TED2019
Rahul Mehrotra: The architectural wonder of impermanent cities
Rahul Mehrotra: Arhitekturno čudo privremenih gradova
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,619,380 views
Svakih 12 godina u Indiji iznikne megalomanski grad za vjersku svečanost Kumbh Mela -- ono što se sagradi za 10 tjedana potpuno nestane za 1 tjedan. Što možemo naučiti od ovog sasvim funkcionalnog privremenog naselja? U vizionarskom govoru, dizajner urbanih prostora Rahul Mehrotra istražuje dobrobiti gradnje privremenih gradova koji mogu putovati, prilagođavati se, pa čak i nestati, ostavljajući najmanji mogući učinak na planet.
Rahul Mehrotra - Architect, urbanist
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Full bio
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
On this planet today,
0
1042
2517
Danas na planetu postoji
00:15
there are about 50 cities
that are larger than five million people.
that are larger than five million people.
1
3583
5768
oko 50 gradova većih od 5 milijuna ljudi.
00:21
I'm going to share with you
the story of one such city,
the story of one such city,
2
9375
2684
Podijelit ću s vama priču
o jednom takvom gradu,
o jednom takvom gradu,
00:24
a city of seven million people,
3
12083
2393
gradu od sedam milijuna stanovnika,
00:26
but a city that's a temporary megacity,
an ephemeral megacity.
an ephemeral megacity.
4
14500
5059
o gradu koji je privremeni,
prolazni megagrad.
prolazni megagrad.
00:31
This is a city that is built
for a Hindu religious festival
for a Hindu religious festival
5
19583
5060
Taj grad se izgrađuje
za hinduističku vjersku svečanost
za hinduističku vjersku svečanost
00:36
called Kumbh Mela,
6
24667
1726
imena Kumbh Mela,
00:38
which occurs every 12 years,
in smaller editions every four years,
in smaller editions every four years,
7
26417
4434
koja se obilježava svakih 12 godina,
u manjem izdanju svake 4 godine.
u manjem izdanju svake 4 godine.
00:42
and takes place at the confluence
8
30875
2768
Događa se na ušću
00:45
of the Ganges and
the Yamuna rivers in India.
the Yamuna rivers in India.
9
33667
3934
rijeka Ganges i Jamuna u Indiji.
00:49
And for this festival,
10
37625
2393
Za ove svečanosti
00:52
about 100 million people congregate.
11
40042
5017
skupi se oko 100 milijuna ljudi.
Razlog zbog kojega se toliko
ljudi sastaje ovdje jest
ljudi sastaje ovdje jest
00:57
The reason so many people congregate here,
12
45083
2143
00:59
is the Hindus believe
that during the festival,
that during the festival,
13
47250
4059
što Hindusi vjeruju
da, tijekom svečanosti,
da, tijekom svečanosti,
koja se ponavlja svakih 12 godina,
01:03
the cycle every 12 years,
14
51333
1476
01:04
if you bathe at the confluence
of these two great rivers
of these two great rivers
15
52833
4143
ako se okupate na ušću
ovih dviju velikih rijeka,
ovih dviju velikih rijeka,
01:09
you are freed from rebirth.
16
57000
2268
oslobođeni ste ponovnog rođenja.
01:11
It's a really compelling idea,
17
59292
1642
To je doista zapanjujuća ideja,
01:12
you are liberated from life as we know it.
18
60958
2601
oslobođeni ste od života kakvog znamo.
01:15
And this is what attracts these millions.
19
63583
3768
A to privlači sve te milijunske mase.
01:19
And an entire megacity
is built to house them.
is built to house them.
20
67375
3643
Izgradi se čitav jedan megagrad
da bi ih se smjestilo.
da bi ih se smjestilo.
01:23
Seven million people
live there for the 55 days,
live there for the 55 days,
21
71042
3017
Sedam milijuna ljudi živi ondje
tijekom tih 55 dana,
tijekom tih 55 dana,
01:26
and the other 100 million visit.
22
74083
3268
a još 100 milijuna dođe u posjet.
01:29
These are images from the same spot
23
77375
2101
Ovo su fotografije s istog mjesta
01:31
that we took over the 10 weeks
24
79500
2518
koje smo snimili tijekom 10 tjedana,
01:34
that it takes for the city to emerge.
25
82042
3059
koliko je potrebno ovom gradu da nastane.
01:37
After the monsoon,
26
85125
1684
Nakon monsuna,
01:38
as the waters of these rivers
begin to recede
begin to recede
27
86833
3310
kako se vode ovih rijeka povlače
01:42
and the sand banks expose themselves,
28
90167
2642
i kako se počnu pojavljivati
pješčane obale,
pješčane obale,
01:44
it becomes the terrain for the city.
