TED2019
Rahul Mehrotra: The architectural wonder of impermanent cities
胡拉尔 · 麦罗特拉: 临时城市的建筑奇迹
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,619,380 views
每12年，一个特大城市平地而起就是为了一个名叫大壶节的宗教节日——花费10周才能建成的城市只用一周便被彻底拆卸。从这个运转畅通的临时建筑中我们能学习到什么？在这个见解独特的演讲中，城市设计师胡拉尔 · 麦罗特拉（Rahul Mehrotra）探索了能移动、能适应甚至消失的，在这个星球上尽可能落下最轻微痕迹的临时城市能带来什么好处。
Rahul Mehrotra - Architect, urbanist
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Full bio
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
On this planet today,
0
1042
2517
今天在这个世界上，
00:15
there are about 50 cities
that are larger than five million people.
that are larger than five million people.
1
3583
5768
有50个人口超过500万的城市。
00:21
I'm going to share with you
the story of one such city,
the story of one such city,
2
9375
2684
接下来我想分享其中一个城市的故事，
00:24
a city of seven million people,
3
12083
2393
一个拥有700万人口的城市。
00:26
but a city that's a temporary megacity,
an ephemeral megacity.
an ephemeral megacity.
4
14500
5059
但是这个特大城市
是临时搭建的，很短暂，
是临时搭建的，很短暂，
00:31
This is a city that is built
for a Hindu religious festival
for a Hindu religious festival
5
19583
5060
这个城市是为了
印度教的节日而搭建的，
印度教的节日而搭建的，
00:36
called Kumbh Mela,
6
24667
1726
节日的名字叫大壶节。
00:38
which occurs every 12 years,
in smaller editions every four years,
in smaller editions every four years,
7
26417
4434
这个节日每12年举行一次，
每4年以小一点的规模举行，
每4年以小一点的规模举行，
00:42
and takes place at the confluence
8
30875
2768
就在印度恒河和亚穆纳河两条河流
00:45
of the Ganges and
the Yamuna rivers in India.
the Yamuna rivers in India.
9
33667
3934
汇合的地方举办。
00:49
And for this festival,
10
37625
2393
为了庆祝这个节日，
00:52
about 100 million people congregate.
11
40042
5017
约1亿人聚在一起。
00:57
The reason so many people congregate here,
12
45083
2143
这么多人聚在一起，
00:59
is the Hindus believe
that during the festival,
that during the festival,
13
47250
4059
是因为印度教徒相信在这个节日，
01:03
the cycle every 12 years,
14
51333
1476
12年为一个轮回，
01:04
if you bathe at the confluence
of these two great rivers
of these two great rivers
15
52833
4143
如果你在这两条河的汇合处沐浴，
01:09
you are freed from rebirth.
16
57000
2268
便可经历重生得到自由。
01:11
It's a really compelling idea,
17
59292
1642
这是个非常打动人的信念，
01:12
you are liberated from life as we know it.
18
60958
2601
我们可以理解为从生命中得到解放。
01:15
And this is what attracts these millions.
19
63583
3768
正是这个信仰吸引了上亿人，
01:19
And an entire megacity
is built to house them.
is built to house them.
20
67375
3643
而一个特大城市为了
容纳这些人也随之落成。
容纳这些人也随之落成。
01:23
Seven million people
live there for the 55 days,
live there for the 55 days,
21
71042
3017
700万人在这里住上55天，
01:26
and the other 100 million visit.
22
74083
3268
还有另外1亿人前来参加。
01:29
These are images from the same spot
23
77375
2101
这是同一地方在不同时期拍摄的照片，
01:31
that we took over the 10 weeks
24
79500
2518
一张是10周以前，
城市尚未开工建设时拍的，
城市尚未开工建设时拍的，
01:34
that it takes for the city to emerge.
25
82042
3059
一张是特大城市
快要成型的时候拍的。
快要成型的时候拍的。
01:37
After the monsoon,
26
85125
1684
季风过后，
01:38
as the waters of these rivers
begin to recede
begin to recede
27
86833
3310
当这两条河流逐渐消退，
01:42
and the sand banks expose themselves,
28
90167
2642
河床开始显露出来的时候，
01:44
it becomes the terrain for the city.
