TEDGlobal 2009
Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe
Marc Koska: 1,3 milijuna razloga za izum nove šprice
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Višestruka uporaba šprica, sasvim uobičajena u klinikama s nedostatnim financiranjem, ubija 1,3 milijuna ljudi svake godine. Marc Koska nas uvodi u ovaj razorni globalni problem pomoću činjenica, fotografija i skrivene kamere. Nudi i svoje rješenje: jeftinu špricu koja se ne može koristiti dvaput.
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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Prije dvadeset pet i četvrt godina pročitao sam
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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novinski članak u kojem je pisalo
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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da će injekcije jednoga dana biti
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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jedan od glavnih uzroka širenja SIDA-e,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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prijenosa SIDA-e.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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Pomislio sam kako je to neprihvatljivo. Pa sam odlučio učiniti nešto oko toga.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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Nažalost, ostvarilo se. Malarija, kao što svi znamo,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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ubija približno milijun ljudi godišnje.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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Višestruka uporaba šprica sada to premašuje
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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i ubija 1,3 milijuna ljudi godišnje.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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Ova djevojčica i njezin prijatelj
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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koje sam upoznao u sirotištu u Delhiju,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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bili su HIV pozitivni zbog šprice.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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Ono što je toliko tužno u ovoj priči je
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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da ih su njihovi roditelji, kad su to otkrili,
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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a ne zaboravite, roditelji su ih odveli k doktoru,
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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roditelji su ih izbacili na ulicu.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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I tako su završili u sirotištu.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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I tako to počinje u situacijama poput ove gdje
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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imate obučene ili neobučene medicinare koji,
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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naslijepo nekome daju injekciju.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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A injekcija je toliko dragocjena,
01:21
that the people basically trust
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da ljudi, u principu, vjeruju
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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da će liječnik, koji je skoro Bog, što sam čuo mnogo puta,
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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učiniti pravu stvar. Ali oni to ne čine.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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I vi razumijete, očito, problem prijenosa
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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među ljudima u područjima s puno virusa.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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Ovaj video smo snimili potajno,
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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i on prikazuje, u razdoblju od pola sata,
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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pladanj s lijekovima i 42 ampule.
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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Lijekovi se ubrizgavaju sa samo 2 šprice u javnoj bolnici u Indiji.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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I tijekom pola sata, nismo snimili niti jednu
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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novu špricu izvađenu iz zaštitne folije.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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Počeli su s dvije i završili su s dvije.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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I vidjet ćete, baš sad, kako medicinska sestra dolazi do pladnja,
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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koji je kod njih nešto kao modularna stanica,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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i baca špricu koju je upravo upotrijebila
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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natrag na pladanj kako bi je se moglo ponovno uzeti i upotrijebiti.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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Pa možete zamisliti red veličina ovog problema.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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U stvari, samo u Indiji, 62 posto
02:12
of all injections given
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svih injekcija koje se daju
02:14
are unsafe.
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nije sigurno.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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Ova djeca u Pakistanu ne idu u školu.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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Oni su sretnici. Već imaju posao.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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A taj posao se sastoji u tome da obilaze i skupljaju šprice
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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iza bolnica,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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peru ih i, dok to rade,
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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dok ih skupljaju se i samo ozlijede.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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Zatim ih ponovno zapakiraju i prodaju na tržnici
02:32
for literally more money
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po doslovno većoj cijeni
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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nego što košta sterilna šprica. Što je sasvim bizarno.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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Na ovoj zanimljivoj fotografiji, njihov otac, dok razgovaramo s njim,
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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podiže špricu i ubada se u prst --
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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ne znam možete li vidjeti kap krvi na vrhu --
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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i smjesta vadi kutiju šibica,
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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pali šibicu i pali krv na vrhu svoga prsta,
02:51
giving me full assurance
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uvjeravajući me sigurno
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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da je to način na koji sprečavate prijenos HIV-a.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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U Kini, recikliranje je glavna stvar.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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Skupljaju ih masovno – ovdje možete vidjeti red veličina --
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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i sortiraju, rukom, prema pravim veličinama,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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i zatim ih vraćaju na ulicu.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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Tako da su reciklaža i ponovno korištenje
03:13
are the major issues here.
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glavni problemi ovdje.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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Ima jedna zanimljiva anegdota koju sam otkrio u Indoneziji.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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U svim školama u Indoneziji,
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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na igralištu obično postoji prodavatelj igračaka.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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Prodavatelj igračaka, u ovom slučaju,
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
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imao je šprice, što je uobičajeno,
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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odmah do lopata, što je svakako
03:28
what you would expect.
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ono što biste očekivali.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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Šprice koriste, pod odmorom, kao vodene pištolje.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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Špricaju njima jedni druge. Što je lijepo i nedužno.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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I dobro se zabavljaju.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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Ali također i piju iz njih
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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pod odmorom, jer je vruće.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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Špricaju vodu u usta.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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a šprice pritom imaju vidljive ostatke krvi.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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Dakle, trebamo bolji proizvod. Trebamo i bolje informacije.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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Ja mislim, ako mogu samo posuditi ovaj foto aparat,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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Htio sam vam pokazati izum,
03:57
which I came up with.
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do kojega sam došao.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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Ovo je uobičajena šprica.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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Napunite je na uobičajen način. Ovo se izrađuje
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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postojećom opremom u 14 tvornica kojima dajemo licencu.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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Date injekciju i spustite je.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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Ako je netko pokuša ponovno koristiti,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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ona se zaglavi i slomi.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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Ovo je vrlo, vrlo jednostavno. Hvala vam.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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A košta jednako kao i obična šprica.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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U usporedbi s njom, Coca-Cola
04:24
is 10 times the price.
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košta 10 puta više.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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Ovo će spriječiti višestruko korištenje šprica 20 ili 30 puta.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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A vlasnik sam i humanitarne informacijske agencije
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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koja u Indiji obavlja posao velikog opsega.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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I vrlo smo ponosni što ljudima pružamo informacije
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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kako mala djeca poput ove ne bi činila glupe stvari.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam lijepa.
04:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - InventorMarc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.
Why you should listen
In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.
Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com