29
92833
3060
to postaje teren za nastanak grada.
01:47
And by the 15th of January,
30
95917
1642
I do 15. siječnja,
01:49
starting 15th of October
to 15th of January,
to 15th of January,
31
97583
2851
počevši 15. listopada do 15. siječnja,
01:52
in these weeks an entire city emerges.
32
100458
3351
u tim tjednima nastane cijeli grad.
01:55
A city that houses seven million people.
33
103833
3500
Grad koji može primiti sedam
milijuna stanovnika.
milijuna stanovnika.
02:00
What is fascinating is this city
34
108208
3435
Fascinantno je da ovaj grad
02:03
actually has all the characteristics
of a real megacity:
of a real megacity:
35
111667
4559
zapravo ima sve osobine
pravoga megagrada:
pravoga megagrada:
02:08
a grid is employed to lay the city out.
36
116250
2643
polaže se infrastrukturna mreža.
02:10
The urban system is a grid
37
118917
2059
Gradski sustav ima oblik mreže
02:13
and every street on this city
38
121000
3018
i svaka cesta ovog grada
02:16
goes across the river on a pontoon bridge.
39
124042
3059
prelazi rijeku pontonskim mostom.
02:19
Incredibly resilient,
40
127125
1518
Nevjerojatno je otporan,
02:20
because if there's an unseasonal downpour
or if the river changes course,
or if the river changes course,
41
128667
5059
jer ako dođe do izvansezonske poplave
ili ako rijeka izmijeni svoj tok,
ili ako rijeka izmijeni svoj tok,
02:25
the urban system stays intact,
42
133750
1809
gradski sustav ostaje netaknut
02:27
the city adjusts itself to this terrain
which can be volatile.
which can be volatile.
43
135583
4500
jer se grad prilagođava terenu
koji može biti promjenjiv.
koji može biti promjenjiv.
02:33
It also replicates all forms of physical,
as well as social, infrastructure.
as well as social, infrastructure.
44
141792
5976
Također preslikava sve oblike
fizičke ali i socijalne infrastrukture.
fizičke ali i socijalne infrastrukture.
02:39
Water supply, sewage, electricity,
45
147792
2892
Opskrba vodom, kanalizacija,
električna energija,
električna energija,
02:42
there are 1,400 CCTV cameras
that are used for security
that are used for security
46
150708
5393
postoji 1400 nadzornih kamera
koje se koriste u sigurnosne svrhe
koje se koriste u sigurnosne svrhe
02:48
by an entire station that is set up.
47
156125
3851
putem cijele TV postaje
koju se također organizira.
koju se također organizira.
02:52
But also social infrastructure,
48
160000
2434
Ali također i socijalna infrastruktura
02:54
like clinics, hospitals,
49
162458
2685
kao što su klinike, bolnice,
02:57
all sorts of community services,
50
165167
2226
različite društvene usluge,
02:59
that make this function
like any real megacity would do.
like any real megacity would do.
51
167417
4476
koje čine da ovo funkcionira
baš poput svakog megagrada.
baš poput svakog megagrada.
03:03
10,500 sweepers
are employed by the city.
are employed by the city.
52
171917
6101
Grad zapošljava 10,500 čistača.
03:10
It has a governance system,
a Mela Adhikari,
a Mela Adhikari,
53
178042
2351
Ima i sustav upravljanja, Mela Adhikari,
03:12
or the commissioner of the festival,
54
180417
2101
povjerenik svečanosti,
03:14
that ensures that land is allocated,
55
182542
2392
koji osigurava da se rasporedi zemlja,
03:16
there are systems for all of this,
56
184958
1643
da postoje svi potrebni sustavi,
03:18
that the system of the city, the mobility,
all works efficiently.
all works efficiently.
57
186625
4375
da gradski sustavi, mobilnost,
sve radi besprijekorno.
sve radi besprijekorno.
03:23
You know, it was the cleanest
and the most efficient Indian city
and the most efficient Indian city
58
191833
5101
Znate, bio je to najčistiji i
najučinkovitiji indijski grad
najučinkovitiji indijski grad
03:28
I've lived in.
59
196958
1268
u kojem sam ikada živio.
03:30
(Laughter)
60
198250
2375
(Smijeh)
03:33
And that's what it looks like
in comparison to Manhattan,
in comparison to Manhattan,
61
201583
2851
Grad ovako izgleda u
usporedbi s Manhattanom,
usporedbi s Manhattanom,
03:36
30 square kilometers,
62
204458
2018
30 četvornih kilometara,
03:38
that's the scale of the city.
