TED2012
Damian Palin: Mining minerals from seawater
Damian Palin: Vađenje minerala iz morske vode
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Svijetu je potrebna pitka voda, a mi je sve češće uzimamo iz oceana, desaliniziramo je i pijemo. No, što učiniti s rasolom koji ostaje iza desalinizacije? U ovom kratkom i intrigantnom predavanju TED Kolega Damian Palin iznosi sljedeću ideju: Iz rasola vaditi minerale koji nam trebaju, uz pomoć posebnih suradnika - bakterija.
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I collaborate with bacteria.
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Ja surađujem s bakterijama.
00:18
And I'm about to show you
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Pokazati ću vam neke od snimaka
00:19
some stop-motion footage that I made recently
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dobivenih spajanjem fotografija
00:21
where you'll see bacteria accumulating minerals
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na kojima možete vidjeti kako bakterije nakupljaju minerale
00:23
from their environment
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iz svoje okoline
00:25
over the period of an hour.
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kroz period od sat vremena.
00:27
So what you're seeing here
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Dakle, ono što ovdje vidite
00:28
is the bacteria metabolizing,
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su bakterije koje metaboliziraju
00:30
and as they do so
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i u tom procesu
00:31
they create an electrical charge.
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stvaraju električni naboj.
00:33
And this attracts metals
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A to privlači metale
00:35
from their local environment.
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iz njihove okoline.
00:38
And these metals accumulate as minerals
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Ti se metali akumuliraju kao minerali
00:40
on the surface of the bacteria.
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na površini bakterija.
00:42
One of the most pervasive problems
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Jedan od najraširenijih problema današnjice
00:45
in the world today for people
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za ljude u cijelom svijetu
00:46
is inadequate access
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jest nedovoljan pristup
00:48
to clean drinking water.
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čistoj pitkoj vodi.
00:49
And the desalination process
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Procesom desalinizacije
00:51
is one where we take out salts.
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iz vode vadimo soli.
00:53
We can use it for drinking and agriculture.
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Tu vodu koristimo za piće i za navodnjavanje.
00:55
Removing the salts from water --
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Izdvajanje soli iz vode --
00:57
particularly seawater --
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pogotovo morske --
00:59
through reverse osmosis
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reverzibilnom osmozom
01:00
is a critical technique
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je presudna tehnologija
01:02
for countries who do not have access to clean drinking water
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za sve zemlje svijeta koje nemaju dovoljno
01:05
around the globe.
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čiste pitke vode.
01:06
So seawater reverse osmosis
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Dakle, reverzibilna osmoza morske vode
01:07
is a membrane-filtration technology.
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jest proces membranske filtracije.
01:10
We take the water from the sea
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Uzimamo morsku vodu
01:12
and we apply pressure.
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i izlažemo ju visokom pritisku.
01:14
And this pressure forces the seawater
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Zbog tog pritiska
01:17
through a membrane.
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morska voda prolazi kroz membranu.
01:18
This takes energy,
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Proizvodnja čiste vode
01:19
producing clean water.
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zahtjeva mnogo energije.
01:22
But we're also left with a concentrated salt solution, or brine.
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A kao nusprodukt imamo koncentriranu otopinu soli, ili rasol.
01:26
But the process is very expensive
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Ovaj postupak je veoma skup
01:27
and it's cost-prohibitive for many countries around the globe.
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i za mnoge zemlje svijeta zbog toga nedostupan.
01:30
And also, the brine that's produced
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Isto tako, dobiveni rasol
01:31
is oftentimes just pumped back out into the sea.
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se veoma često jednostavno vraća natrag u more.
01:34
And this is detrimental to the local ecology
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To je veoma štetno za morski okoliš
01:37
of the sea area that it's pumped back out into.
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u kojeg se rasol baca.
01:39
So I work in Singapore at the moment,
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Trenutno radim u Singapuru.
01:41
and this is a place that's really a leading place
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Singapur je vodeće mjesto
01:44
for desalination technology.
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kada govorimo o tehnologiji desalinizacije.
01:46
And Singapore proposes by 2060
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Namjera im je do 2060. godine
01:49
to produce [900] million liters per day
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proizvoditi 900 milijuna litara
01:52
of desalinated water.
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desalinizirane vode na dan.
01:54
But this will produce an equally massive amount
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No, to će stvoriti jednako ogromne
01:57
of desalination brine.
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količine rasola.
01:59
And this is where my collaboration with bacteria comes into play.
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I ovdje ulazi u igru moja suradnja s bakterijama.
02:02
So what we're doing at the moment
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Dakle, ono što u ovom trenutku činimo
02:04
is we're accumulating metals
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jest to da akumuliramo metale
02:07
like calcium, potassium and magnesium
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kao što su kalcij, kalij i magnezij
02:09
from out of desalination brine.
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iz rasola ostalog nakon desalinizacije.
02:11
And this, in terms of magnesium
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U primjeru magnezija
02:13
and the amount of water that I just mentioned,
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i sa količinom vode koju sam sada spomenuo
02:16
equates to a $4.5 billion
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to iznosi i do 4,5 milijardi američkih dolara.
02:19
mining industry for Singapore --
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Rudarstvo u Singapuru --
02:21
a place that doesn't have any natural resources.
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mjestu koje nema nikakvih prirodnih resursa.
02:23
So I'd like you to image a mining industry
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Pokušajte zamisliti rudarstvo
02:26
in a way that one hasn't existed before;
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kakvo do sada nikada nije postojalo:
02:28
imagine a mining industry
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zamislite rudarstvo
02:30
that doesn't mean defiling the Earth;
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koje ne oskrvnjuje Zemlju;
02:33
imagine bacteria helping us do this
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zamislite kako nam u tome pomažu bakterije
02:35
by accumulating and precipitating
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kroz akumulaciju
02:38
and sedimenting minerals
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i ubrzanu sedimentaciju minerala
02:41
out of desalination brine.
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iz desalinizacijskog rasola.
02:42
And what you can see here
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Ovo što gledate
02:44
is the beginning of an industry in a test tube,
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jest početak industrije u epruveti
02:46
a mining industry that is in harmony with nature.
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rudarstvo koje je u harmoniji s prirodom.
02:50
Thank you.
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Hvala.
02:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological minerDamian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.
Why you should listen
Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet.
He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."
Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com