TED2009
Sylvia Earle: My wish: Protect our oceans
O desexo de Sylvia Earle, Premio TED, é protexer os nosos océanos.
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
2,939,691 views
A lendaria oceanógrafa Sylvia Earle comparte imaxes sorprendentes do océano - e estatísticas chocantes sobre o seu rápido declive - e formula o seu desexo do Premio TED: que vos unades a ela para protexer o vital corazón azul do planeta.
Sylvia Earle - Oceanographer
Sylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans. Full bio
Sylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago, when I began exploring the ocean,
0
0
3000
Hai 50 anos, cando comecei a explorar o océano,
00:24
no one -- not Jacques Perrin, not Jacques Cousteau or Rachel Carson --
1
3000
6000
ninguén - nin Jacques Perrin, nin Jacques Cousteau ou Rachel Carson --
00:30
imagined that we could do anything to harm the ocean
2
9000
3000
imaxinaba que poderíamos prexudicar os océanos
00:33
by what we put into it or by what we took out of it.
3
12000
3000
debido ao que poñemos ou sacamos deles.
00:36
It seemed, at that time, to be a sea of Eden,
4
15000
3000
Naquel tempo, parecía ser o mar do Edén,
00:39
but now we know, and now we are facing paradise lost.
5
18000
6000
mais hoxe sabemos, que estamos ante o paraíso perdido.
00:45
I want to share with you
6
24000
3000
Eu quero compartir
00:48
my personal view of changes in the sea that affect all of us,
7
27000
3000
a visión persoal dos cambios nos mares que nos afectan a todos
00:51
and to consider why it matters that in 50 years, we've lost --
8
30000
4000
e lembrar a importancia do que perdemos en 50 anos
00:55
actually, we've taken, we've eaten --
9
34000
3000
--na verdade, collémolo, comémolo--
00:58
more than 90 percent of the big fish in the sea;
10
37000
3000
máis do 90% dos peixes grandes que existían
01:01
why you should care that nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared;
11
40000
4000
por qué nos debe importar que desaparecera a metade dos arrecifes de coral
01:05
why a mysterious depletion of oxygen in large areas of the Pacific
12
44000
6000
por qué a misteriosa falta de osíxeno en grandes áreas do Pacífico
01:11
should concern not only the creatures that are dying,
13
50000
3000
debe preocupar non só ás criaturas que están a morrer,
01:14
but it really should concern you.
14
53000
3000
senón que debería preocuparnos a nós tamén.
01:17
It does concern you, as well.
15
56000
2000
Tamén vos incumbe.
01:19
I'm haunted by the thought of what Ray Anderson calls "tomorrow's child,"
16
58000
5000
Dáme medo a idea do "Neno do Futuro" de Ray Anderson,
01:24
asking why we didn't do something on our watch
17
63000
4000
preguntando por que non fixemos nada para salvar
01:28
to save sharks and bluefin tuna and squids and coral reefs and the living ocean
18
67000
5000
as quenllas, o atún vermello, as luras, o coral e o océano vivo
01:33
while there still was time.
19
72000
2000
mentres aínda había tempo.
01:35
Well, now is that time.
20
74000
3000
Ben, agora é o momento.
01:38
I hope for your help
21
77000
3000
Espero a vosa axuda
01:41
to explore and protect the wild ocean
22
80000
3000
para explorar e protexer o océano salvaxe
01:44
in ways that will restore the health and,
23
83000
3000
de xeito que poida recuperar a súa saúde,
01:47
in so doing, secure hope for humankind.
24
86000
4000
e a esperanza para a humanidade.
01:51
Health to the ocean means health for us.
25
90000
3000
Saúde para o océano significa saúde para nós.
01:54
And I hope Jill Tarter's wish to engage Earthlings includes dolphins and whales
26
93000
7000
Espero que o desexo de Jill Tarter de involucrar aos Terrícolas
02:01
and other sea creatures
27
100000
2000
na procura de vida intelixente no universo
02:03
in this quest to find intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
28
102000
3000
inclúa golfiños, baleas e outras criaturas do mar.
02:06
And I hope, Jill, that someday
29
105000
3000
Espero, Jill, que algún día
02:09
we will find evidence that there is intelligent life among humans on this planet.
30
108000
7000
atopemos evidencias de vida intelixente nos seres humanos deste planeta.
02:16
(Laughter)
31
115000
2000
(Gargalladas)
02:18
Did I say that? I guess I did.
32
117000
3000
Dixen iso? Coido que fun eu.
02:23
For me, as a scientist,
33
122000
3000
Para min, como científica,
02:26
it all began in 1953
34
125000
3000
Todo comezou en 1953
02:29
when I first tried scuba.
35
128000
3000
co meu primeiro mergullo.
02:32
It's when I first got to know fish swimming
36
131000
3000
Foi cando vin por primeira vez peixes nadando
02:35
in something other than lemon slices and butter.
37
134000
3000
e non nadaban en limón e manteiga.
