TEDxSummit
Fahad Al-Attiya: A country with no water
Fahad Al-Attiya: Zemlja bez vode
Filmed:
Readability: 3.7
1,529,461 views
Zamislite zemlju bogatu energijom - nafta i plin, sunce, vjetar - i moći (novac), ali kojoj nedostaje jedan ključ neophodan za život: voda. Infrastrukturni inžinjer Fahad Al-Attiya priča o neočekivanim načinima na koje mala srednjoistočna nacija Katar stvara svoju opskrbu vode.
Fahad Al-Attiya - Food security expert
Fahad Al-Attiya's job is to maintain food security in Qatar, a country that has no water and imports 90 percent of its food. Full bio
Fahad Al-Attiya's job is to maintain food security in Qatar, a country that has no water and imports 90 percent of its food. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Salaam alaikum.
0
628
2916
Selam alejkum (mir s vama).
00:19
Welcome to Doha.
1
3544
1686
Dobrodošli u Dohu.
00:21
I am in charge of making this country's food secure.
2
5230
3402
Ja sam zadužen da hrana u ovoj državi bude sigurna.
00:24
That is my job for the next two years,
3
8632
2051
U sljedeće dvije godine moj je posao
00:26
to design an entire master plan,
4
10683
2416
dizajnirati cijeloviti dugoročni plan
00:28
and then for the next 10 years to implement it --
5
13099
3533
a zatim ga u sljedećih 10 godina implementirati -
00:32
of course, with so many other people.
6
16632
2020
naravno, zajedno s mnogo drugih ljudi.
00:34
But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story,
7
18652
4647
Ali prvo, moram vam ispričati priču koja je moja priča,
00:39
about the story of this country that you're all here in today.
8
23299
3868
priču o zemlji u kojoj ste danas.
00:43
And of course, most of you have had three meals today,
9
27167
3550
I naravno, većina vas je danas jela tri obroka,
00:46
and probably will continue to have after this event.
10
30717
4533
i vjerojatno će jednako nastaviti nakon ovog događaja.
00:51
So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s?
11
35250
4433
Dakle, počnimo, što je Katar bio u 1940-ima?
00:55
We were about 11,000 people living here.
12
39683
4200
Ovdje je živjelo otprilike 11,000 ljudi.
00:59
There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that.
13
43883
7016
Nije bilo vode. Nije bilo energije, nafte, auta, ništa od toga.
01:06
Most of the people who lived here
14
50899
1395
Većina od ljudi koji su ovdje živjeli,
01:08
either lived in coastal villages, fishing,
15
52294
2472
živjela je ili u obalnim selima, ribareći
01:10
or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water.
16
54766
5950
ili su bili nomadi koji su lutali okruženjem pokušavajući
01:16
None of the glamour that you see today existed.
17
60716
3402
pronaći vodu. Ništa od glamura koji danas vidite nije postojalo.
01:20
No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh.
18
64118
5148
Ni gradovi kakve danas vidite u Dohi, Dubaiju, Abu Dabiju, Kuvajtu ili Rijadu.
01:25
It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities.
19
69266
2617
Nije da tada nisu mogli razviti gradove,
01:27
Resources weren't there to develop them.
20
71883
2099
nisu postojali resursi za razviti ih.
01:29
And you can see that life expectancy was also short.
21
73982
2833
A možete vidjeti i da je očekivano trajanje života bilo kratko.
01:32
Most people died around the age of 50.
22
76815
1902
Većina ljudi umirala je u blizini 50-ih godina.
01:34
So let's move to chapter two: the oil era.
23
78717
3799
Krenimo na drugo poglavlje: doba nafte.
01:38
1939, that's when they discovered oil.
24
82516
3217
1939. godina, tada je nafta otkrivena.
01:41
But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially
25
85733
4800
Nažalost, nije u potpunosti komercijalno iskorištena
01:46
until after the Second World War.
26
90533
2450
do nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.
01:48
What did it do?
27
92983
2134
Što je nafta uzrokovala?
01:51
It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness.
28
95117
3300
Promijenila je ovu zemlju iz temelja, što danas možete vidjeti i osjetiti.
01:54
It also made all those people who roamed around the desert --
29
98417
3732
Ovo je, također, sve one ljude koji su lutali pustinjom -
01:58
looking for water, looking for food,
30
102149
3284
tražeći vodu, tražeći hranu,
02:01
trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.
31
105433
4103
pokušavajući se brinuti o stoci - urbaniziralo.