29
92833
3060
这就成为了特大城市的地带。
01:47
And by the 15th of January,
30
95917
1642
到了1月15日，
01:49
starting 15th of October
to 15th of January,
to 15th of January,
31
97583
2851
从上一年10月15日
到下一年的1月15日，
到下一年的1月15日，
01:52
in these weeks an entire city emerges.
32
100458
3351
也就这几个月的功夫，
一整个城市拔地而起。
一整个城市拔地而起。
01:55
A city that houses seven million people.
33
103833
3500
一个能容纳700万人的城市。
02:00
What is fascinating is this city
34
108208
3435
令人惊奇的是，这个城市
02:03
actually has all the characteristics
of a real megacity:
of a real megacity:
35
111667
4559
拥有一个真正的特大城市
所有该有的特点：
所有该有的特点：
02:08
a grid is employed to lay the city out.
36
116250
2643
城市的布局井然，
02:10
The urban system is a grid
37
118917
2059
城市系统就像是一个棋盘，
02:13
and every street on this city
38
121000
3018
城市里的每一条街道，
02:16
goes across the river on a pontoon bridge.
39
124042
3059
就是横跨河流的一条条浮桥。
02:19
Incredibly resilient,
40
127125
1518
它异常地坚韧，
02:20
because if there's an unseasonal downpour
or if the river changes course,
or if the river changes course,
41
128667
5059
就算遇上反季节的暴雨
或者河流改道，
或者河流改道，
02:25
the urban system stays intact,
42
133750
1809
这个城市系统仍能保持完好无损，
02:27
the city adjusts itself to this terrain
which can be volatile.
which can be volatile.
43
135583
4500
这个城市会调整自己
来暂时适应这种地势。
来暂时适应这种地势。
02:33
It also replicates all forms of physical,
as well as social, infrastructure.
as well as social, infrastructure.
44
141792
5976
同时它也复制了城市里
该有的物理和社会基础设施。
该有的物理和社会基础设施。
02:39
Water supply, sewage, electricity,
45
147792
2892
用水供给、下水道、电气，
02:42
there are 1,400 CCTV cameras
that are used for security
that are used for security
46
150708
5393
还有1400台用于安保的闭路电视
02:48
by an entire station that is set up.
47
156125
3851
就在搭建起来的电路站之上。
02:52
But also social infrastructure,
48
160000
2434
同时还有社会基础设施，
02:54
like clinics, hospitals,
49
162458
2685
如诊所、医院，
02:57
all sorts of community services,
50
165167
2226
各种各样的社区服务，
02:59
that make this function
like any real megacity would do.
like any real megacity would do.
51
167417
4476
使之如真正的特大城市那样运转起来。
03:03
10,500 sweepers
are employed by the city.
are employed by the city.
52
171917
6101
这座城市还雇佣了10500名清洁工。
03:10
It has a governance system,
a Mela Adhikari,
a Mela Adhikari,
53
178042
2351
它还有自己的管理系统，
一个Mela Adhikari，
一个Mela Adhikari，
03:12
or the commissioner of the festival,
54
180417
2101
也可以叫做节庆的行政长官，
03:14
that ensures that land is allocated,
55
182542
2392
以确保土地被合理分配利用，
03:16
there are systems for all of this,
56
184958
1643
有各种系统支撑城市，
03:18
that the system of the city, the mobility,
all works efficiently.
all works efficiently.
57
186625
4375
确保城市系统和流动性
都能高效运转。
都能高效运转。
03:23
You know, it was the cleanest
and the most efficient Indian city
and the most efficient Indian city
58
191833
5101
那是我住过的最干净、最高效
03:28
I've lived in.
59
196958
1268
的印度城市。
（笑声）
03:30
(Laughter)
60
198250
2375
03:33
And that's what it looks like
in comparison to Manhattan,
in comparison to Manhattan,
61
201583
2851
这是它跟曼哈顿的对比照，
03:36
30 square kilometers,
62
204458
2018
30平方千米，
03:38
that's the scale of the city.
