TED2019
Mark Tercek: An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection
Mark Tercek: Ambiciozni plan zaštite svjetskih mora
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Otočne i obalne države trebaju štititi teritorijalne vode kako bi sačuvale zdravlje oceana. Ali one često imaju velik dug i ne mogu dati prednost očuvanju oceana u odnosu na druge potrebe. Mark Tercek i njegov tim u The Nature Conservancy pronašli su način da se to riješi: restrukturirati državni dug, a država bi se u zamjenu obvezala na zaštitu obalnih područja.
Saznajte što su "Plave obveznice za očuvanje" i kako i vi možete pomoći stvoriti milijarde dolara za naše oceane. Ovaj ambiciozni plan dio je smjelog projekta (Audacious Project), TED-ove inicijative za globalne promjene. (Izgovara Ladan Wise)
Mark Tercek - Environmental leader
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities. Full bio
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Ah, earth's oceans.
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Zemljini oceani.
00:14
They are beautiful,
inspiring, life-sustaining.
inspiring, life-sustaining.
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Prekrasni su, nadahnjuju
i podržavaju život.
i podržavaju život.
00:18
They are also, as you're probably
quite aware, more or less screwed.
quite aware, more or less screwed.
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Oni su, vjerojatno to znate,
više ili manje uništeni.
više ili manje uništeni.
00:22
In the Seychelles, for example,
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Na Sejšelskim otocima
00:23
human activities and climate change
have left corals bleached.
have left corals bleached.
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ljudska aktivnost i klimatske promjene
opustošili su koraljne grebene.
opustošili su koraljne grebene.
00:27
Overfishing has caused
fish stocks to plummet.
fish stocks to plummet.
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Preveliki izlov je uništio riblji fond.
00:30
Biodiversity is in peril.
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Bioraznolikost je u opasnosti.
00:31
So what can we do?
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Što možemo učiniti?
00:33
Well, some form of protection, obviously.
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Očito je potrebna neka zaštita.
00:35
Nature is very resilient.
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Priroda je vrlo otporna.
00:37
When marine areas
are strategically protected,
are strategically protected,
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Kad neka morska područja
strateški zaštitimo,
strateški zaštitimo,
00:39
entire ecosystems can bounce back.
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mogu se oporaviti cijeli ekosustavi.
00:42
However, creating marine
protected areas isn't easy.
protected areas isn't easy.
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Ali, stvaranje zaštićenih
morskih područja nije lako.
morskih područja nije lako.
00:45
First, you have the issue
of figuring out where to protect.
of figuring out where to protect.
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Prvi problem je izabrati lokaciju.
00:48
This coral reef overlaps with that
international fishing route,
international fishing route,
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Ovaj koraljni greben se preklapa
s onom velikom ribarskom rutom
s onom velikom ribarskom rutom
00:51
intersects with this fish hatchery.
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i još presijeca ovo ribogojilište.
00:53
Everything is interconnected.
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Sve je međusobno povezano.
00:55
And marine protection plans
must take into account
must take into account
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Plan zaštite morskog područja
treba uzeti u obzir
treba uzeti u obzir
00:57
how one area affects another.
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utjecaj jednog područja na drugo.
00:59
Then, there's the issue
of getting everyone on board.
of getting everyone on board.
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Drugi problem je kako uključiti
sve članove zajednice.
sve članove zajednice.
Glavni dio obalne ekonomije
čine ribarstvo i turizam.
čine ribarstvo i turizam.
01:02
Coastal economies
often rely on fishing and tourism.
often rely on fishing and tourism.
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01:04
If people think they can't do their work,
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Ako ljudi misle
da ne mogu odraditi svoj posao,
da ne mogu odraditi svoj posao,
01:06
there's no chance of getting
the local buy-in you need
the local buy-in you need
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neće se uključiti dovoljno zajednice
01:09
for the area to be successful.
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da bi područje uspješno štitili.
01:11
Marine protected areas
must also be enforced.
must also be enforced.
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Zaštićena morska područja
treba zakonski proglasiti.
treba zakonski proglasiti.
01:13
That means the government itself
must be deeply invested in the plan.
must be deeply invested in the plan.
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To znači da se i vlada mora
jako zauzeti za plan.
jako zauzeti za plan.