02:05
You might find this strange,
32
109536
1964
Ovo vam se može činiti čudnim,
02:07
but in my family we have different accents.
33
111500
3849
ali mi u mojoj obitelji imamo različite naglaske.
02:11
My mother has an accent that is so different to my father,
34
115349
4000
Moja majka ima naglasak koji je vrlo različit od naglaska mog oca,
02:15
and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country.
35
119349
5034
a populacija smo od otprilike 300.000 ljudi u istoj državi.
02:20
There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak.
36
124383
3534
Danas u ovoj zemlji postoje pet ili šest različitih naglasaka.
02:23
Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?"
37
127917
3816
Netko se može pitati: "Kako? Kako se ovo moglo dogoditi?"
02:27
Because we lived scattered.
38
131733
1783
Zato što smo živjeli raspršeno.
02:29
We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources.
39
133516
5152
Nismo mogli živjeti na koncentriranom prostoru jednostavno zato što nije bilo resursa.
02:34
And when the resources came, be it oil,
40
138668
3811
A kada su resursi stigli, bila je to nafta,
02:38
we started building these fancy technologies
41
142479
3054
počeli smo razvijati moderne tehnologije
02:41
and bringing people together because we needed the concentration.
42
145533
3650
i skupljati ljude zajedno jer smo trebali koncentraciju.
02:45
People started to get to know each other.
43
149183
2384
Ljudi su se počeli upoznavati.
02:47
And we realized that there are some differences in accents.
44
151567
3949
I shvatili smo da postoje razlike u naglascima.
02:51
So that is the chapter two: the oil era.
45
155516
2935
Dakle, ovo je poglavlje dva: doba nafte.
02:54
Let's look at today.
46
158451
2115
Pogledajmo današnju sliku.
02:56
This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha.
47
160566
4726
Ovo je krajolik po kojem većina vas vjerojatno zna Dohu.
03:01
So what's the population today?
48
165292
1391
Koja je današnja populacija?
03:02
It's 1.7 million people.
49
166683
2250
Ona iznosi 1.7 milijuna ljudi.
03:04
That is in less than 60 years.
50
168933
2699
Ovo se dogodilo u manje od 60 godina.
03:07
The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years.
51
171632
5902
Prosječan rast gospodarstva je približno 15 posto u proteklih pet godina.
03:13
Lifespan has increased to 78.
52
177534
2833
Očekivani životni vijek se produžio na 78.
03:16
Water consumption has increased to 430 liters.
53
180367
4809
Potrošnja vode je porasla na 430 litara po osobi.
03:21
And this is amongst the highest worldwide.
54
185176
3407
I među najvećima je u svijetu.
03:24
From having no water whatsoever
55
188583
2167
Od potpune nestašice vode
03:26
to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation.
56
190750
5484
do potrošnje na najvišoj razini, višoj od bilo koje druge nacije.
03:32
I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.
57
196234
3766
Ne znam je li ovo rezultat nestašice vode.
03:35
But what is interesting about the story that I've just said?
58
200000
6200
Ali što je zanimljivo u priči koju sam upravo ispričao?
03:42
The interesting part is that we continue to grow
59
206200
3183
Zanimljiv dio je što nastavljamo rasti
03:45
15 percent every year for the past five years without water.
60
209383
6600
15 posto svake godine u proteklih pet godina, bez vode.
03:51
Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history.
61
215983
4950
Ovo je nešto povijesno. Nikad se ranije nije dogodilo u povijesti.
03:56
Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water.
62
220933
3933
Gradovi su u potpunosti izbrisani zbog nedostatka vode.
04:00
This is history being made in this region.
63
224866
2516
Povijest se piše u ovoj regiji.
04:03
Not only cities that we're building,
64
227382
1917
Ne samo gradovi koje gradimo,
04:05
but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors.
65
229299
5153
nego gradovi sa snovima i ljudima koji žele biti znanstvenici, doktori.
04:10
Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house.
66
234452
3149
Živi, sagradi lijep dom, dovedi arhitekta, dizajniraj kuću.
04:13
These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't.
67
237601
6199
Ovi ljudi su uporni da je ovo prostor za život, iako nije bio.
04:19
But of course, with the use of technology.
68
243800
1969
Ali naravno, uz korištenje tehnologije.
04:21
So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain.
69
245769
6514
Brazil ima 1.782 milimetara kiše i padalina godišnje.
04:28
Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.