63
206500
2934
这就是这个城市的规模。
03:41
And this is not an informal city
or a pop-up city.
or a pop-up city.
64
209458
3976
这不是一个不规范的城市
也不是一个快闪的城市，
也不是一个快闪的城市，
03:45
This is a formal city,
this is a state enterprise,
this is a state enterprise,
65
213458
3351
这是一个规范的城市，一个国家企业，
03:48
the government sets this up.
66
216833
2518
由政府一手建立的。
03:51
In today's world
of neoliberalism and capitalism,
of neoliberalism and capitalism,
67
219375
3518
今天新自由主义和资本主义大行其道，
03:54
where the state has devolved itself
complete responsibility
complete responsibility
68
222917
3976
国家已经发展成了
03:58
from making and designing cities,
69
226917
2767
为城市的设计和建立全权负责，
04:01
this is an incredible case.
70
229708
1310
这是一个非凡的案例。
04:03
It's a deliberate,
intentional city, a formal city.
intentional city, a formal city.
71
231042
3500
这个城市是深思熟虑的，
有意打造的，规范有序的。
有意打造的，规范有序的。
04:07
And it's a city that sits
on the ground very lightly.
on the ground very lightly.
72
235708
4060
这个城市只是搭建于地表之上。
04:11
It sits on the banks of these rivers.
73
239792
2851
它建立在河床之上。
04:14
And it leaves very little mark.
74
242667
2976
几乎不留一丝痕迹。
04:17
There are no foundations;
75
245667
1767
没有任何根基；
04:19
fabric is used to build this entire city.
76
247458
3084
整个城市是用织物搭建起来的。
04:23
What's also quite incredible
77
251458
3351
同样令人惊奇的是
04:26
is that there are five materials
that are used to build this settlement
that are used to build this settlement
78
254833
4601
打造这个供700万人生活的城市
04:31
for seven million people:
79
259458
1934
只用到了五种材料：
04:33
eight-foot tall bamboo, string or rope,
80
261416
3102
8英尺长的竹子、绳索、
04:36
nails or screw and a skinning material.
81
264542
2601
钉子或螺钉，以及一种表面材料。
04:39
Could be corrugated metal,
a fabric or plastic.
a fabric or plastic.
82
267167
3726
可能是波纹金属，织物或者塑料。
04:42
And these materials
come together and aggregate.
come together and aggregate.
83
270917
3642
这些材料结合在一起，
04:46
It's like a kit of parts.
84
274583
1768
就像是一套零件，
04:48
And it's used all the way
from a small tent,
from a small tent,
85
276375
3559
可用于城市的所有地方，从小小的帐篷，
04:51
which might house
five or six people, or a family,
five or six people, or a family,
86
279958
3018
可容纳5到6个人或者一个小家庭，
04:55
to temples that can house 500,
sometimes 1,000 people.
sometimes 1,000 people.
87
283000
3851
到能容纳500人，
甚至上千人的庙宇。
甚至上千人的庙宇。
04:58
And this kit of parts,
and this imagination of the city,
and this imagination of the city,
88
286875
3768
这套零件或者说
这个城市的设想，
这个城市的设想，
05:02
allows it to be disassembled.
89
290667
3142
能允许它被快速拆卸。
05:05
And so at the end
of the festival, within a week,
of the festival, within a week,
90
293833
2601
到了节庆的尾声，在一周之内，
05:08
the entire city is disassembled.
91
296458
2143
整个城市就能被拆卸。
05:10
These are again images from the same spot.
92
298625
2559
这都是同一个地点的照片。
05:13
And the terrain
is offered back to the river,
is offered back to the river,
93
301208
2768
当季风来临，河水再次上涨的时候，
05:16
as with the monsoon
the water swells again.
the water swells again.
94
304000
3059
整个地带再次被河流淹没。
05:19
And it's this sort of imagination
as a kit of parts
as a kit of parts
95
307083
2518
这是一种把城市变成一套零件的设想，
05:21
that allows this disassembly
96
309625
1726
能够被拆卸，
05:23
and the reabsorption of all this material.