02:38
I actually love diving at night;
38
137000
3000
Amo o mergullo de noite.
02:41
you see a lot of fish then that you don't see in the daytime.
39
140000
3000
Ves un monte de peixes que non se ven en pleno día.
02:44
Diving day and night was really easy for me in 1970,
40
143000
4000
Mergullar noite e día foi moi fácil para min en 1970,
02:48
when I led a team of aquanauts living underwater for weeks at a time --
41
147000
5000
cando liderei uns acuanautas durante semanas de vida submarina
02:53
at the same time that astronauts were putting their footprints on the moon.
42
152000
7000
ao tempo que os astronautas deixaban as súas pegadas na lúa.
03:00
In 1979 I had a chance to put my footprints on the ocean floor
43
159000
4000
Puiden deixar as miñas pegadas no fondo do océano en 1979
03:04
while using this personal submersible called Jim.
44
163000
3000
mentres usaba ese somerxíbel persoal chamado Jim.
03:07
It was six miles offshore and 1,250 feet down.
45
166000
4000
Foi a seis millas da costa e 380 metros de fondo.
03:11
It's one of my favorite bathing suits.
46
170000
3000
É un dos meus traxes de baño favoritos.
03:16
Since then, I've used about 30 kinds of submarines
47
175000
4000
Desde entón, eu usei uns 30 tipos de submarinos,
03:20
and I've started three companies and a nonprofit foundation called Deep Search
48
179000
3000
empecei tres empresas e a fundación sen ánimo de lucro Deep Search
03:23
to design and build systems
49
182000
3000
para proxectar e construír sistemas
03:26
to access the deep sea.
50
185000
2000
de acceso ao mar profundo.
03:28
I led a five-year National Geographic expedition,
51
187000
3000
Liderei unha expedición de cinco anos do National Geographic,
03:31
the Sustainable Seas expeditions,
52
190000
3000
as expedicións Mares Sostibles,
03:34
using these little subs.
53
193000
2000
usando estes pequenos submarinos.
03:36
They're so simple to drive that even a scientist can do it.
54
195000
3000
Tan sinxelos de conducir que ata un científico pode facelo.
03:39
And I'm living proof.
55
198000
2000
Eu son a proba diso.
03:41
Astronauts and aquanauts alike
56
200000
2000
Astronautas e acuanautas igualmente
03:43
really appreciate the importance of air, food, water, temperature --
57
202000
5000
aprecian a importancia do aire, os alimentos, a auga, a temperatura,
03:48
all the things you need to stay alive in space or under the sea.
58
207000
4000
todas as cousas necesarias para se manter vivo no espazo ou no fondo do mar.
03:52
I heard astronaut Joe Allen explain
59
211000
3000
Oín ao astronauta Joe Allen explicar
03:55
how he had to learn everything he could about his life support system
60
214000
3000
como tivo que aprender todo o que puido sobre o seu sistema de apoio vital
03:58
and then do everything he could
61
217000
3000
entón fixo todo o que puido
04:01
to take care of his life support system;
62
220000
3000
para coidar do seu sistema de apoio vital.
04:04
and then he pointed to this and he said, "Life support system."
63
223000
5000
Entón sinalou isto e dixo: "Sistema de apoio vital".
04:09
We need to learn everything we can about it
64
228000
3000
Necesitamos aprender todo o que poidamos sobre el
04:12
and do everything we can to take care of it.
65
231000
3000
e facer todo o que poidamos para coidalo.
04:15
The poet Auden said, "Thousands have lived without love;
66
234000
4000
O poeta Auden dixo, "Miles de persoas viviron sen amor.
04:19
none without water."
67
238000
3000
Ningunha sen auga."
04:22
Ninety-seven percent of Earth's water is ocean.
68
241000
3000
O noventa e sete por cento da auga da Terra é océano.
04:25
No blue, no green.
69
244000
3000
Se non hai azul, non hai verde.
04:28
If you think the ocean isn't important,
70
247000
2000
Se pensas que o océano non é importante,
04:30
imagine Earth without it.
71
249000
3000
imaxina a Terra sen el.
04:33
Mars comes to mind.
72
252000
2000
Marte vénme á cabeza.
04:35
No ocean, no life support system.
73
254000
2000
Se non hai océano, non hai sistema de apoio vital.
04:37
I gave a talk not so long ago at the World Bank
74
256000
3000
Fai pouco dei unha charla no Banco Mundial
04:40
and I showed this amazing image of Earth
75
259000
3000
mostrei esta foto incrible da Terra
04:43
and I said, "There it is! The World Bank!"
76
262000
3000
e lles dixen: "Aí está! O Banco Mundial!"
04:46
That's where all the assets are!
77
265000
4000
É onde están todos os activos!
04:52
And we've been trawling them down
78
271000
3000
E nós temos collimos
04:55
much faster than the natural systems can replenish them.
79
274000
3000
moito máis rápido do que os sistemas naturais poden reabastecelos.