63
206500
2934
to je površina grada.
03:41
And this is not an informal city
or a pop-up city.
or a pop-up city.
64
209458
3976
A ovo nije neformalan ili slučajan grad.
03:45
This is a formal city,
this is a state enterprise,
this is a state enterprise,
65
213458
3351
Ovo je formalni grad,
ovo je državni projekt,
ovo je državni projekt,
03:48
the government sets this up.
66
216833
2518
vlada ovo postavlja.
03:51
In today's world
of neoliberalism and capitalism,
of neoliberalism and capitalism,
67
219375
3518
U današnjem svijetu
neoliberalizma i kapitalizma,
neoliberalizma i kapitalizma,
03:54
where the state has devolved itself
complete responsibility
complete responsibility
68
222917
3976
gdje je država sama sebi izuzela
potpunu odgovornost
potpunu odgovornost
03:58
from making and designing cities,
69
226917
2767
za izgradnju i dizajn gradova,
04:01
this is an incredible case.
70
229708
1310
ovo je nevjerojatan slučaj.
04:03
It's a deliberate,
intentional city, a formal city.
intentional city, a formal city.
71
231042
3500
To je namjeran, planski, formalan grad.
04:07
And it's a city that sits
on the ground very lightly.
on the ground very lightly.
72
235708
4060
Taj grad leži vrlo nježno na zemlji.
04:11
It sits on the banks of these rivers.
73
239792
2851
Leži na obalama ovih rijeka.
04:14
And it leaves very little mark.
74
242667
2976
I ostavlja vrlo malen trag.
04:17
There are no foundations;
75
245667
1767
Nema temelja;
04:19
fabric is used to build this entire city.
76
247458
3084
cijeli grad je sagrađen od tkanine.
04:23
What's also quite incredible
77
251458
3351
Također je gotovo nevjerojatno
04:26
is that there are five materials
that are used to build this settlement
that are used to build this settlement
78
254833
4601
da se koristi tek pet sirovina
kako bi se sagradilo ovo naselje
kako bi se sagradilo ovo naselje
04:31
for seven million people:
79
259458
1934
za sedam milijuna ljudi:
04:33
eight-foot tall bamboo, string or rope,
80
261416
3102
2,5-metarski bambus, niti ili užad,
04:36
nails or screw and a skinning material.
81
264542
2601
čavli ili vijci te fasadna tvar.
04:39
Could be corrugated metal,
a fabric or plastic.
a fabric or plastic.
82
267167
3726
To može biti rebrasti metal,
tkanina ili plastika.
tkanina ili plastika.
04:42
And these materials
come together and aggregate.
come together and aggregate.
83
270917
3642
Te tvari se spajaju i stapaju.
04:46
It's like a kit of parts.
84
274583
1768
To je poput kutije dijelova.
04:48
And it's used all the way
from a small tent,
from a small tent,
85
276375
3559
Koriste se za sve, od malenog šatora,
04:51
which might house
five or six people, or a family,
five or six people, or a family,
86
279958
3018
koji može primiti 5-6 osoba, ili obitelj,
04:55
to temples that can house 500,
sometimes 1,000 people.
sometimes 1,000 people.
87
283000
3851
do hramova koji mogu primiti 500,
katkad i 1000 osoba.
katkad i 1000 osoba.
04:58
And this kit of parts,
and this imagination of the city,
and this imagination of the city,
88
286875
3768
A ova kutija dijelova, ova zamisao grada
05:02
allows it to be disassembled.
89
290667
3142
mu dopušta da ga se i rastavi.
05:05
And so at the end
of the festival, within a week,
of the festival, within a week,
90
293833
2601
Pa tako na kraju svečanosti,
za tjedan dana,
za tjedan dana,
05:08
the entire city is disassembled.
91
296458
2143
cijeli grad se rastavlja.
05:10
These are again images from the same spot.
92
298625
2559
Ovo su ponovne snimke s istog mjesta.
05:13
And the terrain
is offered back to the river,
is offered back to the river,
93
301208
2768
Teren je ponuđen natrag rijeci,
05:16
as with the monsoon
the water swells again.
the water swells again.
94
304000
3059
kako s monsunima rijeke ponovo bujaju.
05:19
And it's this sort of imagination
as a kit of parts
as a kit of parts
95
307083
2518
A ova vrsta imaginacije
u vidu kutije s dijelovima
u vidu kutije s dijelovima
05:21
that allows this disassembly
96
309625
1726
omogućuje ovo rastavljanje
05:23
and the reabsorption of all this material.