97
311375
2476
让所有材料得到回收再利用。
05:25
So the electricity poles
go to little villages in the hinterland,
go to little villages in the hinterland,
98
313875
3934
电线杆会被送到内陆的小村庄，
05:29
the pontoon bridges
are used in small towns,
are used in small towns,
99
317833
2435
浮桥则用在小城镇，
05:32
the material is all reabsorbed.
100
320292
2351
这些材料全被再回收。
05:34
Fascinating, it's amazing.
101
322667
1958
令人啧啧称奇，非常棒。
05:37
Now, you may embrace
these Hindu beliefs or not.
these Hindu beliefs or not.
102
325875
3851
你也许不太相信印度教信仰。
05:41
But you know, this is a stunning example,
103
329750
2601
但这是个神奇的例子，
05:44
and it's worthy of reflection.
104
332375
2226
值得人深思。
05:46
Here, human beings spend an enormous
amount of energy and imagination
amount of energy and imagination
105
334625
6059
在这里，人们耗费了
巨大的力量与想象力，
巨大的力量与想象力，
05:52
knowing that the city is going to reverse,
106
340708
2226
深知这个城市将会被逆转，
05:54
it's going to be disassembled,
107
342958
1643
将会被拆卸，
05:56
it's going to disappear,
108
344625
2184
将会消失，
05:58
it's the ephemeral megacity.
109
346833
2375
这是个短暂的特大城市，
06:02
And it has profound lessons to teach us.
110
350375
2601
给我们上了一堂宝贵的课。
06:05
Lessons about how to touch
the ground lightly,
the ground lightly,
111
353000
2851
这是一堂有关于如何
尽可能靠近地表打造建筑，
尽可能靠近地表打造建筑，
06:07
about reversibility,
112
355875
2476
关于逆转，
06:10
about disassembly.
113
358375
1500
关于拆卸，
06:12
Rather amazing.
114
360958
1250
令人惊奇万分。
06:16
And you know, we are, as humans,
obsessed with permanence.
obsessed with permanence.
115
364042
3892
要知道作为人类，我们都沉迷于永恒。
06:19
We resist change.
116
367958
2125
我们抗拒改变。
06:23
It's an impulse that we all have.
117
371042
2351
这是一种所有人共有的天性。
06:25
And we resist change in spite of the fact
118
373417
2851
我们抗拒改变，哪怕事实上
06:28
that change is perhaps
the only constant in our lives.
the only constant in our lives.
119
376292
3559
改变才是我们生活中的常态。
06:31
Everything has an expiry date,
120
379875
2268
所有东西都有期限，
06:34
including Spaceship Earth, our planet.
121
382167
3208
包括宇宙飞船一样的地球，
也就是我们的星球。
也就是我们的星球。
06:38
So what can we learn
from these sorts of settlements?
from these sorts of settlements?
122
386500
3809
那我们从这些建造过程中
能学到什么呢？
能学到什么呢？
06:42
Burning Man, of course much smaller,
123
390333
2351
就如火人节，规模要更小一些，
06:44
but reversible.
124
392708
2060
但是同样能逆转。
06:46
Or the thousands of markets
for transaction,
for transaction,
125
394792
2976
或者出现在全球各地的
06:49
that appear around the globe
126
397792
2392
成千上万的交易市场，
06:52
in Asia, Latin America, Africa,
this one in Mexico,
this one in Mexico,
127
400208
3435
在亚洲、拉丁美洲、非洲，
图中这个在墨西哥，
图中这个在墨西哥，
06:55
where the parking lots are animated
on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors,
on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors,
128
403667
4601
一到周末停车场就被调用起来，
可以容纳5万个摊位，
可以容纳5万个摊位，
07:00
but on a temporal cycle.