04:58
Tim Worth says the economy is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the environment.
80
277000
3000
Tim Worth di que a economía é subsidiaria e pertence ao medio ambiente.
05:01
With every drop of water you drink,
81
280000
2000
Con cada pinga de auga que bebes,
05:03
every breath you take,
82
282000
2000
Cada respiro que tomas,
05:05
you're connected to the sea.
83
284000
3000
estás ligado ao mar.
05:08
No matter where on Earth you live.
84
287000
2000
Non importa en que lugar da Terra vivas.
05:10
Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere is generated by the sea.
85
289000
3000
A maior parte do osíxeno na atmosfera é xerado polo mar.
05:13
Over time, most of the planet's organic carbon
86
292000
3000
Co tempo, a maior parte do carbono orgánico do planeta
05:16
has been absorbed and stored there,
87
295000
3000
foi absorbido e gardado alí,
05:19
mostly by microbes.
88
298000
2000
principalmente por microbios.
05:21
The ocean drives climate and weather,
89
300000
2000
O océano dirixe o clima e o tempo,
05:23
stabilizes temperature, shapes Earth's chemistry.
90
302000
2000
estabiliza a temperatura, da forma á química da Terra.
05:25
Water from the sea forms clouds
91
304000
2000
A auga do mar forma as nubes
05:27
that return to the land and the seas
92
306000
3000
que retornan á terra e ós mares
05:30
as rain, sleet and snow,
93
309000
2000
como choiva, saraiba e neve,
05:32
and provides home for about 97 percent of life in the world,
94
311000
4000
e fornece fogar para preto do 97 por cento da vida no mundo,
05:36
maybe in the universe.
95
315000
2000
tal vez no universo.
05:38
No water, no life;
96
317000
2000
Sen auga non hai vida.
05:40
no blue, no green.
97
319000
2000
Sen azul, non hai verde.
05:42
Yet we have this idea, we humans,
98
321000
3000
No entanto, os seres humanos temos esa idea,
05:45
that the Earth -- all of it: the oceans, the skies --
99
324000
3000
de que a Terra - toda ela: os océanos, os ceos -
05:48
are so vast and so resilient
100
327000
3000
son tan amplos e resistentes
05:51
it doesn't matter what we do to it.
101
330000
2000
que non importa o que lle fagamos.
05:53
That may have been true 10,000 years ago,
102
332000
3000
Isto pode ter sido verdade hai 10.000 anos,
05:56
and maybe even 1,000 years ago
103
335000
3000
e quizais ata 1.000 anos atrás
05:59
but in the last 100, especially in the last 50,
104
338000
2000
pero nos últimos 100, especialmente nos últimos 50 anos,
06:01
we've drawn down the assets,
105
340000
2000
consumimos os bens,
06:03
the air, the water, the wildlife
106
342000
3000
o aire, a auga, o entorno
06:06
that make our lives possible.
107
345000
3000
que fan a nosa vida posible.
06:09
New technologies are helping us to understand
108
348000
3000
As novas tecnoloxías estannos axudando a entender
06:12
the nature of nature;
109
351000
3000
a natureza da natureza,
06:15
the nature of what's happening,
110
354000
2000
a natureza do que está a suceder.
06:17
showing us our impact on the Earth.
111
356000
3000
Mostrándonos a nosa pegada na Terra.
06:20
I mean, first you have to know that you've got a problem.
112
359000
3000
Quero dicir, primeiro temos que saber que temos un problema.
06:23
And fortunately, in our time,
113
362000
3000
E, felizmente, nos nosos tempos,
06:26
we've learned more about the problems than in all preceding history.
114
365000
3000
temos aprendido máis sobre os problemas que en toda a historia.
06:29
And with knowing comes caring.
115
368000
3000
E co saber vén o coidado.
06:32
And with caring, there's hope
116
371000
2000
E con coidado, hai esperanza
06:34
that we can find an enduring place for ourselves
117
373000
3000
de que poidamos atopar un lugar permanente para nós
06:37
within the natural systems that support us.
118
376000
3000
nos sistemas naturais que nos sosteñen.
06:40
But first we have to know.
119
379000
3000
Pero primeiro temos que saber.
06:43
Three years ago, I met John Hanke,
120
382000
3000
Hai tres anos coñecín a John Hanke,
06:46
who's the head of Google Earth,
121
385000
2000
Que é o xefe do Google Earth,
06:48
and I told him how much I loved being able to hold the world in my hands
122
387000
3000
e conteille canto me gustaba ter o mundo nas miñas mans
06:51
and go exploring vicariously.
123
390000
2000
e exploralo de xeito directo.
06:53
But I asked him: "When are you going to finish it?
124
392000
3000
Mais pregunteille: "Cando é que vas acabalo?
06:56
You did a great job with the land, the dirt.
125
395000
3000
Fixeches un gran traballo coa terra, o solo.
06:59
What about the water?"
126
398000
3000
Que pasa coa auga?