70
252283
2851
Katar ima 74, ali imamo ovakvu stopu rasta.
04:31
The question is how.
71
255134
2016
Pitanje je, kako?
04:33
How could we survive that?
72
257150
3266
Kako smo uspjeli to preživjeti?
04:36
We have no water whatsoever.
73
260416
2084
Uopće nemamo vode.
04:38
Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination.
74
262500
6299
Jednostavno zbog ovog gigantskog, mamutskog stroja zvanog desalinizator.
04:44
Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything.
75
268799
4168
Energija je ovdje ključni faktor. Sve je promijenila.
04:48
It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of,
76
272967
4499
Ona je to što pumpamo iz tla, čega tone spaljujemo,
04:53
probably most of you used it coming to Doha.
77
277466
3000
većina ju je vjerojatno koristila tijekom dolaska u Dohu.
04:56
So that is our lake, if you can see it.
78
280466
2901
To je, dakle, naše jezero, ako ga možete zamisliti.
04:59
That is our river.
79
283367
1849
To je naša rijeka.
05:01
That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water.
80
285216
5342
Tako se dogodilo da svi vi možete koristiti i uživati vodu.
05:06
This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.
81
290558
6626
To je najbolja tehnologija koju ova regija ikad može imati: desalinizacija.
05:13
So what are the risks?
82
297184
2268
Što su rizici?
05:15
Do you worry much?
83
299452
1550
Brine li vas to mnogo?
05:16
I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts,
84
301002
3916
Rekao bih, pogledate li možda globalne činjenice,
05:20
you will realize, of course I have to worry.
85
304918
2591
shvatit ćete, naravno da se brinem.
05:23
There is growing demand, growing population.
86
307509
2509
Potražnja je sve snažnija, populacija raste,
05:25
We've turned seven billion only a few months ago.
87
310018
3249
A premašili smo sedam milijardi prije tek nekoliko mjeseci.
05:29
And so that number also demands food.
88
313267
3492
Ovaj broj ljudi zahjeva hranu.
05:32
And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.
89
316759
3208
Postoje predviđanja da će nas biti devet milijardi do 2050.
05:35
So a country that has no water
90
319967
2856
I zato se zemlja koja nema vode
05:38
has to worry about what happens beyond its borders.
91
322823
3651
mora brinuti što se događa izvan njezinih granica.
05:42
There's also changing diets.
92
326474
2332
Prehrana se također mijenja.
05:44
By elevating to a higher socio-economic level,
93
328806
4066
Porastom na viši socio-ekonomski nivo,
05:48
they also change their diet.
94
332872
2183
ljudi također mijenjaju svoju prehranu.
05:50
They start eating more meat and so on and so forth.
95
335055
3000
Počinju jesti više mesa i sve što slijedi.
05:53
On the other hand, there is declining yields
96
338055
2353
U drugu ruku, prinosi padaju
05:56
because of climate change and because of other factors.
97
340408
2698
zbog klimatskih promjena i ostalih faktora.
05:59
And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.
98
343106
5168
I netko mora zbilja shvatiti kad će se kriza dogoditi.
06:04
This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know.
99
348274
3815
Ovo je situacija u Katru, za one koji ne znaju.
06:07
We only have two days of water reserve.
100
352089
3350
Imamo rezervu vode za samo dva dana.
06:11
We import 90 percent of our food,
101
355439
2284
Uvozimo 90 posto naše hrane
06:13
and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land.
102
357723
3700
i obrađujemo manje od jednog postotka naše zemlje.
06:17
The limited number of farmers that we have
103
361423
2449
Ograničeni broj poljoprivrednika koje imamo
06:19
have been pushed out of their farming practices
104
363872
3534
nikad nisu bili izgurani od svojih poljoprivrednih praksi
06:23
as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc.
105
367406
5549
kao rezultat otvorenog tržišta i dolaska velikih igrača itd.
06:28
So we also face risks.
106
372955
3251
Zbog toga i nama prijete rizici.
06:32
These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.
107
376206
7183
Ovi rizici direktno utječu na održivost ove nacije i naš opstanak.
06:39
The question is, is there a solution?
108
383389
2518
Pitanje je: postoji li rješenje?
06:41
Is there a sustainable solution?
109
385907
2182
Postoji li održivo rješenje?
06:43
Indeed there is.
110
388089
1984
Zapravo, postoji.
06:45
This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents
111
390073
4033
Ovaj prikaz sažima tisuće stranica tehničkih dokumenata
06:50
that we've been working on over the past two years.
