TEDGlobal 2009
Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe
Marc Koska: 1.3 milióna dôvodov na pretvorenie injekčnej striekačky
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
698,306 views
Opätovné používanie injekčných striekačiek je úplne bežné v klinikách bez finančných prostriedkov. Každý rok takto príde o život 1.3 milióna ľudí. Mark Koska nám prezentuje tento katastrofálny globálny problém s faktami, fotografiami a zábermi zo skrytej kamery. Poskytuje riešenie: lacná injekčná striekačka, ktorá sa dá použiť len jeden krát.
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
0
0
2000
Pred dvadsiatimi piatimi rokmi som čítal
00:20
a newspaper article which said
1
2000
2000
článok v novinách, v ktorom sa písalo,
00:22
that one day syringes would be
2
4000
3000
že jedného dňa injekčné striekačky
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
3
7000
2000
budú hlavným dôvodom šírenia AIDS,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
4
9000
2000
prenosu AIDS.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
5
11000
4000
Považoval som to za neprijateľné. Takže som sa rozhodol pre to niečo spraviť.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
6
15000
3000
Bohužiaľ, je to pravda. Malária, ako všetci vieme,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
7
18000
3000
zabíja približne jeden milión ľudí ročne.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
8
21000
2000
Opätovné používanie injekčných striekačiek toto číslo prekračuje
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
9
23000
5000
a zabíja 1.3 milióna ľudí ročne.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
10
28000
2000
Toto mladé dievča a jej kamarát,
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
11
30000
2000
ktorých som stretol v sirotinci v Delhi,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
12
32000
5000
boli HIV pozitívny vďaka injekčnej striekačke.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
13
37000
3000
Čo bolo obzvlášť smutné na tomto príbehu, je,
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
14
40000
3000
že len čo sa to dozvedeli rodičia --
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
15
43000
4000
a práve oni ich zobrali k doktorovi --
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
16
47000
2000
vyhodili ich von na ulicu.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
17
49000
3000
A preto skončili v sirotinci.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
18
52000
2000
A toto sú práve tie situácie, kde
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
19
54000
3000
máte buď skúsených alebo neskúsených lekárov,
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
20
57000
3000
ktorí zaslepene dávajú injekcie.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
21
60000
3000
A injekcia je tak cenná,
01:21
that the people basically trust
22
63000
2000
že ľudia v podstate dôverujú
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
23
65000
3000
doktorovi, hneď po Bohu, čo som počul veľa krát,
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
24
68000
3000
že robí správnu vec. Ale v skutočnosti to tak nie je.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
25
71000
2000
Určite chápete problém šírenia vírusu
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
26
73000
4000
medzi ľuďmi v infikovaných oblastiach.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
27
77000
2000
Toto video sme natočili tajne
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
28
79000
2000
a zachytáva podnos so 42 ampulkami
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
29
81000
4000
v priebehu pol hodiny,
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
30
85000
5000
pričom boli poskytnuté len s dvomi striekačkami vo verejnej nemocnici v Indii.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
31
90000
2000
V priebehu pol hodiny sme nezaznamenali
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
32
92000
2000
rozbalenie jedinej injekčnej striekačky.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
33
94000
3000
Začali s dvomi a taktiež aj s dvomi skončili.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
34
97000
3000
Práve môžete vidieť, ako sestrička prichádza späť k podnosu,
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
35
100000
3000
ktorý je akousi mobilnou stanicou,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
36
103000
3000
a odkladá striekačku, ktorú práve použila,
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
37
106000
3000
na podnos, aby mohla byť znovu použitá.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
38
109000
3000
Takže si viete predstaviť závažnosť tohto problému.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
39
112000
2000
Len v samotnej Indii 62 percent
02:12
of all injections given
40
114000
2000
všetkých injekcií
02:14
are unsafe.