07:02
Since then, I've had the great pleasure of working with the Googlers,
127
401000
4000
Desde entón, tiven o grande pracer de traballar cos Googleiros,
07:06
with DOER Marine, with National Geographic,
128
405000
3000
con DOER Marine, National Geographic,
07:09
with dozens of the best institutions and scientists around the world,
129
408000
5000
con ducias de institucións e cos mellores científicos do mundo enteiro,
07:14
ones that we could enlist,
130
413000
3000
aos que poderiamos recorrer,
07:17
to put the ocean in Google Earth.
131
416000
3000
para ubicar o océano en Google Earth.
07:20
And as of just this week, last Monday,
132
419000
2000
E foi esta semana, o luns pasado,
07:22
Google Earth is now whole.
133
421000
3000
cando se completou Google Earth.
07:25
Consider this: Starting right here at the convention center,
134
424000
3000
Consideren o seguinte: comezando aquí no Centro de Convencións,
07:28
we can find the nearby aquarium,
135
427000
2000
podemos atopar o acuario próximo,
07:30
we can look at where we're sitting,
136
429000
2000
podemos ollar onde estamos sentados,
07:32
and then we can cruise up the coast to the big aquarium, the ocean,
137
431000
3000
e logo podemos ir pola costa ao gran acuario, o océano,
07:35
and California's four national marine sanctuaries,
138
434000
3000
aos catro santuarios mariños nacionais de California
07:38
and the new network of state marine reserves
139
437000
3000
e a nova rede de reservas mariñas estatais
07:41
that are beginning to protect and restore some of the assets
140
440000
4000
que están empezando a protexer e a recuperar algúns dos bens.
07:45
We can flit over to Hawaii
141
444000
3000
Podemos viaxar a Hawai
07:48
and see the real Hawaiian Islands:
142
447000
3000
e ver as verdadeiras illas Hawaianas ...
07:51
not just the little bit that pokes through the surface,
143
450000
3000
Non só o pouco que se ve na superficie,
07:54
but also what's below.
144
453000
3000
tamén o que está debaixo.
07:57
To see -- wait a minute, we can go kshhplash! --
145
456000
3000
Para ver -- un momento, podémonos mergullar! --
08:00
right there, ha --
146
459000
2000
aqui mesmo --
08:03
under the ocean, see what the whales see.
147
462000
3000
baixo o océano, ver o que as baleas ven.
08:06
We can go explore the other side of the Hawaiian Islands.
148
465000
5000
Podemos explorar a outra parte das illas hawaianas.
08:11
We can go actually and swim around on Google Earth
149
470000
4000
De feito podemos nadar polo mundo en Google Earth
08:15
and visit with humpback whales.
150
474000
4000
e visitar as baleas xibardo.
08:19
These are the gentle giants that I've had the pleasure of meeting face to face
151
478000
5000
Esas xigantes amables que tiven o pracer de encontrar cara a cara
08:24
many times underwater.
152
483000
3000
moitas veces debaixo da auga.
08:27
There's nothing quite like being personally inspected by a whale.
153
486000
3000
Non hai nada como que unha balea che examine persoalmente.
08:30
We can pick up and fly to the deepest place:
154
489000
4000
Podemos voar ao lugar máis profundo:
08:34
seven miles down, the Mariana Trench,
155
493000
3000
sete millas ao fondo, á Fosa das Marianas,
08:37
where only two people have ever been.
156
496000
2000
onde só estiveron dúas persoas.
08:39
Imagine that. It's only seven miles,
157
498000
3000
Imaxinen iso. Son só sete millas,
08:42
but only two people have been there, 49 years ago.
158
501000
3000
mais só dúas persoas foron alá, hai 49 anos.
08:45
One-way trips are easy.
159
504000
3000
As viaxes só de ida son fáciles.
08:48
We need new deep-diving submarines.
160
507000
3000
Precisamos novos submarinos de mergullo profundo.
08:51
How about some X Prizes for ocean exploration?
161
510000
3000
Que tal algúns X Premios para a exploración oceánica?
08:54
We need to see deep trenches, the undersea mountains,
162
513000
4000
Necesitamos ver fosas fondas, montañas submarinas,
08:58
and understand life in the deep sea.
163
517000
3000
e comprender a vida no mar.
09:01
We can now go to the Arctic.
164
520000
3000
Agora podemos ir para o Ártico.
09:04
Just ten years ago I stood on the ice at the North Pole.
165
523000
4000
Só dez anos atrás eu estaba sobre o xeo no Polo Norte.
09:08
An ice-free Arctic Ocean may happen in this century.
166
527000
5000
Un océano Ártico libre de xeo pode ocorrer neste século.
09:13
That's bad news for the polar bears.
167
532000
4000
Malas noticias para os osos polares.
09:17
That's bad news for us too.
168
536000
3000
Malas noticias para nós tamén.
