ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.

Why you should listen

In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.

Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.

More profile about the speaker
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2009

Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe

Marc Koska: 1.3m de razões para reinventar a seringa.

Filmed:
698,306 views

Reuso de seringas, muito comum em clínicas com poucos recursos, mata 1.3 milhões a cada ano.Marc Kosha nos chama atenção sobre esse problema devastador através de fatos, fotos e vídeos filmados secretamente.Ele compartilha sua solução: uma seringa com baixo custo impossível de ser reusada.
- Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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Vinte e cinco anos e um quarto atrás lí
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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uma reportagem em um jornal que
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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um dia seringas seriam
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one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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uma das maiores causas do contágio da AIDS,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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a transmissão da AIDS,
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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Achei isso inaceitável. Então decidi fazer algo sobre isso.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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Infelizmente, é verdade. Malária, como conhecemos,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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mata aproximadamente um milhão de pessoas por ano.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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O reuso de seringas agora excede isso
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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e mata 1.3 milhões de pessoas por ano.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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Essa jovem e seu amigo
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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que conheci em um orfanato em Delhi,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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eram HIV positivos por causa de uma seringa.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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E o que é mais triste sobre esse caso
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was that once their parents had found out --
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foi que a partir do momento que seus pais descobriram,
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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e não se esqueçam, seus pais os levaram ao médico,
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the parents threw them out on the street.
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os pais os jogaram no olho da rua.
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And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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E logo acabaram em um orfanato.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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E através de situações como essa quando
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you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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você tem técnicos experientes ou não,
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blindly giving an injection to someone.
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cegamente dando injeções em alguém.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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E as injeções são tão preciosas,
01:21
that the people basically trust
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que as pessoas basicamente confiam
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the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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no doutor, como um segundo Deus, já ouvi isso várias vezes,
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to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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para fazer a coisa certa. Mas, na realidade eles não são.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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E pode entender, obviamente, a transmissão do problema
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between people in high-virus areas.
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entre pessoas e áreas de alto risco.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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Filmamos esse vídeo escondido,
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which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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que mostra por um período de meia hora,
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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uma bandeja de remédios com 42 ampolas.
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which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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Que estão sendo aplicadas com somente 2 seringas em um hospital público na Índia.
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And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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E por meia hora, nem uma seringa
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was filmed being unwrapped.
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foi filmada sendo aberta.
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They started with two and they ended with two.
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Começaram com duas e terminaram com duas.
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And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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E vocês verão agora, uma enfermeira voltando à bandeja,
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which is their sort of modular station,
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que é uma forma de estação modular,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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e deixando a seringa que acabou de usar
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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de volta na bandeja para ser apanhada e usada novamente.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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Então pode imaginar a escala do problema.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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E diga-se de passagem, somente na Índia, 62%
02:12
of all injections given
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de todas as injeções dadas
02:14
are unsafe.
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não são seguras.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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Estas crianças no Parkistão não vão à escola.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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São sortudas. Elas já têm empregos.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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E trabalham catando seringas
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from the back of hospitals,
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do lixo hospitalar,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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lavando-nas, e durante esse processo,
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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acabam se furando.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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E depois eles as embalam e vendem no mercado
02:32
for literally more money
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por literalmente mais dinheiro
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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que uma seringa esterelizada, para começar. O que é bem bizarro.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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Em uma foto interessante, seu pai, enquanto falávamos com ele,
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picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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pegou uma seringa e furou seu dedo--
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I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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não sei se conseguem ver a gota de sangue no final--
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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e imediatamente tirou uma caixa de fósforos,
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lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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acendeu um, e queimou o sangue da ponta de seu dedo,
02:51
giving me full assurance
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tendo total certeza
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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que essa era a forma de se evitar a transmissão do HIV.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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Na China, reciclagem é um tema importante.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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E são recolhidas em massa--pode-se ver a escala disso aqui--
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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e separadas, à mão, de acordo com seu tamanho,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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e depois voltam para as ruas.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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Então reciclagem e reuso
03:13
are the major issues here.
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são os pricipais temas aqui.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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Mas houve um episódio interessante que encontrei na Indonésia.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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Nas escolas na Indonésia,
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there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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há normalmente um vendedor de brinquedos no playground.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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O vendedor de brinquedos, neste caso,
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had syringes, which they usually do,
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tinha seringas, o que é comum,
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next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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ao lado das pazinhas, que obviamente
03:28
what you would expect.
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é o que poderia se esperar.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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E eles as usam, no recreio, como pistolas de água.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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Eles jogam água um no outro. Que é adorável e inocente.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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E se divertem bastante.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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Mas também bebem água delas
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while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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enquanto estão no recreio, por que faz calor.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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E jogam água em suas bocas.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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E são usadas com traços visívies de sangue.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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Precisamos de um produto melhor. E precisamos de informações melhores.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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E acho, se puder pegar essa câmera emprestada,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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vou mostrar-lhes minha invenção,
03:57
which I came up with.
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que eu criei.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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Então, é uma seringa normal aparentemente.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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Ela é carregada normalmente. Isto é feito
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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com equipamento já existentes, em 14 fábricas que licenciamos.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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Você dá a injeção e depois a descarta.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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Se alguém tentar reusar,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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ela trava e depois quebra.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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É muito muito simples. Obrigado.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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E custa o mesmo que uma seringa normal.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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E para comparar, uma Coca-Cola
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is 10 times the price.
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é 10 vezes o seu preço.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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E isso vai acabar com o reuso de seringas por 20 ou 30 vezes.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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E tenho uma instituição de caridade sobre informação
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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que tem feito trabalho em larga escala na Índia.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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E estamos muito orgulhosos em dar informação às pessoas.
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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Para que criancinhas assim não façam besteiras.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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Muito obrigado.
04:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Belucio Haibara
Reviewed by Giuliano Giordano

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.

Why you should listen

In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.

Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.

More profile about the speaker
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com

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