129
408292
1666
这只是一个临时的区域。
07:02
The farmer's market in the Americas:
130
410792
2642
美洲大陆上的农贸市场：
07:05
it's an amazing phenomenon,
creates new chemistries,
creates new chemistries,
131
413458
4018
这是一种不可思议的现象，
催化出了新的化学反应，
催化出了新的化学反应，
07:09
extends the margin of space
132
417500
2184
使得空间得以延伸，
07:11
that is unused or not used optimally,
like parking lots, for example.
like parking lots, for example.
133
419708
3959
这是未被使用或者
未被充分利用的地方，如停车场。
未被充分利用的地方，如停车场。
07:17
In my own city of Mumbai,
134
425292
1476
在我的城市孟买，
07:18
where I practice
as an architect and a planner,
as an architect and a planner,
135
426792
3101
我是一名建筑师，一名规划师，
07:21
I see this in the everyday landscape.
136
429917
2601
我每天都能看到这样的景色。
07:24
I call this the Kinetic City.
137
432542
1934
我称之为“动态城市”。
07:26
It twitches like a live organism;
it's not static.
it's not static.
138
434500
3226
她像一个活生生的、转变中的
有机体，并不是静态的，
有机体，并不是静态的，
07:29
It changes every day,
139
437750
1809
每天都在变化，
07:31
on sometimes predictable cycles.
140
439583
2601
以一种偶尔能被预测的周期在变化。
07:34
About six million people
141
442208
1643
大概有600万人口
07:35
live in these kinds
of temporary settlements.
of temporary settlements.
142
443875
3476
生活在这种临时的建筑中。
07:39
Like -- unfortunately, like refugee camps,
143
447375
3143
举一个不太恰当的例子：类似难民营、
07:42
the slums of Mumbai,
the favelas of Latin America.
the favelas of Latin America.
144
450542
3517
孟买的贫民窟、拉丁美洲的贫民窟。
07:46
Here, the temporary
is becoming the new permanent.
is becoming the new permanent.
145
454083
3726
在那些地方，临时正成为
一种新的永恒。
一种新的永恒。
07:49
Here, urbanism is not about grand vision,
146
457833
4310
在那里，城市化并不是宏大的愿景，
07:54
it's about grand adjustment.
147
462167
2458
而是宏大的调整。
07:57
On the street in Mumbai,
during the Ganesh festival,
during the Ganesh festival,
148
465625
4434
甘奈施节期间，在孟买的街道上
08:02
a transformation.
149
470083
1518
会出现一个转变。
08:03
A community hall is created for 10 days.
150
471625
3101
一个为期10天的社区大堂建了起来，
08:06
Bollywood films are shown,
151
474750
1976
放映着宝莱坞电影，
08:08
thousands congregate
for dinners and celebration.
for dinners and celebration.
152
476750
3309
成千上万的人聚在一起吃饭，庆祝。
08:12
It's made out of paper-mache
and plaster of Paris.
and plaster of Paris.
153
480083
3060
这栋建筑是由纸浆和石膏做成的，
08:15
Designed to be disassembled,
154
483167
1976
可被拆卸的设计，
08:17
and in 10 days, overnight, it disappears,
155
485167
3017
十天以后，一夜之间消失不见，
08:20
and the street goes back to anonymity.
156
488208
2726
街道又恢复如初。
08:22
Or our wonderful open spaces,
we call them maidans.
we call them maidans.
157
490958
3685
又或者是那种美好的
开放空间，被称为广场，
开放空间，被称为广场，
08:26
And it's used for this
incredibly nuanced and complicated,
incredibly nuanced and complicated,
158
494667
4601
用作板球运动的场地。
板球是一种非常微妙又复杂的，
板球是一种非常微妙又复杂的，
08:31
fascinating Indian game, called cricket,
159
499292
2892
非常好玩的印度游戏，
08:34
which, I believe, the British invented.
160
502208
1893
我相信是英国人发明的。
08:36
(Laughter)
161
504125
1143
（笑声）
08:37
And in the evenings,
162
505292
2767
傍晚时分，
08:40
a wedding wraps around
the cricket pitch --
the cricket pitch --
163
508083
2018
一场婚礼围绕在球场展开——
08:42
Notice, the cricket pitch
is not touched, it's sacred ground.
is not touched, it's sacred ground.
