TEDIndia 2009
Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives
Jane Chen: Topao zagrljaj koji spašava živote
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U zemljama u razvoju, pristup inkubatorima je ograničen troškovima i udaljenošću, tako da svake godine milijuni prerano rođene djece umiru. TEDova suradnica Jane Show nam pokazuje izum koji bi mogao grijati milijune te djece -- dizajn koji je siguran, jeftin i spašava živote.
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Please close your eyes,
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Molim vas da zatvorite oči
00:18
and open your hands.
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i ispružite dlanove.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
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Sada zamislite što biste mogli staviti u ruke:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
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jabuku, možda vaš novčanik.
00:27
Now open your eyes.
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Sada otvorite oči.
00:29
What about a life?
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A što je sa životom?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
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Ovdje vidite prerano rođeno dijete.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
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Ono izgleda kao da se u miru odmara, dok se u stvari bori za život
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
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jer ne može regulirati vlastitu temperaturu u tijelu.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
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Ova beba je toliko mala da nema
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
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dovoljno sala u tijelu da ostane zagrijana.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
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Tužno je, 20 milijuna beba poput ove
00:46
are born every year around the world.
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rodi se svake godine, širom svijeta.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
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Četiri milijuna tih beba godišnje umre.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
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Ali veći problem je što one koje prežive
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
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odrastaju uz teške, dugotrajne zdravstvene probleme.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
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Razlog je što je bebi u prvom mjesecu njezina života,
01:00
its only job is to grow.
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jedini posao da raste.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
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Ako se bori protiv pothlađenosti, njezini organi se ne mogu normalno razvijati,
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
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što rezultira raznim zdravstvenim problemima.
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
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od dijabetisa preko bolesti srca,
01:09
to low I.Q.
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do niskog kvocjenta inteligencije.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
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Zamislite, mnogi od tih problema bi se mogli spriječiti
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
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kada bi te bebe ostale zagrijane.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
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To je primarna funkcija ovog inkubatora.
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
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Ali tradicionalni inkubatori trebaju struju
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
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i koštaju do 20,000 US$.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
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Tako da ih nećete pronaći u ruralnim područjima zemalja u razvoju.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
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Kao rezultat, roditelji se oslanaju na lokalna riješenja
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like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
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poput vezivanje boca s toplom vodom oko bebinog tijela,
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
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ili tako da ih stavljaju ispod žarulja kao što možete vidjeti ovdje --
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
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metode koje su i neefikasne i nesigurne.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
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Osobno sam se u to uvjerila više puta.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
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Na jednom od mojih prvih putovanja u Indiju, srela sam ovu mladu ženu, Sevithu,
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
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koja je upravo prerano rodila nedonošće, Rani.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
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Odnijela je svoju bebu u najbližu seosku kliniku,
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and the doctor advised her to take Rani
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i doktor joj je savjetovao da odvede Rani
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to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
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u gradsku bolnicu kako bi je mogli staviti u inkubator.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
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Ali bolnica je bila udaljena 4 sata.
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
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A Sevitha nije imala način na koji bi tamo otišla,
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so her baby died.
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tako da je njena beba umrla.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
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Inspirirani njezinom pričom, i desetinama sličnih priča,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
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moj tim i ja smo shvatili da su potrebna lokalna riješenja,
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
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nešto što bi moglo raditi bez struje,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
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nešto dovoljno jednostavno što bi majka ili babica mogli koristiti,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
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s obzirom da se većina porođaja događa kod kuće.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
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Trebalo nam je nešto prenosivo,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
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nešto što bi se moglo sterilizirati i ponovno koristiti za druge bebe,
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
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i nešto što će biti jako jeftino,
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
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u usporedbi s 20,000 US$,
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
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koliko inkubator košta u SAD-u.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
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Tako smo došli do ovoga.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
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Ovo što vidite uopće ne sliči na inkubator.
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
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Izgleda kao mala vreča za spavanje za bebu.
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
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Može se potpuno otvoriti. Vodootporna je.
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
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Nema šavova iznutra tako da se može jednostavno sterilizirati.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
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Čarolija je u ovoj vrećici voska.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
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Ovo je materijal koji se mijenja kroz faze.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
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To je substanca koja je slična vosku i topi se
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
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na temperaturi ljudskog tijela od 37 stupnjeva Celzijusovih.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
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Ovo možete jednostavno otopiti koristeći toplu vodu
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
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i kada se otopi ono može održavati stalnu temperaturu
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
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slijedećih 4-6 sati,
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
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nakon čega jednostavno ponovno zagrijete vrećicu.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
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Nakon toga je stavite u ovaj džep na poleđini,
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
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i ona stvara toplo mikro-okruženje
03:17
for the baby.
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za bebu.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
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Izgleda jednostavno, ali ispitivali smo ovo desetine puta
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
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na terenu, razgovarajući s liječnicima, mamama i kliničarima,
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
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kako bismo bili sigurni da ovo rješenje zadovoljava potrebe lokalnih zajednica.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
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Planiramo lansirati ovaj proizod u Indiji u 2010.
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
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I ciljana cijena nam je 25 US$,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
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manje od 0.1% cijene
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
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tradicionalnog inkubatora.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
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U slijedećih 5 godina planiramo spasiti živote
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of almost a million babies.
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skoro milijun beba.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
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Ali dugoročni društveni utjecaj jest u smanjenju rasta populacije.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
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Ovo zvuči nelogično,
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but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
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ali ispostavilo se da kada se smanjuje smrtnost djece
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population sizes also decrease,
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populacija se također smanjuje,
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because parents don't need to anticipate
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jer roditelji ne očekuiu
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that their babies are going to die.
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da će im beba umrijeti.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
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Nadamo se da će grijač beba "Embrace" (Zagrljaj)
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
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i drugi jednostavni izumi popu ovoga
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represent a new trend for the future of technology:
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predstavljati novi trend za buduće tehnologije:
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simple, localized, affordable solutions
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jednostavno, lokalno, pristupaćno riješenje
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
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koji ima potencijal ogromnog društvenog utjecaja.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
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Dok smo ovo dizajnirali slijedili smo nekoliko jednostavnih načela.
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
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Stvarno smo se trudili razumjeti krajnjeg korisnika,
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
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u ovom slučaju, ljude poput Sevithe.
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
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Pokušali smo razumjeti srž, uzrok problema
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rather than being biased by what already exists.
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umjesto da budemo pod utjecajem onoga što već postoji.
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And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
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I razmišljali smo o najjednostavnijem rješenju koje će
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to address this problem.
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moći riješiti problem.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
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Radeći tako, vjerujem da zaista možemo dovesti tehnologiju masama.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
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I možemo spasiti milijune života, kroz jednostavnu toplinu Embracea.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneurTED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world.
Why you should listen
Jane Chen is the co-founder and CEO of Embrace, a social enterprise that aims to help the millions of vulnerable babies born every year in developing countries through a low-cost infant warmer. Unlike traditional incubators that cost up to $20,000, the Embrace infant warmer costs around $200. The device requires no electricity, has no moving parts, is portable and is safe and intuitive to use.
Chen received her Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Prior to her graduate studies, Jane was the Program Director of Chi Heng Foundation, a nonprofit organization that sponsors the education of children affected by AIDS in central China. She was also formerly a management consultant at Monitor Group.
In 2009, Chen was a TEDIndia Fellow.
Jane Chen | Speaker | TED.com