ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Damian Palin: Mining minerals from seawater

Damian Palin: Melombong bahan mineral daripada air laut

Filmed:
1,002,297 views

Dunia ini memerlukan banyak air bersih. Kita mendapatkan air laut, menyahgaramkannya dan meminumnya. Tapi, apakah yang boleh dilakukan dengan air garam pekat yang terhasil? Dalam ceramah yang menarik dan pendek ini, TED Fellow, Damian Palin, mengusulkan sebuah idea: Melombong bahan mineral lain yang kita perlukan, dengan bantuan bakteria yang dapat mengerjakan logam.
- Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I collaboratebekerjasama with bacteriabakteria.
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Saya bekerjasama dengan bakteria.
00:18
And I'm about to showtunjukkan you
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Saya akan menunjukkan
00:19
some stop-motionberhenti-usul footagerakaman that I madedibuat recentlybaru-baru ini
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bahan visual henti-gerak yang
saya hasilkan baru-baru ini.
00:21
where you'llawak akan see bacteriabakteria accumulatingterkumpul mineralsmineral
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Anda akan melihat bakteria
mengumpulkan bahan mineral
00:23
from theirmereka environmentpersekitaran
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dari persekitarannya
00:25
over the periodtempoh of an hourjam.
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dalam masa satu jam.
00:27
So what you're seeingmelihatnya here
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Apa yang anda sedang lihat ialah
00:28
is the bacteriabakteria metabolizingmetabolizing,
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bakteria sedang memetabolisme,
00:30
and as they do so
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semasa memetabolisme,
00:31
they createbuat an electricalelektrik chargecaj.
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bakteria menghasilkan cas elektrik.
00:33
And this attractsmenarik metalslogam
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Ini akan menarik logam-logam
00:35
from theirmereka localtempatan environmentpersekitaran.
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dari persekitaran bakteria.
00:38
And these metalslogam accumulateberkumpul as mineralsmineral
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Semua logam ini berkumpul
sebagai bahan mineral
00:40
on the surfacepermukaan of the bacteriabakteria.
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pada permukaan bakteria.
00:42
One of the mostpaling banyak pervasivemeresap problemsmasalah
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Salah satu masalah
yang semakin meluas
00:45
in the worlddunia todayhari ini for people
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di dunia ini sekarang ialah
00:46
is inadequatetidak mencukupi accessakses
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kekurangan capaian kepada
00:48
to cleanbersih drinkingminum waterair.
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air minuman bersih.
00:49
And the desalinationpenyahgaraman processproses
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Proses penyahgaraman
00:51
is one where we take out saltsgaram.
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ialah satu proses di mana
kami mengeluarkan garam.
00:53
We can use it for drinkingminum and agriculturepertanian.
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Air tersebut boleh diminum
dan digunakan dalam pertanian
00:55
RemovingMengalih keluar the saltsgaram from waterair --
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Mengeluarkan garam daripada air,
00:57
particularlyterutamanya seawaterair laut --
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terutamanya air laut,
00:59
throughmelalui reversesebaliknya osmosisosmosis
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melalui osmosis songsang
01:00
is a criticalkritikal techniqueteknik
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ialah teknik yang penting
01:02
for countriesnegara who do not have accessakses to cleanbersih drinkingminum waterair
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bagi negara yang tiada capaian
kepada air minuman bersih
01:05
around the globedunia.
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di seluruh dunia.
01:06
So seawaterair laut reversesebaliknya osmosisosmosis
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Osmosis songsang air laut
01:07
is a membrane-filtrationpenurasan membran technologyteknologi.
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ialah teknologi penurasan membran.
01:10
We take the waterair from the sealaut
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Kami mengambil air laut
01:12
and we applymemohon pressuretekanan.
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dan mengenakan tekanan.
01:14
And this pressuretekanan forceskuasa the seawaterair laut
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Tekanan ini memaksa air laut
01:17
throughmelalui a membranemembran.
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melalui sebuah membran.
01:18
This takes energytenaga,
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Proses menghasilkan air bersih ini
memerlukan tenaga.
01:19
producingmenghasilkan cleanbersih waterair.
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Proses menghasilkan air bersih ini
memerlukan tenaga.
01:22
But we're alsojuga left with a concentratedtertumpu saltgaram solutionpenyelesaian, or brineair garam.
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Tapi proses ini juga menghasilkan
air garam pekat.
01:26
But the processproses is very expensivemahal
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Proses ini sangat mahal.
01:27
and it's cost-prohibitivekos yang terlalu tinggi for manyramai countriesnegara around the globedunia.
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Kosnya tidak dapat ditampung
oleh kebanyakan negara.
01:30
And alsojuga, the brineair garam that's produceddihasilkan
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Selain itu,
air garam pekat yang terhasil
01:31
is oftentimessering kali just pumpeddipam back out into the sealaut.
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selalunya dipam balik ke laut.
01:34