97
311375
2476
i reapsorpciju ovih materijala.
05:25
So the electricity poles
go to little villages in the hinterland,
go to little villages in the hinterland,
98
313875
3934
Tako da električni stupovi
odlaze u sela u zaleđu,
odlaze u sela u zaleđu,
05:29
the pontoon bridges
are used in small towns,
are used in small towns,
99
317833
2435
pontonski mostovi
se iskoriste u gradićima,
se iskoriste u gradićima,
05:32
the material is all reabsorbed.
100
320292
2351
sav materijal se ponovo upotrijebi.
05:34
Fascinating, it's amazing.
101
322667
1958
Fascinantno, zapanjujuće.
05:37
Now, you may embrace
these Hindu beliefs or not.
these Hindu beliefs or not.
102
325875
3851
Pa, možete, a i ne morate prihvatiti
hinduistička vjerovanja.
hinduistička vjerovanja.
05:41
But you know, this is a stunning example,
103
329750
2601
Ali, znate, ovo je sjajan primjer.
05:44
and it's worthy of reflection.
104
332375
2226
I vrijedi promisliti o njemu.
05:46
Here, human beings spend an enormous
amount of energy and imagination
amount of energy and imagination
105
334625
6059
Ovdje, ljudska bića troše ogromnu
količinu energije i imaginacije,
količinu energije i imaginacije,
05:52
knowing that the city is going to reverse,
106
340708
2226
znajući da će se grad okrenuti suprotno,
05:54
it's going to be disassembled,
107
342958
1643
bit će rastavljen na dijelove,
05:56
it's going to disappear,
108
344625
2184
nestat će.
05:58
it's the ephemeral megacity.
109
346833
2375
To je privremeni megagrad.
06:02
And it has profound lessons to teach us.
110
350375
2601
I od njega možemo naučiti bitne lekcije.
06:05
Lessons about how to touch
the ground lightly,
the ground lightly,
111
353000
2851
Lekcije kako doticati zemlju
na nježan način,
na nježan način,
06:07
about reversibility,
112
355875
2476
lekcije o načelu povratnosti,
06:10
about disassembly.
113
358375
1500
o načelu rastavljanja na dijelove.
06:12
Rather amazing.
114
360958
1250
Prilično zapanjujuće.
06:16
And you know, we are, as humans,
obsessed with permanence.
obsessed with permanence.
115
364042
3892
I znate, svi smo, kao ljudi,
opsjednuti trajnošću.
opsjednuti trajnošću.
06:19
We resist change.
116
367958
2125
Opiremo se promjeni.
06:23
It's an impulse that we all have.
117
371042
2351
To je podsvjestan nagon u nama.
06:25
And we resist change in spite of the fact
118
373417
2851
Opiremo se promjeni usprkos činjenici
06:28
that change is perhaps
the only constant in our lives.
the only constant in our lives.
119
376292
3559
da je promjena možda jedina
stalnost u našim životima.
stalnost u našim životima.
06:31
Everything has an expiry date,
120
379875
2268
Sve ima rok trajanja.
06:34
including Spaceship Earth, our planet.
121
382167
3208
Pa čak i naš svemirski brod Zemlja;
naš planet.
naš planet.
06:38
So what can we learn
from these sorts of settlements?
from these sorts of settlements?
122
386500
3809
Pa što možemo naučiti od
ovakvih vrsta naselja?
ovakvih vrsta naselja?
Kao svečanost Burning Man,
koja je naravno puno manja,
koja je naravno puno manja,
06:42
Burning Man, of course much smaller,
123
390333
2351
06:44
but reversible.
124
392708
2060
ali je povratna.
06:46
Or the thousands of markets
for transaction,
for transaction,
125
394792
2976
Ili tisuće transakcijskih tržnica
06:49
that appear around the globe
126
397792
2392
koje izniču diljem svijeta
06:52
in Asia, Latin America, Africa,
this one in Mexico,
this one in Mexico,
127
400208
3435
u Aziji, Latinskoj Americi,
Africi, ova u Meksiku,
Africi, ova u Meksiku,
06:55
where the parking lots are animated
on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors,
on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors,
128
403667
4601
gdje parkirališta ožive vikendom,
nađe se oko 50 tisuća izlagača,
nađe se oko 50 tisuća izlagača,
07:00
but on a temporal cycle.
129
408292
1666
ali tek privremeno.
07:02
The farmer's market in the Americas:
130
410792
2642
Seljačka tržnica u obje Amerike:
07:05
it's an amazing phenomenon,
creates new chemistries,
creates new chemistries,
131
413458
4018
to je divan fenomen,
stvara se nova kemija,
stvara se nova kemija,
07:09
extends the margin of space
132
417500
2184
proširuje se rub prostora
07:11
that is unused or not used optimally,
like parking lots, for example.
like parking lots, for example.