01:17
Token support will not cut it.
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Simbolična podrška neće dati rezultat.
01:18
And finally, conservation requires money.
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Konačno, zaštita okoliša traži novac.
01:21
A lot of it.
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Puno novca.
Otočne i obalne države možda
žele zaštititi svoja mora,
žele zaštititi svoja mora,
01:22
Governments in island and coastal nations
may want to protect their waters,
may want to protect their waters,
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ali te države često imaju veliki dug
01:26
but often these nations
have very high debt
have very high debt
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01:28
and can't afford
to prioritize conservation.
to prioritize conservation.
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i ne mogu sebi priuštiti
da okoliš ima prioritet.
da okoliš ima prioritet.
01:31
If we rely on philanthropic dollars alone
to fund marine protection,
to fund marine protection,
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Ako se oslonimo samo
na dobrotvorne donacije,
na dobrotvorne donacije,
01:34
we might get a small
marine-protected area here,
marine-protected area here,
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moći ćemo štititi jedno
malo područje ovdje
malo područje ovdje
01:36
another little one there.
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i drugo, opet malo, tamo.
01:38
But we need more
marine protected areas faster,
marine protected areas faster,
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Ali nama treba više
zaštićenih područja, što brže,
zaštićenih područja, što brže,
01:40
to have lasting impact.
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da bi nastao trajni učinak.
01:42
So what exactly does
smart ocean conservation look like?
smart ocean conservation look like?
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Kako točno izgleda
pametna zaštita oceana?
pametna zaštita oceana?
01:45
How do we get the money,
government support and careful planning
government support and careful planning
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Kako se dobiva novac,
vladina potpora i pažljivo planiranje
vladina potpora i pažljivo planiranje
01:49
that takes into account
both local economies
both local economies
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koje obuhvaća istovremeno
i lokalno gospodarstvo
i lokalno gospodarstvo
01:51
and complex ecosystems?
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i složenost ekosustava?
01:53
We want to share with you
an audacious idea
an audacious idea
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Podijelit ćemo s vama smionu ideju
01:56
from The Nature Conservancy.
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iz The Nature Conservancy (TNC).
01:57
It seeks to address
all of these things in one fell swoop.
all of these things in one fell swoop.
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Ideja obuhvaća sve ove probleme.
02:00
They've realized that debt held
by island and coastal nations
by island and coastal nations
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Shvatili su da je dug
otočnih i obalnih naroda
otočnih i obalnih naroda
02:03
is the very thing that will enable them
to achieve their conservation goals.
to achieve their conservation goals.
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baš ona stvar koja će im omogućiti
da postignu ciljeve zaštite.
da postignu ciljeve zaštite.
02:07
TNC's idea is to restructure this debt,
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Ideja TNC-a je restrukturiranje duga,
02:10
to generate the funds and political will
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čime se stvaraju fondovi i politička volja
02:12
to protect reefs, mangroves and fisheries.
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da se zaštite grebeni, mangrovi i ribolov.
02:15
For example, if you refinance your house
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Primjerice, kad vi refinancirate kuću,
02:18
to take advantage
of a better interest rate,
of a better interest rate,
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uzimate pogodnost niže kamatne stope,
02:20
maybe you use the savings
to insulate your attic.
to insulate your attic.
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a ušteđenu svotu možda potrošite
na izolaciju tavana.
na izolaciju tavana.
02:22
That's what Blue Bonds for Conservation do
for entire coastal countries.
for entire coastal countries.
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Plave obveznice za ocean
rade isto to za cijele obalne države.
rade isto to za cijele obalne države.
02:26
Refinance the debt,
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Reprogramiraju dug
02:28
then use the savings
to create marine protected areas.
to create marine protected areas.
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pa ušteđeno ulažu u stvaranje
zaštićenih morskih područja.
zaštićenih morskih područja.
02:31
Of course, sovereign debt restructuring
is more complicated than that,
is more complicated than that,
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Reprogramiranje nacionalnog duga
je puno složenije od rečenog,
je puno složenije od rečenog,
02:34
but you get the basic idea.
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ali shvaćate osnovnu ideju.