And this is detrimentalmemudaratkan to the localtempatan ecologyekologi
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Ini akan memudaratkan
ekologi tempatan
01:37
of the sealaut areakawasan that it's pumpeddipam back out into.
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di kawasan laut di mana
air garam pekat dipam balik.
01:39
So I work in SingaporeSingapura at the momentmomen,
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Sekarang,
saya bekerja di Singapura.
01:41
and this is a placetempat that's really a leadingmengetuai placetempat
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Singapura mempunyai
teknologi penyahgaraman yang canggih.
01:44
for desalinationpenyahgaraman technologyteknologi.
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Singapura mempunyai
teknologi penyahgaraman yang canggih.
01:46
And SingaporeSingapura proposesmencadangkan by 2060
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Singapura mengusulkan,
menjelang tahun 2060,
01:49
to producemenghasilkan [900] millionjuta litersliter perper day
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ia akan menghasilkan
900 juta liter
01:52
of desalinateddesalinated waterair.
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air yang dinyahgaramkan
setiap hari.
01:54
But this will producemenghasilkan an equallysama massivebesar-besaran amountjumlah
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Tapi ini akan menghasilkan
sangat banyak
01:57
of desalinationpenyahgaraman brineair garam.
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air garam pekat yang
dinyahgaramkan.
01:59
And this is where my collaborationkerjasama with bacteriabakteria comesdatang into playbermain.
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Di sinilah kerjasama saya
dengan bakteria bermula.
02:02
So what we're doing at the momentmomen
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Apa yang kami lakukan
pada masa ini ialah,
02:04
is we're accumulatingterkumpul metalslogam
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kami mengumpulkan
logam-logam
02:07
like calciumkalsium, potassiumkalium and magnesiummagnesium
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seperti kalsium, kalium
dan magnesium
02:09
from out of desalinationpenyahgaraman brineair garam.
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daripada air garam pekat
yang dinyahgaramkan.
02:11
And this, in termsterma of magnesiummagnesium
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Dari segi magnesium
02:13
and the amountjumlah of waterair that I just mentioneddisebutkan,
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dan jumlah air yang saya sebut tadi,
02:16
equatesequates to a $4.5 billionbilion
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ini bersamaan dengan US$4.5 bilion
02:19
miningperlombongan industryindustri for SingaporeSingapura --
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dalam industri perlombongan
di Singapura,
02:21
a placetempat that doesn't have any naturalsemulajadi resourcessumber.
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sebuah negara yang tidak
mempunyai sumber semula jadi.
02:23
So I'd like you to imagegambar a miningperlombongan industryindustri
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Bayangkan sebuah
industri perlombongan
02:26
in a way that one hasn'ttidak existedwujud before;
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yang tidak pernah wujud;
02:28
imaginebayangkan a miningperlombongan industryindustri
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bayangkan sebuah
industri perlombongan
02:30
that doesn't mean defilingmencemarkan the EarthBumi;
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yang tidak mencemarkan Bumi;
02:33
imaginebayangkan bacteriabakteria helpingmembantu us do this
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bayangkan bakteria
membantu kita melakukannya
02:35
by accumulatingterkumpul and precipitatingprecipitating
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dengan cara mengumpulkan,
mempercepat
02:38
and sedimentingsedimenting mineralsmineral
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dan mengendapkan
bahan mineral
02:41
out of desalinationpenyahgaraman brineair garam.
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daripada air garam pekat
yang dinyahgaramkan.
02:42
And what you can see here
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Apa yang anda
boleh lihat di sini
02:44
is the beginningpermulaan of an industryindustri in a testujian tubetiub,
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ialah permulaan sebuah industri
dalam sebuah tabung uji,
02:46
a miningperlombongan industryindustri that is in harmonyharmoni with naturesifat.
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sebuah industri perlombongan yang
wujud berharmoni dengan alam semula jadi.
02:50
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
02:51
(ApplauseTepukan)
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(Tepukan)
Translated by PF Ng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damian Palin - Biological miner
Damian Palin is developing a way to use bacteria to biologically "mine" minerals from water -- specifically, out of the brine left over from the desalinization process.

Why you should listen

Research engineer Damian Palin has long been fascinated by the process of biomineralization–with particular attention on the mechanisms involved for mineral precipitation. At the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (in collaboration with Nanyang Technical University, Singapore), he conducts experiments to assess the ability of microorganisms to mine selected minerals out of seawater desalination brine. This study was based on compelling and burgeoning evidence from the field of geomicrobiology, which shows the ubiquitous role that microorganisms play in the cycling of minerals on the planet. 

He says: "It is my aim to continue to research in the field of biomineralization, while exploring the mechanisms responsible for mild energetic mineral (including metal) precipitation for the production of mineral composites."

Read our in-depth Q&A with Damian Palin >>

More profile about the speaker
Damian Palin | Speaker | TED.com

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