133
419708
3959
koji se ne koristi ili se nedovoljno
koristi, poput parkirališta.
koristi, poput parkirališta.
07:17
In my own city of Mumbai,
134
425292
1476
U mom gradu Mumbaiju,
07:18
where I practice
as an architect and a planner,
as an architect and a planner,
135
426792
3101
gdje radim kao arhitekt i urbani planer,
07:21
I see this in the everyday landscape.
136
429917
2601
vidim ove primjere
u svakodnevnom krajoliku.
u svakodnevnom krajoliku.
07:24
I call this the Kinetic City.
137
432542
1934
Nazivam to Kinetičkim gradom.
07:26
It twitches like a live organism;
it's not static.
it's not static.
138
434500
3226
Kreće se kao živi organizam;
nije statičan.
nije statičan.
07:29
It changes every day,
139
437750
1809
Mijenja se svakodnevno,
07:31
on sometimes predictable cycles.
140
439583
2601
ponekad u predvidljivim ciklusima.
07:34
About six million people
141
442208
1643
Oko 6 milijuna ljudi
07:35
live in these kinds
of temporary settlements.
of temporary settlements.
142
443875
3476
žive u ovakvim privremenim naseljima.
07:39
Like -- unfortunately, like refugee camps,
143
447375
3143
Poput -- nažalost, poput
izbjegličkih kampova,
izbjegličkih kampova,
07:42
the slums of Mumbai,
the favelas of Latin America.
the favelas of Latin America.
144
450542
3517
slamova Mumbaija,
favela u Latinskoj Americi.
favela u Latinskoj Americi.
07:46
Here, the temporary
is becoming the new permanent.
is becoming the new permanent.
145
454083
3726
Ovdje, privremeno se pretvara
u novo trajno.
u novo trajno.
07:49
Here, urbanism is not about grand vision,
146
457833
4310
Ovdje, urbanizam nije
nikakva velika vizija,
nikakva velika vizija,
07:54
it's about grand adjustment.
147
462167
2458
nego velika prilagodba.
07:57
On the street in Mumbai,
during the Ganesh festival,
during the Ganesh festival,
148
465625
4434
Na ulici Mumbaija,
tijekom svečanosti Ganesh,
tijekom svečanosti Ganesh,
08:02
a transformation.
149
470083
1518
događa se transformacija.
08:03
A community hall is created for 10 days.
150
471625
3101
Višenamjenska dvorana
nastane za 10 dana.
nastane za 10 dana.
08:06
Bollywood films are shown,
151
474750
1976
Prikazuju se bollywoodski filmovi,
08:08
thousands congregate
for dinners and celebration.
for dinners and celebration.
152
476750
3309
tisuće se okupljaju na
večerama i slavljima.
večerama i slavljima.
08:12
It's made out of paper-mache
and plaster of Paris.
and plaster of Paris.
153
480083
3060
Izrađena je od lijepljenog papira i gipsa.
08:15
Designed to be disassembled,
154
483167
1976
Dizajnirana je kako bi bila rastavljena,
08:17
and in 10 days, overnight, it disappears,
155
485167
3017
i za 10 dana, preko noći, nestaje,
08:20
and the street goes back to anonymity.
156
488208
2726
a ulica se vraća u anonimnost.
08:22
Or our wonderful open spaces,
we call them maidans.
we call them maidans.
157
490958
3685
Ili naši prekrasni javni prostori,
nazivamo ih maidani.
nazivamo ih maidani.
08:26
And it's used for this
incredibly nuanced and complicated,
incredibly nuanced and complicated,
158
494667
4601
Koristi ih se za ovu nevjerojatno
nijansiranu i zamršenu
nijansiranu i zamršenu
08:31
fascinating Indian game, called cricket,
159
499292
2892
fascinantnu indijsku igru, kriket,
08:34
which, I believe, the British invented.
160
502208
1893
čini mi se da su ga izumili Britanci.
08:36
(Laughter)
161
504125
1143
(Smijeh)
08:37
And in the evenings,
162
505292
2767
Svake večeri,
08:40
a wedding wraps around
the cricket pitch --
the cricket pitch --
163
508083
2018
svadba okruži teren za kriket --
Primijetite, teren za kriket ostaje
netaknut, to je sveto tlo.
netaknut, to je sveto tlo.
08:42
Notice, the cricket pitch
is not touched, it's sacred ground.
is not touched, it's sacred ground.
