
120
392000
2000
kerana media adalah penting
06:46
in helping to dissolve some of the stereotypical views
121
394000
3000
dalam membantu menghapuskan pandangan yang stereotaip
06:49
we have of other people,
122
397000
2000
kita terhadap orang lain.
06:51
which are dividing us from one another.
123
399000
2000
yang memecah-belahkan sesama kita.
06:53
The same applies to educators.
124
401000
3000
Begitu juga dengan para pendidik,
06:56
I'd like youth to get a sense of
125
404000
4000
Saya mahu belia-belia memahami
07:00
the dynamism, the dynamic and challenge
126
408000
4000
dinamisme, kedinamikan serta cabaran
07:04
of a compassionate lifestyle.
127
412000
2000
gaya hidup ihsan.
07:06
And also see that it demands acute intelligence,
128
414000
3000
Dan juga memahami ia memerlukan kecerdikan yang tajam,
07:09
not just a gooey feeling.
129
417000
3000
bukan sekadar rasa keasyik-asyikan.
07:12
I'd like to call upon scholars to explore
130
420000
3000
Saya menyeru kepada para cendekiawan untuk meneroka
07:15
the compassionate theme
131
423000
2000
tema ihsan itu
07:17
in their own and in other people's traditions.
132
425000
4000
dalam tradisi mereka sendiri dan tradisi kaum lain.
07:21
And perhaps above all,
133
429000
2000
Dan mungkin yang terpenting sekali,
07:23
to encourage a sensitivity about
134
431000
4000
untuk mendorong kepekaan mengenai
07:27
uncompassionate speaking,
135
435000
2000
pembicaraan yang tidak ihsan.
07:29
so that because people have this Charter,
136
437000
3000
Oleh kerana mereka mempunyai piagam ini,
07:32
whatever their beliefs or lack of them,
137
440000
4000
apa sahaja kepercayaan mereka atau tidak,
07:36
they feel empowered
138
444000
2000
mereka rasa diperkasa
07:38
to challenge uncompassionate speech,
139
446000
4000
untuk mencabar pembicaraan yang tidak ihsan itu,
07:42
disdainful remarks
140
450000
2000
teguran yang menghina
07:44
from their religious leaders, their political leaders,
141
452000
3000
daripada pemimpin agama mereka, pemimpin politik mereka,
07:47
from the captains of industry.
142
455000
2000
daripada para peneraju industri.
07:49
Because we can change the world,
143
457000
2000
Kerana kita boleh mengubah dunia,
07:51
we have the ability.
144
459000
3000
kita mempunyai keupayaan.
07:54
I would never have thought of putting the Charter online.
145
462000
3000
Saya tidak pernah terfikir untuk menyebarkan piagam itu dalam talian.
07:57
I was still stuck in the old world
146
465000
2000
Saya terperangkap dalam dunia lama
07:59
of a whole bunch of boffins sitting together in a room
147
467000
3000
di kalangan sekumpulan pakar yang berkumpul di sebuah bilik
08:02
and issuing yet another arcane statement.
148
470000
3000
dan mengeluarkan satu lagi kenyataan yang sukar difahami.
08:05
And TED introduced me to a whole new way
149
473000
3000
Dan TED memperkenalkan saya satu cara yang baru
08:08
of thinking and presenting ideas.
150
476000
2000
untuk berfikir dan menyampaikan idea.
08:10
Because that is what is so wonderful about TED.
151
478000
3000
Itulah yang mengagumkan mengenai TED.
08:13
In this room, all this expertise,
152
481000
5000
Di dalam bilik ini, dengan semua kepakaran ini,
08:18
if we joined it all together,
153
486000
2000
jika kita gabungkan kesemuanya
08:20
we could change the world.
154
488000
2000
kita mampu mengubah dunia.
08:22
And of course the problems sometimes seem insuperable.
155
490000
5000
Dan sudah tentu masalah itu ada kalanya kelihatan sukar diatasi.
08:27
But I'd just like to quote, finish at the end
156
495000
3000
Tetapi saya mahu memetik
08:30
with a reference to a British author, an Oxford author
157
498000
4000
merujuk kepada seorang pengarang British, seorang pengarang Oxford
08:34
whom I don't quote very often,
158
502000
2000
yang jarang saya memetiknya,
08:36
C.S. Lewis.
159
504000
2000
C.S. Lewis
08:38
But he wrote one thing that stuck in my mind
160
506000
2000
Dia menulis sesuatu yang kekal dalam fikiran saya
08:40
ever since I read it when I was a schoolgirl.
161
508000
3000
sejak saya membacanya semasa di bangku sekolah dahulu
08:43
It's in his book "The Four Loves."
162
511000
3000
Ia ada di dalam bukunya bertajuk The Four Loves.
08:46
He said that he distinguished between erotic love,
163
514000
4000
Dia berkata, dia membezakan di antara cinta berahi,
08:50
when two people gaze, spellbound, into each other's eyes.
164
518000
6000
apabila dua orang bertatapan mata, terpesona.
08:56
And then he compared that to friendship,
165
524000
3000
Dan dia membandingkannya dengan cinta persahabatan.
08:59
when two people stand side by side, as it were, shoulder to shoulder,
166
527000
4000
Apabila dua orang berdiri sebelah-menyebelah, bersendel bahu,
09:03
with their eyes fixed on a common goal.
167
531000
4000
dengan memandang ke arah satu matlamat yang sama.
09:07
We don't have to fall in love with each other,
168
535000
5000
Kita tidak perlu saling jatuh cinta,
09:12
but we can become friends.
169
540000
3000
tetapi kita boleh menjadi sahabat.
09:15
And I am convinced.
170
543000
2000
Dan saya yakin.
09:17
I felt it very strongly
171
545000
3000
Rasa hati saya sangat kuat
09:20
during our little deliberations at Vevey,
172
548000
4000
semasa perbincangan ringkas kami di Vevey,
09:24
that when people of all different persuasions
173
552000
4000
bahawa apabila orang daripada pelbagai kepercayaan
09:28
come together, working side by side
174
556000
4000
bergabung tenaga, berganding bahu
09:32
for a common goal,
175
560000
2000
untuk satu matlamat,
09:34
differences melt away.
176
562000
2000
perbezaan akan pudar.
09:36
And we learn amity.
177
564000
2000
Dan kita belajar untuk berbaik-baik.
09:38
And we learn to live together and to get to know one another.
178
566000
5000
Dan kita belajar hidup bersama dan saling berkenal-kenalan
09:43
Thank you very much.
179
571000
2000
Terima kasih banyak.
09:45
(Applause)
180
573000
1000
(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com