164
510125
2857
请注意，板球场不能被碰到，
那可是神圣的领域。
那可是神圣的领域。
08:45
(Laughter)
165
513006
1345
（笑声）
08:46
But here, the club members
and the wedding party
and the wedding party
166
514375
3518
但是在那里，球队和婚礼派对
08:49
partake in tea through a common kitchen.
167
517917
2641
在一个共同的厨房里一起喝茶。
08:52
And at midnight, it's disassembled,
168
520582
2936
午夜的时候场地就会被拆卸，
08:55
and the space offered back to the city.
169
523542
3017
把占用的空间归还给城市。
08:58
Here, urbanism is an elastic condition.
170
526583
2584
在这里，城市化是一种弹性的条件。
09:02
And so, if we reflect
about these questions,
about these questions,
171
530583
3268
如果我们回想一下这些问题，
09:05
I mean, I think many come to mind.
172
533875
2518
可能脑海里会浮现好几个。
09:08
But an important one is,
173
536417
2476
但是最重要的一个就是，
09:10
are we really, in our cities,
174
538917
1726
在我们的城市里，我们是否
09:12
in our imagination about urbanism,
175
540667
2726
凭着我们对城市化的设想，
09:15
making permanent solutions
for temporary problems?
for temporary problems?
176
543417
4517
想要用永恒的方法来解决一时的问题？
09:19
Are we locking resources into paradigms
177
547958
2976
我们是否把资源固定成一种范式，
09:22
that we don't even know
will be relevant in a decade?
will be relevant in a decade?
178
550958
3476
甚至并不知道十年之后是否依然有用？
09:26
This becomes, I think,
179
554458
1268
这是在这项研究中，
09:27
an interesting question
that arises from this research.
that arises from this research.
180
555750
3601
我提出的一个有趣的问题。
09:31
I mean, look at the abandoned
shopping malls in North America,
shopping malls in North America,
181
559375
3184
看看在北美郊区那些被遗弃的
09:34
suburban North America.
182
562583
1435
购物广场。
09:36
Retail experts have predicted
that in the next decade,
that in the next decade,
183
564042
4101
零售专家预测在10年之后，
09:40
of the 2,000 malls that exist today,
184
568167
2851
现存的2000个购物广场中，
09:43
50 percent will be abandoned.
185
571042
2267
百分之五十会被遗弃。
09:45
Massive amount of material,
capturing resources,
capturing resources,
186
573333
4768
这里面庞大的材料，获取的资源，
09:50
that will not be relevant soon.
187
578125
2417
很快就没用了。
09:53
Or the Olympic stadiums.
188
581292
1851
或者世界各地的
09:55
Around the globe, cities build these
189
583167
2642
奥林匹克竞技场，各大城市动用
09:57
under great contestation
with massive resources,
with massive resources,
190
585833
3185
庞大的资源竞相建造，
10:01
but after the games go,
191
589042
1976
但是奥运会一过，
10:03
they can't often
get absorbed into the city.
get absorbed into the city.
192
591042
2434
这些竞技场往往不能融入到城市。
10:05
Couldn't these be
nomadic structures, deflatable,
nomadic structures, deflatable,
193
593500
3434
为什么我们不能将其变成
可移动的、可收缩的建筑，
可移动的、可收缩的建筑，
10:08
we have the technology for that,
194
596958
1810
我们有这样的技术，
10:10
that get gifted to smaller towns
around the world or in those countries,
around the world or in those countries,
195
598792
4351
把它送给下届主办国
或世界上其他更小的城镇，
或世界上其他更小的城镇，
10:15
or are stored and moved
for the next Olympics?
for the next Olympics?
196
603167
4809
又或者收藏起来移交到下一场奥运会？
10:20
A massive, inefficient use of resources.
197
608000
3833
这个资源利用庞大且低效。
10:24
Like the circus.