164
510125
2857
08:45
(Laughter)
165
513006
1345
(Smijeh)
08:46
But here, the club members
and the wedding party
and the wedding party
166
514375
3518
Ali ovdje, članovi kluba i gosti svadbe
08:49
partake in tea through a common kitchen.
167
517917
2641
sudjeluju u pijenju čaja
putem zajedničke kuhinje.
putem zajedničke kuhinje.
08:52
And at midnight, it's disassembled,
168
520582
2936
A u ponoć, sve se rastavlja
08:55
and the space offered back to the city.
169
523542
3017
i prostor je ponuđen natrag gradu.
08:58
Here, urbanism is an elastic condition.
170
526583
2584
Ovdje, urbanizam je elastično stanje.
09:02
And so, if we reflect
about these questions,
about these questions,
171
530583
3268
I tako, ako promislimo o ovim pitanjima,
09:05
I mean, I think many come to mind.
172
533875
2518
mislim, mnoga nam padaju na pamet.
09:08
But an important one is,
173
536417
2476
Ali jedno važno pitanje jest,
09:10
are we really, in our cities,
174
538917
1726
stvaramo li mi doista, u našim gradovima,
09:12
in our imagination about urbanism,
175
540667
2726
u našim zamislima o urbanizmu,
09:15
making permanent solutions
for temporary problems?
for temporary problems?
176
543417
4517
trajna rješenja za privremene probleme?
09:19
Are we locking resources into paradigms
177
547958
2976
Ograničavamo li resurse paradigmama
09:22
that we don't even know
will be relevant in a decade?
will be relevant in a decade?
178
550958
3476
za koje ne znamo niti hoće li
išta značiti za deset godina?
išta značiti za deset godina?
09:26
This becomes, I think,
179
554458
1268
Ovo postaje, smatram,
09:27
an interesting question
that arises from this research.
that arises from this research.
180
555750
3601
zanimljivo pitanje koje proizlazi
iz ovog istraživanja.
iz ovog istraživanja.
09:31
I mean, look at the abandoned
shopping malls in North America,
shopping malls in North America,
181
559375
3184
Mislim, pogledajte napuštene
trgovačke centre u Sjevernoj Americi,
trgovačke centre u Sjevernoj Americi,
u predgrađima Sjeverne Amerike.
09:34
suburban North America.
182
562583
1435
09:36
Retail experts have predicted
that in the next decade,
that in the next decade,
183
564042
4101
Prodajni stručnjaci su predvidjeli
da će u sljedećih 10 godina,
da će u sljedećih 10 godina,
09:40
of the 2,000 malls that exist today,
184
568167
2851
od 2 tisuće centara koji danas postoje,
09:43
50 percent will be abandoned.
185
571042
2267
50 posto bit će napušteno.
09:45
Massive amount of material,
capturing resources,
capturing resources,
186
573333
4768
Ogromne količine materijala,
zarobljenost resursa,
zarobljenost resursa,
09:50
that will not be relevant soon.
187
578125
2417
za nešto što uskoro neće značiti ništa.
09:53
Or the Olympic stadiums.
188
581292
1851
Ili olimpijski stadioni.
09:55
Around the globe, cities build these
189
583167
2642
Širom svijeta, gradovi grade ove stadione
09:57
under great contestation
with massive resources,
with massive resources,
190
585833
3185
pod velikim pritiskom nadmetanja
s ogromnim resursima,
s ogromnim resursima,
10:01
but after the games go,
191
589042
1976
ali nakon što igre završe,
10:03
they can't often
get absorbed into the city.
get absorbed into the city.
192
591042
2434
grad ih često ne može apsorbirati.
10:05
Couldn't these be
nomadic structures, deflatable,
nomadic structures, deflatable,
193
593500
3434
Ne bi li to mogle biti preseljive
strukture, rastavljive,
strukture, rastavljive,
10:08
we have the technology for that,
194
596958
1810
imamo tehnologiju za to,
10:10
that get gifted to smaller towns
around the world or in those countries,
around the world or in those countries,
195
598792
4351
i onda bismo ih darovali manjim gradovima
širom svijeta ili u istoj zemlji,
širom svijeta ili u istoj zemlji,
10:15
or are stored and moved
for the next Olympics?
for the next Olympics?
196
603167
4809
ili bismo ih spremili i preselili
za sljedeće Olimpijske igre?
za sljedeće Olimpijske igre?
10:20
A massive, inefficient use of resources.
197
608000
3833
Masivna, neučinkovita upotreba resursa.
10:24
Like the circus.
198
612667
1309
Poput cirkusa.