09:20
Excess carbon dioxide is not only driving global warming,
169
539000
3000
O exceso de CO2 non só está causando o quecemento global,
09:23
it's also changing ocean chemistry,
170
542000
3000
tamén está cambiando a química do océano,
09:26
making the sea more acidic.
171
545000
3000
o mar tórnase máis ácido.
09:29
That's bad news for coral reefs and oxygen-producing plankton.
172
548000
3000
Malas noticias para os arrecifes de coral, o marisco, e o plancto produtor de osíxeno.
09:32
Also it's bad news for us.
173
551000
3000
Tamén son malas noticias para nós.
09:35
We're putting hundreds of millions of tons of plastic
174
554000
3000
Estamos poñendo centenares de millóns de toneladas
09:38
and other trash into the sea.
175
557000
2000
de plástico e lixo no mar.
09:40
Millions of tons of discarded fishing nets,
176
559000
3000
Millóns de toneladas de redes de pesca perdidas,
09:43
gear that continues to kill.
177
562000
3000
aparellos que seguen a matar.
09:46
We're clogging the ocean, poisoning the planet's circulatory system,
178
565000
4000
Estamos obstruíndo o océano, envenenado o sistema circulatorio do planeta,
09:50
and we're taking out hundreds of millions of tons of wildlife,
179
569000
3000
estamos sustraendo centos de millóns de toneladas de seres,
09:53
all carbon-based units.
180
572000
3000
baseados todos eles no carbono.
09:58
Barbarically, we're killing sharks for shark fin soup,
181
577000
5000
De xeito brutal, matamos quenllas só para facer sopa de aleta,
10:03
undermining food chains that shape planetary chemistry
182
582000
3000
minando as cadeas alimenticias que lle dan forma á química do planeta
10:06
and drive the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle,
183
585000
3000
e que impulsa os ciclos do carbono, do nitróxeno,
10:09
the oxygen cycle, the water cycle --
184
588000
3000
o ciclo de osíxeno, o ciclo da auga,
10:12
our life support system.
185
591000
3000
o noso sistema de apoio vital.
10:15
We're still killing bluefin tuna; truly endangered
186
594000
4000
Aínda matamos o atún vermello, que está en perigo,
10:19
and much more valuable alive than dead.
187
598000
3000
e moito máis valioso vivo que morto.
10:23
All of these parts are part of our life support system.
188
602000
5000
Todas estas partes forman o noso sistema de apoio vital.
10:28
We kill using long lines, with baited hooks every few feet
189
607000
6000
Matamos con longas liñas de palangre, con anzois cada poucos metros
10:34
that may stretch for 50 miles or more.
190
613000
2000
que poden medir 90 km ou máis.
10:36
Industrial trawlers and draggers are scraping the sea floor
191
615000
4000
Os arrastreiros industriais están raspando o chan do mar
10:40
like bulldozers, taking everything in their path.
192
619000
3000
como escavadoras, levando todo no seu camiño.
10:43
Using Google Earth you can witness trawlers --
193
622000
3000
Empregando Google Earth podes ver os arrastreiros,
10:46
in China, the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico --
194
625000
4000
na China, no Mar do Norte, no Golfo de México,
10:50
shaking the foundation of our life support system,
195
629000
4000
facendo tremer os alicerces do noso sistema de apoio vital,
10:54
leaving plumes of death in their path.
196
633000
2000
deixando un rastro de morte ao seu paso.
10:56
The next time you dine on sushi -- or sashimi,
197
635000
3000
A próxima vez que cees sushi, ou sashimi,
10:59
or swordfish steak, or shrimp cocktail,
198
638000
2000
ou filete de peixe espada, ou cóctel de gambas,
11:01
whatever wildlife you happen to enjoy from the ocean --
199
640000
3000
calquera vida mariña que che guste comer,
11:04
think of the real cost.
200
643000
3000
pensa no custo real.
11:07
For every pound that goes to market,
201
646000
2000
Por cada quilo que vai ó mercado,
11:09
more than 10 pounds, even 100 pounds,
202
648000
4000
10 quilos máis, ata 100 quilos,
11:13
may be thrown away as bycatch.
203
652000
4000
poden ser devoltas mortas ao mar.
11:17
This is the consequence of not knowing
204
656000
3000
Esta é a consecuencia de non saber
11:20
that there are limits to what we can take out of the sea.
205
659000
3000
que hai límites para o que podemos sacar do mar.
11:23
This chart shows the decline in ocean wildlife
206
662000
4000
Este gráfico amosa o declive da vida no océano
11:27
from 1900 to 2000.
207
666000
3000
do 1900 ata o 2000.
11:30
The highest concentrations are in red.
208
669000
3000
As maiores concentracións están en vermello.
11:33
In my lifetime, imagine,
209
672000
2000
Durante a miña vida, imaxinade,
11:35
90 percent of the big fish have been killed.
210
674000
4000
mataron o 90 por cento dos peixes grandes.