41
116000
2000
je riskantných.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
42
118000
2000
Tieto deti z Pakistanu nechodia do školy.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
43
120000
2000
Majú šťastie, pretože už majú prácu.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
44
122000
2000
Chodia po okolí a zbierajú striekačky
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
45
124000
2000
za nemocnicami,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
46
126000
2000
umývajú ich a pri tom
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
47
128000
3000
sa sami samozrejme zrania.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
48
131000
3000
Potom ich znovu zabalia a predajú na trhu
02:32
for literally more money
49
134000
2000
za doslova viac peňazí
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
50
136000
3000
ako za sterilnú injekčnú striekačku. Čo je dosť bizarné.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
51
139000
3000
Na tejto fotke ich otec, zatiaľ čo sme sa s ním rozprávali,
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
52
142000
2000
zdvihol striekačku a pichol sa do prsta --
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
53
144000
3000
neviem, či vidíte kvapku krvi na konci prsta --
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
54
147000
3000
okamžite vytiahol krabičku zápaliek,
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
55
150000
3000
zapálil jednu a vypálil si krv z prsta.
02:51
giving me full assurance
56
153000
2000
Uisťoval ma,
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
57
155000
4000
že týmto spôsobom zabráni prenosu HIV.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
58
159000
4000
Recyklovanie v Číne je zásadným problémom.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
59
163000
3000
Hromadne zbierajú striekačky – tu môžete vidieť v akom rozsahu -
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
60
166000
4000
ručne ich triedia podľa veľkostí
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
61
170000
2000
a následne sa dostávajú naspať do ulíc.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
62
172000
3000
Takže recyklácia a ich znovu použitie
03:13
are the major issues here.
63
175000
2000
je závažným problémom.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
64
177000
3000
V Indonézií som sa stretol so zaujímavým príbehom.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
65
180000
2000
Vo všetkých školách v Indonézií
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
66
182000
2000
je predajňa hračiek na ihriskách.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
67
184000
2000
Predavač hračiek v tomto prípade
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
68
186000
2000
predával striekačky, čo je bežné
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
69
188000
2000
blízko robotníkov, čo by sme samozrejme
03:28
what you would expect.
70
190000
2000
aj očakávali.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
71
192000
2000
Deti ich používajú počas prestávky ako vodné pištole.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
72
194000
2000
Navzájom po sebe striekajú, čo je zábavné a nevinné.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
73
196000
2000
Nesmierne sa pritom bavia.
03:36
But they also drink from them
74
198000
2000
Taktiež z nich pijú vodu
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
75
200000
2000
počas prestávky, pretože im je teplo.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
76
202000
3000
A striekajú si vodu do úst.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
77
205000
5000
Používajú striekačky s viditeľnými stopami po krvi.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
78
210000
2000
Takže potrebujeme lepší produkt a lepšiu informovanosť.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
79
212000
5000
A pokiaľ môžem použiť túto kameru,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
80
217000
2000
ukážem Vám môj vynález,
03:57
which I came up with.
81
219000
3000
s ktorým som prišiel.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
82
222000
2000
Na prvý pohľad je to normálna striekačka.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
83
224000
2000
Bežným spôsobom ju naplníte. Vyrábajú sa
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
84
226000
4000
v 14-tich továrňach, ktoré licencujeme.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
85
230000
3000
Podáte injekciu a odložíte ju.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
86
233000
2000
Ak sa ju niekto pokúsi znova použiť,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
87
235000
2000
zablokuje sa a potom sa zlomí.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
88
237000
2000
Je to veľmi jednoduché. Ďakujem.
04:17
(Applause)
89
239000
3000
(Potlesk)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
90
242000
2000
Stojí toľko isto ako normálna striekačka.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
91
244000
2000
V porovnaní s Coca-Colou
04:24
is 10 times the price.
92
246000
2000
je desaťkráť lacnejšia.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
93
248000
3000
A to zabráni opakovanému používaniu striekačiek.
04:29
And I have an information charity
94
251000
2000
Založil som charitatívnu kampaň,
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
95
253000
4000
ktorá už spravila v Indií veľa práce.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
96
257000
3000
A sme veľmi hrdí, že informujeme ľudí,
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
97
260000
2000
takže malé deti, ako tieto, nerobia hlúpe veci.
04:40
Thank you very much.
98
262000
2000
Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
04:42
(Applause)
99
264000
1000
(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - InventorMarc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.
Why you should listen
In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.
Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com