112
394106
2684
na kojima radimo u protekle dvije godine.
06:52
Let's start with the water.
113
396790
1432
Krenimo od vode.
06:54
So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy.
114
398222
3769
Znamo vrlo dobro - ranije sam vam pokazao - da trebamo energiju.
06:57
So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy?
115
401991
3098
Ako će nam trebati energija, koji tip energije?
07:00
A depletable energy? Fossil fuel?
116
405089
2299
Iscrpljiva energija? Fosilna goriva?
07:03
Or should we use something else?
117
407388
2395
Ili bismo trebali koristiti nešto drugo?
07:05
Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy?
118
409783
3339
Imamo li komparativnu prednost u korištenju neke druge verste energije?
07:09
I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun.
119
413122
4134
Pretpostavljam da vas do sada većina shvaća da imamo: 300 dana sunca.
07:13
And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need.
120
417256
5332
Koristit ćemo ovu obnovljivu energiju da proizvedemo vodu koja nam je potrebna.
07:18
And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems
121
422588
5401
Vjerojatno ćemo postaviti 1.800 megavata solarnih sustava
07:23
to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water.
122
427989
2609
da bismo proizveli 3,5 milijuna kubičnih metara vode.
07:26
And that is a lot of water.
123
430598
2024
A to je mnogo vode.
07:28
That water will go then to the farmers,
124
432622
2268
Ova će voda zatim ići poljoprivrednicima
07:30
and the farmers will be able to water their plants,
125
434890
2237
i poljoprivrednici će moći zalijevati svoje biljke,
07:33
and they will be able then to supply society with food.
126
437127
4130
i bit će u mogućnosti opskrbiti društvo hranom.
07:37
But in order to sustain the horizontal line --
127
441257
2117
Ali kako bi horizontalna linija bila održiva -
07:39
because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver --
128
443374
3331
jer ovo su projekti, ovo su sustavi koje ćemo isporučiti -
07:42
we need to also develop the vertical line:
129
446705
2634
moramo također razviti i vertikalnu liniju:
07:45
system sustenance, high-level education, research and development,
130
449339
5318
održavanje sustava, obrazovanje na visokom nivou, istraživanje i razvoj,
07:50
industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets.
131
454657
5062
industrija, tehnologije, kako bismo proizveli ove tehnologije za primjenu i konačno za tržišta.
07:55
But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations.
132
459719
6133
Ali ono što pokreće i omogućuje je sve ovo je zakonodavstvo, politike i regulacije.
08:01
Without it we can't do anything.
133
465852
2233
Bez njih, ne možemo ništa.
08:03
So that's what we are planning to do.
134
468085
1552
I to je ono što planiramo učiniti.
08:05
Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan
135
469637
3531
U sljedeće dvije godine nadamo se završiti s ovim planom
08:09
and taking it to implementation.
136
473168
1967
i prijeći na njegovu implementaciju.
08:11
Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around:
137
475135
6700
Naš cilj je biti milenijski grad, kao mnogi milenijski gradovi drugdje:
08:17
Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo.
138
481835
7135
Istanbul, Rim, London, Pariz, Damask, Kairo.
08:24
We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever
139
488970
4095
Stari smo samo 60 godina, ali želimo živjeti zauvijek
08:28
as a city, to live in peace.
140
493065
4561
kao grad, živjeti u miru.
08:33
Thank you very much.
141
497626
1945
Mnogo vam hvala.
08:35
(Applause)
142
499571
4079
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Fahad Al-Attiya - Food security expertFahad Al-Attiya's job is to maintain food security in Qatar, a country that has no water and imports 90 percent of its food.
Why you should listen
Fahad Bin Mohammed Al-Attiya has his work cut out for him: His home, Qatar, has found itself a newly oil-rich country with an economy growing at an average rate of 15 percent a year, with a rapidly expanding population. That burst in population has been accompanied by a huge surge in water consumption. So what's so strange about that? -- Qatar has virtually no water. In comparison to Brazil's annual 1782 mm of rain, Qatar's annual rainfall is 74 mm.
Al-Attiya is the Chairman of Qatar’s National Food Security Programme, and he is tasked with making food secure -- and keeping it that way -- in a place that has no water and imports 90 percent of its food. He hopes that his program's innovations in sustainable agriculture, especially in arid regions, can help other countries deal with dwindling food supplies due to extreme climate change.
Fahad Al-Attiya | Speaker | TED.com