02:36
If investors put in
40 million dollars now,
40 million dollars now,
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Ako investitori danas
ulože 40 milijuna dolara,
ulože 40 milijuna dolara,
02:38
it can unlock as much as 1.6 billion
for ocean conservation.
for ocean conservation.
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to sutra može osloboditi
1,6 milijardi za zaštitu oceana.
1,6 milijardi za zaštitu oceana.
02:42
And this is how the work gets done.
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A taj se posao obavlja ovako.
02:44
Step one: negotiate the deal.
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Pvi korak: Pregovori
02:46
A coastal nation commits to protect
at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.
at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.
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Država se prvo obvezuje da će zaštititi
bar 30% svog dijela oceana.
bar 30% svog dijela oceana.
02:50
In exchange, The Nature Conservancy
bring investors, public funders
bring investors, public funders
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The Nature Conservancy tada dovodi
investitore, javne fondove
investitore, javne fondove
02:55
and international
development organizations
development organizations
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i međunarodne razvojne organizacije
02:57
to the table to restructure
a portion of the nation's debt,
a portion of the nation's debt,
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kako bi restrukturirali
dio nacionalnog duga,
dio nacionalnog duga,
03:00
leading to lower interest rates
and longer repayment periods.
and longer repayment periods.
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čime se dolazi do nižih kamatnih stopa
i duljih perioda otplate.
i duljih perioda otplate.
03:03
Step two: create a marine plan.
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Drugi korak: Stvoriti plan zaštite mora
03:05
Simultaneously, The Nature Conservancy
works with marine scientists,
works with marine scientists,
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TNC istovremeno surađuje s biolozima mora,
03:09
government leaders and local stakeholders
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vladom i lokalnim dioničarima
03:11
to create a detailed conservation plan
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na izradi detaljnog plana zaštite
03:13
that integrates the needs of the ocean
with the needs of the people.
with the needs of the people.
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koji integrira potrebe oceana
s potrebama ljudi.
s potrebama ljudi.
03:16
Step three: activate for longevity.
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Treći korak: Osiguranje trajnosti
03:19
TNC establishes an independently run
conservation trust fund.
conservation trust fund.
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TNC pokreće neovisnu
zakladu za zaštitu okoliša.
zakladu za zaštitu okoliša.
03:23
The savings from the debt
restructure goes into it
restructure goes into it
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Uštede iz restrukturiranja duga
se ulažu u zakladu
se ulažu u zakladu
03:25
to support new marine protected areas.
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i troše za nova zaštićena morska područja.
03:27
The trust then holds the government
accountable for its commitments,
accountable for its commitments,
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Zaklada prati ispunjava li vlada
preuzete obveze
preuzete obveze
03:31
ensuring that the Blue Bonds
finance real protection efforts.
finance real protection efforts.
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kako bi se ''Plavim obveznicama''
financirali stvarni napori.
financirali stvarni napori.
03:34
Could this plan work?
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Može li ovaj plan uspjeti?
03:35
It already has.
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Već jest.
03:37
In 2016, TNC helped create a national
conservation plan in the Seychelles.
conservation plan in the Seychelles.
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2016. TNC je stvorio nacionalni
plan zaštite na Sejšelskim otocima.
plan zaštite na Sejšelskim otocima.
03:43
TNC restructured 22 million dollars
of the government's debt.
of the government's debt.
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U TNC-u su restrukturirali
22 milijuna dolara vladinoga duga.
22 milijuna dolara vladinoga duga.
03:47
And in exchange, the government agreed
to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.
to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.
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A vlada se zauzvrat složila da će
zaštititi 30 posto svog mora.
zaštititi 30 posto svog mora.
03:51
Today, the Seychelles is on track
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Danas na Sejšelima
planiraju zaštititi još
400 000 km2 oceana.
400 000 km2 oceana.
03:53
to protect 400,000
square kilometers of ocean.
square kilometers of ocean.
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03:56
That's an area
roughly the size of Germany.
roughly the size of Germany.
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To je područje veličine jedne Njemačke.
03:58
The Seychelles
is protecting its coral reefs,
is protecting its coral reefs,
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Sejšeli štite svoje koraljne grebene,
04:01
it's replenishing its fisheries,
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obnavljaju riblji fond,
04:02
it's improving its resilience
to climate change.
to climate change.