11:39
Most of the turtles, sharks, tunas and whales
211
678000
2000
Para a maioría das tartarugas, tiburóns, atúns e baleas
11:41
are way down in numbers.
212
680000
4000
os números están caendo.
11:45
But, there is good news.
213
684000
2000
Mais hai unha boa nova.
11:47
Ten percent of the big fish still remain.
214
686000
2000
O 10 por cento dos peixes grandes seguen aí.
11:49
There are still some blue whales.
215
688000
2000
Hai aínda algunhas baleas azuis.
11:51
There are still some krill in Antarctica.
216
690000
3000
Hai aínda algo de krill na Antártida.
11:54
There are a few oysters in Chesapeake Bay.
217
693000
2000
Hai algunhas ostras na baía de Chesapeake.
11:56
Half the coral reefs are still in pretty good shape,
218
695000
3000
A metade dos arrecifes de coral aínda están en moi boa forma,
11:59
a jeweled belt around the middle of the planet.
219
698000
3000
unha cinta de xoias en torno do planeta.
12:02
There's still time, but not a lot,
220
701000
3000
Aínda hai tempo, pero non moito,
12:05
to turn things around.
221
704000
2000
para cambiar as cousas.
12:07
But business as usual means that in 50 years,
222
706000
2000
Pero se o asunto segue como ata agora,
12:09
there may be no coral reefs --
223
708000
3000
en 50 anos pode non haber arrecifes de coral,
12:12
and no commercial fishing, because the fish will simply be gone.
224
711000
4000
e non haber máis pesca comercial, porque o peixe desapareceu.
12:16
Imagine the ocean without fish.
225
715000
4000
Imaxinade o océano sen peixes.
12:20
Imagine what that means to our life support system.
226
719000
4000
Imaxinade o que supón para o noso sistema de soporte vital.
12:24
Natural systems on the land are in big trouble too,
227
723000
3000
Os sistemas naturais da terra están en apuros tamén,
12:27
but the problems are more obvious,
228
726000
2000
mais os problemas son máis evidentes,
12:29
and some actions are being taken to protect trees, watersheds and wildlife.
229
728000
6000
e hai que tomar medidas de protección das árbores, cuncas hidrográficas e a vida salvaxe.
12:35
And in 1872, with Yellowstone National Park,
230
734000
4000
E en 1872, co Parque Nacional de Yellowstone,
12:39
the United States began establishing a system of parks
231
738000
3000
comezaron a establecerse un sistema de parques que hai quen di
12:42
that some say was the best idea America ever had.
232
741000
5000
que foi a mellor idea que nunca tiveron nos Estados Unidos.
12:47
About 12 percent of the land around the world is now protected:
233
746000
4000
Cerca do 12 por cento da terra está agora protexida no mundo,
12:51
safeguarding biodiversity, providing a carbon sink,
234
750000
4000
salvagardando a biodiversidade, fornecendo un sumidoiro de carbono,
12:55
generating oxygen, protecting watersheds.
235
754000
2000
xerando osíxeno, protexendo as cuncas hidrográficas.
12:57
And, in 1972, this nation began to establish a counterpart in the sea,
236
756000
5000
E, en 1972, comezouse a establecer unha contrapartida no mar,
13:02
National Marine Sanctuaries.
237
761000
2000
os Santuarios Marinos Nacionais.
13:04
That's another great idea.
238
763000
2000
Esta é outra gran idea.
13:06
The good news is
239
765000
2000
A boa noticia é
13:08
that there are now more than 4,000 places in the sea, around the world,
240
767000
4000
que hai agora máis de 4.000 lugares no mar, ao redor do mundo,
13:12
that have some kind of protection.
241
771000
2000
que teñen algún tipo de protección.
13:14
And you can find them on Google Earth.
242
773000
2000
E podedes atopalos no Google Earth.
13:16
The bad news is
243
775000
2000
A mala noticia é
13:18
that you have to look hard to find them.
244
777000
2000
que hai que buscar moito para atopalos.
13:20
In the last three years, for example,
245
779000
2000
Nos últimos tres anos, por exemplo,
13:22
the U.S. protected 340,000 square miles of ocean as national monuments.
246
781000
6000
os EE.UU. protexeron 340.000 millas cadradas de océano como monumentos nacionais.
13:28
But it only increased from 0.6 of one percent
247
787000
3000
Pero é só un aumento do 0,6 do un por cento
13:31
to 0.8 of one percent of the ocean protected, globally.
248
790000
5000
ao 0,8 do un por cento do océano protexido, a nivel mundial.
13:36
Protected areas do rebound,
249
795000
3000
As areas protexidas rexenéranse,
13:39
but it takes a long time to restore
250
798000
2000
pero leva moito tempo
13:41
50-year-old rockfish or monkfish, sharks or sea bass,
251
800000
4000
peixes de roca de 50 anos ou peixes sapo, tiburóns ou corvinas,
13:45
or 200-year-old orange roughy.
252
804000
2000
ou un peixe reloxo alaranxado de 200 anos.