198
612667
1309
其实就像马戏团一样。
10:26
I mean, we could imagine it
like the circus,
like the circus,
199
614000
2101
我们可以把她想象成一个马戏团，
10:28
this wonderful institution
that used to camp in cities,
that used to camp in cities,
200
616125
2851
这个过去驻扎在城市的美好的设施，
10:31
set up this lovely kind of visual dialogue
with the static city.
with the static city.
201
619000
4893
在静态的城市中所建立起的
美好的视觉对话，
美好的视觉对话，
10:35
And within it, the amazement.
202
623917
2684
其中充斥着一种惊奇。
10:38
Children of different ethnic groups
become suddenly aware of each other,
become suddenly aware of each other,
203
626625
4934
不同民族的孩子们
突然发现对方的存在，
突然发现对方的存在，
10:43
people of color become aware of others,
204
631583
2143
不同肤色的人们意识到其他人的存在，
10:45
income groups and cultures and ethnicities
205
633750
3143
不同收入群体、不同文化、
不同民族的人们
不同民族的人们
10:48
all come together around the amazement
of the ring with animals and performers.
of the ring with animals and performers.
206
636917
5476
相聚在有动物和表演者的，
令人惊叹的马戏场周围。
令人惊叹的马戏场周围。
10:54
New chemistries are created,
people become aware of things,
people become aware of things,
207
642417
3267
新的化学反应产生，人们有所发现，
10:57
and this moves on to the next town.
208
645708
3060
而这一切将传递到下一个城镇。
11:00
Or nature, the fluxes of nature,
climate change,
climate change,
209
648792
3559
或者大自然，流动的自然，气候变化，
11:04
how do we deal with this,
can we be more accommodating?
can we be more accommodating?
210
652375
3559
我们是怎样处理的呢，
我们可否变得更适应变化？
我们可否变得更适应变化？
11:07
Can we create softer urban systems?
211
655958
2643
我们可否创造更柔软的城市系统？
11:10
Or are we going to challenge
nature continuously
nature continuously
212
658625
2601
还是说我们是否会
沿用那些刻板的基础建设，
沿用那些刻板的基础建设，
11:13
with heavy infrastructure,
213
661250
1601
用已经在进行却不太成功的方式
11:14
which we are already doing,
unsuccessfully?
unsuccessfully?
214
662875
2792
继续不断挑战自然？
11:18
Now, I'm not arguing
215
666625
1476
我不是在争辩
11:20
that we've got to make
our cities like a circus,
our cities like a circus,
216
668125
2434
要把自己的城市变成马戏团，
11:22
I'm not arguing that cities
must be completely temporary.
must be completely temporary.
217
670583
3435
也不是在劝说
城市都应该全变成临时的。
城市都应该全变成临时的。
11:26
I'm only making a plea
218
674042
1601
我只是在提出一个请求，
11:27
that we need to make a shift
in our imagination about cities,
in our imagination about cities,
219
675667
3017
应该转变一下我们对城市的设想，
11:30
where we need to reserve more space
220
678708
3018
我们需要保留更多的空间，
11:33
for uses on a temporal scale.
221
681750
2934
保留一些供临时用途的空间。
11:36
Where we need to use
our resources efficiently,
our resources efficiently,
222
684708
3101
在这些空间里我们需要
有效地利用资源，
有效地利用资源，
11:39
to extend the expiry date of our planet.
223
687833
2810
去延长我们星球的寿命。
11:42
We need to change planning
urban design cultures,
urban design cultures,
224
690667
3101
我们需要改变对城市设计文化的规划，
11:45
to think of the temporal, the reversible,
225
693792
2809
想想那些临时的、可逆转的，
11:48
the disassembleable.
226
696625
1809
可拆卸的规划。
11:50
And that can be tremendous
227
698458
2143
这样的规划可能意义重大，
11:52
in terms of the effect
it might have on our lives.
it might have on our lives.
228
700625
3458
就其影响力而言，
可能影响我们的生活。
可能影响我们的生活。
11:56
I often think back to the Kumbh Mela
229
704917
2934
我常常回想起我和学生们
11:59
that I visited with
my students and I studied,
my students and I studied,
230
707875
2143
一起参加的大壶节，
我在那里做研究，
我在那里做研究，
12:02
and this was a moment
where the city had been disassembled.
where the city had been disassembled.