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poboljšavaju otpornost
na klimatske promjene.
na klimatske promjene.
04:05
At the same time,
it's strengthening its economy.
it's strengthening its economy.
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Istovremeno jačaju i svoju ekonomiju.
04:09
This success is making
other governments take note.
other governments take note.
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Druge su zemlje primijetile taj uspjeh.
04:11
Many want to be part of this.
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I mnoge se žele priključiti.
04:13
There's an opportunity
to scale this up, dramatically.
to scale this up, dramatically.
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To je prilika da se sve ovo
dramatično proširi.
dramatično proširi.
04:16
And fast.
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I jako brzo.
04:17
TNC has identified 20 more nations
where such a plan should be possible.
where such a plan should be possible.
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U TNC-u su procijenili još 20 zemalja
u kojima je moguć ovakav plan.
u kojima je moguć ovakav plan.
04:21
But to execute, they need seed capital.
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Ali trebaju početni kapital.
04:23
And to put in place local teams
who can develop conservation plans,
who can develop conservation plans,
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Trebaju i osnovati lokalni tim
koji će razviti plan zaštite,
koji će razviti plan zaštite,
04:26
work with all the stakeholders
and structure the deals.
and structure the deals.
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pregovarati sa svim dioničarima
i izraditi dogovore.
i izraditi dogovore.
04:29
If they get the support they need
over the next five years,
over the next five years,
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Dobiju li nužnu potporu
u idućih pet godina,
u idućih pet godina,
mogli bi zaštititi 4 milijuna
kvadratnih kilometara oceana.
kvadratnih kilometara oceana.
04:32
they could protect four million
square kilometers of ocean.
square kilometers of ocean.
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To je deset ukupnih površina Njemačke.
04:35
That's 10 Germanies.
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04:36
This would increase
the amount of protected areas
the amount of protected areas
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Tako bi povećali zaštićena područja
04:38
in all of the world's oceans
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svih svjetskih oceana
04:40
by an incredible 15 percent.
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za nevjerojatnih 15 posto.
04:42
It would allow vast tracks
of the world's coral reefs to replenish
of the world's coral reefs to replenish
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Obnovila bi se prostrana područja
koraljnih grebena
koraljnih grebena
04:45
and give safe harbor to countless species.
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i stvorila utočišta brojnim vrstama.
04:48
This would be truly incredible.
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Bilo bi to zaista nevjerojatno.
04:50
And it's really just the beginning.
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A to je samo početak.
04:52
Because there aren't
20 countries in the world
20 countries in the world
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Jer nema u cijelom svijetu samo 20 država
u kojima je moguća ovakva pretvorba duga.
04:54
where this kind of debt
conversion would work.
conversion would work.
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Ima ih oko 100.
04:56
There are almost 100.
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04:57
With this approach, everyone wins.
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Ovakvim pristupom svatko dobiva.
05:00
Governments, local citizens, funders,
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Vlade, lokalni građani, investitori,
05:03
and most importantly, our oceans.
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i najvažnije, naši oceani.
05:05
So in fact, we all win.
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Dobivamo, zapravo, svi.
05:08
Ah, earth's oceans.
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Zemljini oceani.
05:13
[The Audacious Project]
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[The Audacious Project]
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Tercek - Environmental leaderMark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities.
Why you should listen
Mark Tercek is CEO of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the world's largest conservation organization, and author of the best-seller Nature's Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature. After a 24-year career at Goldman Sachs, where he served as a managing director and Partner, Tercek became an "investment banker for nature." He brings deep business experience to his role at TNC, where he leads the organization's efforts to bring together diverse groups to find pragmatic, common-ground solutions to protect nature at scale. He is a champion of the idea of natural capital -- valuing nature for its own sake as well as for the services it provides for people, such as clean air and water, productive soils and a stable climate. Growing up as a city kid in Cleveland, Tercek was a late-bloomer to conservation. It was becoming a parent that sparked his passion for nature. "I want to be able to look my kids in the eye and tell them I did all I could to leave the world a better place," he says.
With support from the Audacious Project at TED, Tercek and his colleagues at TNC are launching a bold plan that could protect 4 million square kilometers of ocean over five years.
Mark Tercek | Speaker | TED.com