13:47
We don't consume 200-year-old cows or chickens.
253
806000
3000
Nós non consumimos vacas e galiñas de 200 anos.
13:51
Protected areas provide hope
254
810000
3000
As áreas protexidas fornecen a esperanza
13:54
that the creatures of Ed Wilson's dream
255
813000
3000
de que as criaturas do soño de Ed Wilson
13:57
of an encyclopedia of life, or the census of marine life,
256
816000
4000
dunha enciclopedia da vida ou un censo da vida mariña,
14:01
will live not just as a list,
257
820000
4000
non van vivir só nunha lista,
14:05
a photograph, or a paragraph.
258
824000
4000
unha foto, ou un parágrafo.
14:09
With scientists around the world, I've been looking at the 99 percent of the ocean
259
828000
3000
Coa axuda de científicos de todo o mundo, revisamos o 99 por cento dos océanos
14:12
that is open to fishing -- and mining, and drilling, and dumping, and whatever --
260
831000
4000
que están abertos á pesca, minería, perforación, vertedoiro de lixo, e o que queirades,
14:16
to search out hope spots,
261
835000
2000
para buscar puntos de esperanza,
14:18
and try to find ways to give them and us a secure future.
262
837000
4000
e atopar o xeito de darlles e darnos un futuro seguro.
14:22
Such as the Arctic --
263
841000
2000
Áreas como o Ártico -
14:24
we have one chance, right now, to get it right.
264
843000
3000
onde temos agora a oportunidade de facelo ben.
14:27
Or the Antarctic, where the continent is protected,
265
846000
3000
Ou a Antártida, onde o continente está protexido,
14:30
but the surrounding ocean is being stripped of its krill, whales and fish.
266
849000
6000
mais o océano está a ser despoxado do seu krill, baleas e peixes.
14:36
Sargasso Sea's three million square miles of floating forest
267
855000
5000
No Mar dos Sargazos, un bosque flotante de 3 millóns de millas cadradas
14:41
is being gathered up to feed cows.
268
860000
3000
está sendo apañado para alimentar vacas.
14:44
97 percent of the land in the Galapagos Islands is protected,
269
863000
4000
O 97 por cento da terra nas illas Galápagos está protexido,
14:48
but the adjacent sea is being ravaged by fishing.
270
867000
4000
mais o mar adxacente está sendo devastado pola pesca.
14:52
It's true too in Argentina
271
871000
2000
Tamén é verdade na Arxentina,
14:54
on the Patagonian shelf, which is now in serious trouble.
272
873000
3000
na plataforma da Patagonia, agora en serios apuros.
14:57
The high seas, where whales, tuna and dolphins travel --
273
876000
5000
En alta mar, onde van as baleas, atúns e golfiños --
15:02
the largest, least protected, ecosystem on Earth,
274
881000
3000
temos o maior e menos protexido ecosistema da Terra,
15:05
filled with luminous creatures,
275
884000
3000
cheo de criaturas luminosas,
15:08
living in dark waters that average two miles deep.
276
887000
3000
que viven en augas escuras a dúas millas de profundidade.
15:11
They flash, and sparkle, and glow
277
890000
3000
Brillan, escintilan, refulxen
15:14
with their own living light.
278
893000
3000
coa súa propia luz vital.
15:17
There are still places in the sea as pristine as I knew as a child.
279
896000
3000
Hai aínda lugares no mar, conservados coma cando eu era unha nena.
15:20
The next 10 years may be the most important,
280
899000
4000
Os próximos 10 anos poden ser os máis importantes,
15:24
and the next 10,000 years the best chance our species will have
281
903000
4000
e os próximos 10.000 anos a mellor oportunidade qua a nosa especie terá
15:28
to protect what remains of the natural systems that give us life.
282
907000
6000
para protexer o que queda dos sistemas naturais que nos dan vida.
15:34
To cope with climate change, we need new ways to generate power.
283
913000
3000
Para xestionar o cambio climático, precisamos novas formas de xeración de enerxía.
15:37
We need new ways, better ways, to cope with poverty, wars and disease.
284
916000
6000
Precisamos de novas formas, maneiras mellores de tratar coa pobreza, as guerras e as enfermidades.
15:43
We need many things to keep and maintain the world as a better place.
285
922000
4000
Precisamos moitas cousas para manter e conservar o mundo como un lugar mellor.
15:47
But, nothing else will matter
286
926000
3000
Mais nada diso importa
15:50
if we fail to protect the ocean.
287
929000
3000
se non somos quen de protexer o océano.
15:53
Our fate and the ocean's are one.
288
932000
4000
O noso destino e o dos océanos son un.
15:57
We need to do for the ocean what Al Gore did for the skies above.
289
936000
4000
Necesitamos facer para o océano o que Al Gore fixo para os ceos.