231
710042
4184
当时正值整个城市被拆卸之后，
12:06
A week after the festival was over.
232
714250
1851
就在节庆结束的一周后。
12:08
There was no mark.
233
716125
1268
并没有留下任何痕迹。
12:09
The terrain was waiting
to be covered over by the water,
to be covered over by the water,
234
717417
4059
整个地带正等待着被河水淹没，
12:13
to be consumed.
235
721500
1268
等待被吞噬。
12:14
And I went to thank a high priestess
236
722792
2767
我去向一名女祭司道谢，
12:17
who had helped us and my students
through our research
through our research
237
725583
3643
在研究期间她帮助了
我和学生的研究，
我和学生的研究，
12:21
and facilitated us through this process.
238
729250
3601
指导着我们经历整个节庆过程。
12:24
And I went to her with great enthusiasm,
239
732875
2268
我满怀热情走向她，
12:27
and I told her about
how much we had learned
how much we had learned
240
735167
2101
我跟她说我们学习到了很多东西，
12:29
about infrastructure, the city,
the efficiency of the city,
the efficiency of the city,
241
737292
3601
有关于基础设施、城市、
还有城市的运转效率，
还有城市的运转效率，
12:32
the architecture, the five materials
that made the city.
that made the city.
242
740917
3101
建筑物、打造城市的五种材料。
12:36
She looked really amused, she was smiling.
243
744042
2642
她看起来像是被逗乐了，微笑着。
12:38
In any case, she leaned forward
244
746708
2810
她开始身体前倾，
12:41
and put her hand on my head to bless me.
245
749542
3351
把一只手放在我头上，予以我祝福。
12:44
And she whispered in my ear, she said,
246
752917
3601
接着她在我耳旁小声说道，
12:48
"Feel blessed that the Mother Ganges
247
756542
3059
“恒河母亲允许你们
12:51
allowed you all to sit in her lap
for a few days."
for a few days."
248
759625
4667
在她的膝盖上待上几天，
这是对你们的眷顾。”
这是对你们的眷顾。”
12:57
I've often thought about this,
249
765375
2309
自那以后我常常回想起这句话，
12:59
and of course, I understood what she said.
250
767708
2893
当然我懂她的意思。
13:02
She said, cities, people,
architecture will come and go,
architecture will come and go,
251
770625
3851
她说的是，城市、人类和
建筑都要经历生死轮回，
建筑都要经历生死轮回，
13:06
but the planet is here to stay.
252
774500
2042
只有星球是一直存在的。
13:09
Touch it lightly, leave a minimal mark.
253
777625
3976
轻轻触碰，几乎不着痕迹。
13:13
And I think that's an important lesson
for us as citizens and architects.
for us as citizens and architects.
254
781625
4434
我想这对于作为居民和建筑师
的大众来说是很重要的一课。
的大众来说是很重要的一课。
13:18
And I think it was this experience
255
786083
2601
我想正是这段经历
13:20
that made me believe that impermanence
is bigger than permanence
is bigger than permanence
256
788708
6351
让我相信暂时的状态比永恒更重要，
13:27
and bigger than us all.
257
795083
1268
比我们所有人都重要。
13:28
Thank you for listening.
258
796375
1518
谢谢你们的聆听。
（掌声）
13:29
(Applause)
259
797917
6083
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rahul Mehrotra - Architect, urbanistRahul Mehrotra is an architect working in India who focuses on institutional buildings and conservation of historic places. He is also a professor at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.
Why you should listen
Rahul Mehrotra is an architect working from Mumbai and Boston, where he also teaches at Harvard University. His work covers a range of buildings, from houses to institutional to office buildings. A recent project was a housing estate for 100 elephants and their caretakers in Jaipur, India.
Mehrotra is passionate about writing. He's written several books on the history and architecture of Mumbai, including Architecture In India Since 1990. He's also written on urbanism in India and is currently working on a book on his experiences as a practitioner in India.
Rahul Mehrotra | Speaker | TED.com