10:26
I mean, we could imagine it
like the circus,
like the circus,
199
614000
2101
Mislim, mogli bismo to
zamisliti kao cirkus,
zamisliti kao cirkus,
10:28
this wonderful institution
that used to camp in cities,
that used to camp in cities,
200
616125
2851
ovu prekrasnu instituciju
koja se naseljavala u gradovima,
koja se naseljavala u gradovima,
10:31
set up this lovely kind of visual dialogue
with the static city.
with the static city.
201
619000
4893
i postavljala jednu lijepu vrstu vizualnog
dijaloga s nepokretnim gradom.
dijaloga s nepokretnim gradom.
10:35
And within it, the amazement.
202
623917
2684
A unutra su se nalazila čudesa.
10:38
Children of different ethnic groups
become suddenly aware of each other,
become suddenly aware of each other,
203
626625
4934
Djeca različitih etničkih skupina
odjednom postanu svjesna jedni drugih.
odjednom postanu svjesna jedni drugih.
Ljudi različitih rasa
postaju svjesni jedni drugih,
postaju svjesni jedni drugih,
10:43
people of color become aware of others,
204
631583
2143
10:45
income groups and cultures and ethnicities
205
633750
3143
različite klase, kulture, nacije
10:48
all come together around the amazement
of the ring with animals and performers.
of the ring with animals and performers.
206
636917
5476
se susreću radi oduševljenja oko
kruga sa životinjama i izvođačima.
kruga sa životinjama i izvođačima.
10:54
New chemistries are created,
people become aware of things,
people become aware of things,
207
642417
3267
Stvara se nova kemija,
ljudi postaju svjesni nekih stvari,
ljudi postaju svjesni nekih stvari,
10:57
and this moves on to the next town.
208
645708
3060
i to se prebacuje na sljedeći grad.
11:00
Or nature, the fluxes of nature,
climate change,
climate change,
209
648792
3559
A što je s prirodom, mijenama u prirodi,
klimatskim promjenama,
klimatskim promjenama,
11:04
how do we deal with this,
can we be more accommodating?
can we be more accommodating?
210
652375
3559
kako ćemo se nositi s tim, možemo li se
više otvoriti prema tim problemima?
više otvoriti prema tim problemima?
11:07
Can we create softer urban systems?
211
655958
2643
Možemo li stvoriti nježnije
gradske sustave?
gradske sustave?
11:10
Or are we going to challenge
nature continuously
nature continuously
212
658625
2601
Ili ćemo nastaviti izazivati prirodu
11:13
with heavy infrastructure,
213
661250
1601
teškom infrastrukturom,
11:14
which we are already doing,
unsuccessfully?
unsuccessfully?
214
662875
2792
što već činimo, ali neuspješno?
11:18
Now, I'm not arguing
215
666625
1476
Ne zalažem se za to
11:20
that we've got to make
our cities like a circus,
our cities like a circus,
216
668125
2434
da moramo stvarati gradove poput cirkusa,
11:22
I'm not arguing that cities
must be completely temporary.
must be completely temporary.
217
670583
3435
ne zalažem se za to da gradovi
moraju biti potpuno privremeni.
moraju biti potpuno privremeni.
11:26
I'm only making a plea
218
674042
1601
Samo pozivam
11:27
that we need to make a shift
in our imagination about cities,
in our imagination about cities,
219
675667
3017
na promjenu smjera u našoj
imaginaciji gradova,
imaginaciji gradova,
11:30
where we need to reserve more space
220
678708
3018
gdje je potrebno sačuvati više prostora
11:33
for uses on a temporal scale.
221
681750
2934
za privremene svrhe.
11:36
Where we need to use
our resources efficiently,
our resources efficiently,
222
684708
3101
Gdje je potrebno učinkovitije
koristiti resurse,
koristiti resurse,
11:39
to extend the expiry date of our planet.
223
687833
2810
kako bismo produžili rok
trajanja našem planetu.
trajanja našem planetu.
11:42
We need to change planning
urban design cultures,
urban design cultures,
224
690667
3101
Moramo promijeniti kulturu
planiranja urbanog dizajna,
planiranja urbanog dizajna,
11:45
to think of the temporal, the reversible,
225
693792
2809
misliti na privremeno, povratno,
11:48
the disassembleable.
226
696625
1809
razgradivo.
11:50
And that can be tremendous
227
698458
2143
A to bi moglo iznimno mnogo značiti
11:52
in terms of the effect
it might have on our lives.
it might have on our lives.
228
700625
3458
u smislu učinka koji bi to
moglo imati na naše živote.
moglo imati na naše živote.