16:01
A global plan of action
290
940000
3000
Un plan de acción global
16:04
with a world conservation union, the IUCN,
291
943000
2000
cunha Unión de Conservación Mundial, a IUCN,
16:06
is underway to protect biodiversity,
292
945000
2000
que está en marcha para protexer a biodiversidade,
16:08
to mitigate and recover from the impacts of climate change,
293
947000
4000
para mitigar e recuperar dos impactos do cambio climático.
16:12
on the high seas and in coastal areas,
294
951000
4000
en alta mar e nas zonas costeiras,
16:16
wherever we can identify critical places.
295
955000
4000
onde podamos identificar lugares críticos,
16:20
New technologies are needed to map, photograph and explore
296
959000
4000
son necesarias novas tecnoloxías para localizar nun mapa, fotografíar e explorar
16:24
the 95 percent of the ocean that we have yet to see.
297
963000
4000
o 95 por cento dos océanos que aínda non vimos.
16:28
The goal is to protect biodiversity,
298
967000
3000
O obxectivo é protexer a biodiversidade,
16:31
to provide stability and resilience.
299
970000
2000
asegurar a estabilidade e resistencia.
16:33
We need deep-diving subs,
300
972000
2000
Necesitamos submarinos de gran profundidade,
16:35
new technologies to explore the ocean.
301
974000
3000
novas tecnoloxías para explorar o océano.
16:38
We need, maybe, an expedition --
302
977000
3000
Necesitamos, quizais, unha expedición -
16:41
a TED at sea --
303
980000
2000
un TED no mar -
16:43
that could help figure out the next steps.
304
982000
2000
que podería axudar a descubrir os seguintes pasos.
16:46
And so, I suppose you want to know what my wish is.
305
985000
3000
E así, supoño que queren saber cal é o meu desexo.
16:50
I wish you would use all means at your disposal --
306
989000
5000
Gustaríame que utilizásedes todos os medios á vosa disposición -
16:55
films, expeditions, the web, new submarines --
307
994000
3000
películas, expedicións, a Rede, novos submarinos -
16:58
and campaign to ignite public support
308
997000
3000
unha campaña que inflame o apoio do público
17:01
for a global network of marine protected areas --
309
1000000
3000
para unha rede global de áreas mariñas protexidas,
17:04
hope spots large enough to save and restore the ocean,
310
1003000
4000
pontos de esperanza que abonden para salvar e restaurar o océano,
17:08
the blue heart of the planet.
311
1007000
3000
o corazón azul do planeta.
17:11
How much?
312
1010000
2000
Canto?
17:13
Some say 10 percent, some say 30 percent.
313
1012000
3000
Algúns din que o 10 por cento, algúns din que 30 por cento.
17:16
You decide: how much of your heart do you want to protect?
314
1015000
4000
Vós decidides canto queredes protexer o voso corazón.
17:21
Whatever it is,
315
1020000
2000
Sexa o que for,
17:23
a fraction of one percent is not enough.
316
1022000
3000
unha fracción dun un por cento non chega.
17:27
My wish is a big wish,
317
1026000
2000
O meu desexo é un desexo grande,
17:29
but if we can make it happen, it can truly change the world,
318
1028000
4000
mais se podemos facer isto, podemos realmente cambiar o mundo,
17:33
and help ensure the survival
319
1032000
3000
e axudar a garantir a supervivencia
17:36
of what actually -- as it turns out -- is my favorite species;
320
1035000
6000
da que realmente é a miña especie favorita,
17:42
that would be us.
321
1041000
2000
que somos nós.
17:44
For the children of today,
322
1043000
2000
Para os nenos de hoxe,
17:46
for tomorrow's child:
323
1045000
2000
para os nenos de mañá,
17:48
as never again, now is the time.
324
1047000
4000
como nunca, agora é a hora.
17:53
Thank you.
325
1052000
1000
Grazas.
17:54
(Applause)
326
1053000
15000
(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sylvia Earle - OceanographerSylvia Earle has been at the forefront of ocean exploration for more than four decades. The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she's a tireless advocate for our oceans.
Why you should listen
Sylvia Earle, called "Her Deepness" by the New Yorker, "Living Legend" by the Library of Congress and a "Hero for the Planet" by Time, is an oceanographer, explorer, author and lecturer with a deep commitment to research through personal exploration.
Earle has led more than 50 expeditions and clocked more than 7,000 hours underwater. As captain of the first all-female team to live underwater in 1970, she and her fellow scientists received a ticker-tape parade and White House reception upon their return to the surface. In 1979, she walked untethered on the sea floor at a lower depth than any other woman before or since. In the 1980s, she started the companies Deep Ocean Engineering and Deep Ocean Technologies with engineer Graham Hawkes to design undersea vehicles that allow scientists to work at previously inaccessible depths. In the early 1990s, she served as Chief Scientist of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Earle speaks of our oceans with wonder and amazement, and calls them “the blue heart of the planet.” The winner of the 2009 TED Prize, she wished to ignite public support for marine protected areas, so that they cover 20% of the world's oceans by 2020.
Sylvia Earle | Speaker | TED.com