11:56
I often think back to the Kumbh Mela
229
704917
2934
Često razmišljam o Kumbh Meli
11:59
that I visited with
my students and I studied,
my students and I studied,
230
707875
2143
koju sam posjetio i proučavao
sa svojim studentima,
sa svojim studentima,
12:02
and this was a moment
where the city had been disassembled.
where the city had been disassembled.
231
710042
4184
to je bilo u vrijeme kada
je grad bivao razgrađivan.
je grad bivao razgrađivan.
Tjedan dana nakon završetka svečanosti.
12:06
A week after the festival was over.
232
714250
1851
12:08
There was no mark.
233
716125
1268
Nije mu bilo traga.
12:09
The terrain was waiting
to be covered over by the water,
to be covered over by the water,
234
717417
4059
Teren je čekao ponovno prekrivanje vodom,
12:13
to be consumed.
235
721500
1268
da bude progutan.
12:14
And I went to thank a high priestess
236
722792
2767
Otišao sam zahvaliti glavnoj svećenici
12:17
who had helped us and my students
through our research
through our research
237
725583
3643
koja je pomagala meni i mojim
studentima tijekom istraživanja
studentima tijekom istraživanja
12:21
and facilitated us through this process.
238
729250
3601
i vodila nas kroz cijeli postupak.
12:24
And I went to her with great enthusiasm,
239
732875
2268
Otišao sam k njoj s velikim entuzijazmom
12:27
and I told her about
how much we had learned
how much we had learned
240
735167
2101
i pričao sam joj o tome koliko smo naučili
12:29
about infrastructure, the city,
the efficiency of the city,
the efficiency of the city,
241
737292
3601
o gradskoj infrastrukturi,
o učinkovitosti grada,
o učinkovitosti grada,
12:32
the architecture, the five materials
that made the city.
that made the city.
242
740917
3101
o arhitekturi, o pet tvari
koje su sačinjavale grad.
koje su sačinjavale grad.
12:36
She looked really amused, she was smiling.
243
744042
2642
Izgledala mi je vrlo zabavljeno,
smješila se.
smješila se.
12:38
In any case, she leaned forward
244
746708
2810
Nagnula se naprijed
12:41
and put her hand on my head to bless me.
245
749542
3351
i položila mi ruku na glavu
kako bi me blagoslovila.
kako bi me blagoslovila.
12:44
And she whispered in my ear, she said,
246
752917
3601
Šapnula mi je u uho,
12:48
"Feel blessed that the Mother Ganges
247
756542
3059
"Budi blagoslovljen što vam je
Majka Ganges
Majka Ganges
12:51
allowed you all to sit in her lap
for a few days."
for a few days."
248
759625
4667
dozvolila da joj sjedite u krilu
nekoliko dana."
nekoliko dana."
12:57
I've often thought about this,
249
765375
2309
Često sam razmišljao o ovome,
12:59
and of course, I understood what she said.
250
767708
2893
i naravno, razumio sam što mi je rekla.
13:02
She said, cities, people,
architecture will come and go,
architecture will come and go,
251
770625
3851
Rekla je, gradovi, ljudi, arhitekture
će doći i otići,
će doći i otići,
13:06
but the planet is here to stay.
252
774500
2042
ali planet će ostati.
13:09
Touch it lightly, leave a minimal mark.
253
777625
3976
Dirajte ga nježno, ostavite
minimalan trag.
minimalan trag.
13:13
And I think that's an important lesson
for us as citizens and architects.
for us as citizens and architects.
254
781625
4434
Mislim da je ovo važna lekcija
za nas kao građane i arhitekte.
za nas kao građane i arhitekte.
13:18
And I think it was this experience
255
786083
2601
I mislim da me je ovo iskustvo
13:20
that made me believe that impermanence
is bigger than permanence
is bigger than permanence
256
788708
6351
nagnalo da vjerujem kako je nestalnost
veća od trajnosti
veća od trajnosti
13:27
and bigger than us all.
257
795083
1268
i veća od sviju nas.
13:28
Thank you for listening.
258
796375
1518
Hvala vam na slušanju.
13:29
(Applause)
259
797917
6083
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rahul Mehrotra - Architect, urbanistRahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.
Why you should listen
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working from Mumbai and Boston, where he also teaches at Harvard University. His work covers a range of buildings, from houses to institutional to office buildings. A recent project was a housing estate for 100 elephants and their caretakers in Jaipur, India.
Mehrotra is passionate about writing. He's written several books on the history and architecture of Mumbai, including Architecture In India Since 1990. He's also written on urbanism in India and is currently working on a book on his experiences as a practitioner in India.
Rahul Mehrotra | Speaker | TED.com