TEDIndia 2009
Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives
Jane Chen: Dakapan hangat yang menyelamatkan nyawa.
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Di negara-negara sedang membangun, akses terhadap inkubator dihambat oleh kos dan faktor jarak menyebabkan jutaan bayi pra matang mati setiap tahun. Felo TED Jane Chen menunjukkan satu ciptaan yang boleh memberikan kehangatan kepada bayi-bayi ini. Sebuah rekaan yang selamat, mudah alih, kos rendah dan menyelamatkan nyawa.
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Please close your eyes,
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Cuba pejamkan mata anda,
00:18
and open your hands.
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dan tadah tangan anda.
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
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Sekarang, bayangkan apa yang anda boleh letakkan di tangan anda:
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
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sebiji epal, mungkin juga dompet anda.
00:27
Now open your eyes.
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Sekarang buka mata anda.
00:29
What about a life?
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Bagaimana pula jika kita letakkan nyawa?
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
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Apa yang anda lihat di sini ialah seorang bayi pra matang.
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
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Dia nampaknya seperti sedang berehat, tetapi sebenarnya dia sedang bertarung untuk terus hidup.
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
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sebab dia tidak boleh melaraskan suhu badannya sendiri.
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
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Bayi ini sangat kecil sehingga dia tidak mempunyai
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
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lemak yang cukup pada tubuhnya untuk kekal hangat.
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
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Malangnya, seramai 20 juta bayi seperti ini
00:46
are born every year around the world.
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yang dilahirkan setiap tahun, di seluruh dunia.
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
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Empat juta bayi seperti ini mati setiap tahun.
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
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Tetapi masalah yang lebih besar ialah bayi-bayi yang hidup
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
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membesar dengan masalah kesihatan jangka panjang yang teruk.
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
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Sebabnya ialah kerana pada bulan pertama dalam kehidupan bayi,
01:00
its only job is to grow.
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tugasnya hanya untuk membesar.
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
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Jika dia sentiasa melawan hipotermia, organnya tidak dapat membesar seperti biasa.
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
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mengakibatkan pelbagai masalah kesihatan
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
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daripada diabetes, penyakit jantung,
01:09
to low I.Q.
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sehinggalah kepada I.Q. rendah.
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
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Bayangkan, kebanyakan masalah ini boleh dicegah
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
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jika bayi-bayi ini dijaga dalam suhu yang hangat.
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
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Itulah fungsi asas sebuah inkubator.
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
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Tetapi inkubator yang biasa memerlukan bekalan elektrik
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
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dan menelan belanja sehingga 20 ribu dolar.
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
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Anda tidak akan menemui inkubator di kawasan perkampungan di negara sedang membangun.
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
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Oleh itu, ibu bapa menggunakan cara penyelesaian yang biasa digunakan
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
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seperti mengikat botol air panas di tubuh bayi mereka,
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
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atau meletakkan bayi di bawah mentol lampu seperti yang anda lihat di sini --
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
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kaedah-kaedah yang tidak berkesan dan tidak selamat.
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
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Saya telah berkali-kali menyaksikannya sendiri.
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
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Semasa kunjungan pertama saya ke India, saya bertemu wanita muda ini, Sevitha,
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
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yang baru melahirkan seorang bayi tidak cukup bulan yang sangat kecil bernama Rani.
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
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Dia bawa bayinya ke klinik kampung yang terdekat,
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
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dan doktor itu menasihatinya untuk membawa Rani ke
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
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hospital bandar supaya bayinya diletakkan di dalam inkubator.
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
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Tetapi hospital itu terletak sejauh empat jam perjalanan.
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
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Dan Sevitha tidak mempunyai kemampuan untuk ke sana,
02:04
so her baby died.
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akibatnya, bayinya mati.
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
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Peristiwa ini, serta banyak lagi peristiwa seperti ini,
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
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memberi ilham kepada pasukan saya apa yang diperlukan ialah satu penyelesaian tempatan,
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
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sesuatu yang boleh dikendalikan tanpa bekalan elektrik,
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
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yang mudah digunakan oleh seorang ibu atau bidan,
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
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memandangkan kebanyakan kelahiran masih berlaku di rumah.
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
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Kita perlukan sesuatu yang mudah alih,
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
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sesuatu yang boleh disteril dan diguna semula pada ramai bayi-bayi,
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
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dan sesuatu yang kosnya sangat rendah,
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
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berbanding dengan harga 20,000 dolar
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
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bagi sebuah inkubator di Amerika Syarikat.
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
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Jadi, ini yang kami cipta.
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
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Apa yang anda lihat di sini bentuknya tidak seperti sebuah inkubator.
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
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Ia berbentuk seperti beg tidur comel untuk bayi.
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
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Anda boleh membuka keseluruhannya. Ia kalis air.
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
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Di dalamnya tidak berkelim, jadi anda boleh mensterilnya dengan mudah.
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
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Tetapi keajaibannya ialah pada kantung lilin ini.
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
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Ini adalah bahan ubah fasa.
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
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Ia bahan seperti lilin dengan takat cair
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
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sama dengan suhu badan manusia, 37 darjah selsius.
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
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Anda dengan mudah boleh mencairkannya menggunakan air panas
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
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dan apabila sudah cair, ia boleh kekal dalam satu tahap suhu sahaja
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
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selama empat hingga enam jam dalam satu-satu masa,
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
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selepas itu anda cuma panaskan semula kantung itu.
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
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Anda letakkan di dalam poket kecil di belakang ini,
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
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dan ia menghasilkan satu sekitaran mikro yang hangat
03:17
for the baby.
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untuk bayi itu.
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
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Ia kelihatan mudah, tetapi kami telah mengubah suaikannya berulang kali
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
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melalui perbincangan dengan doktor-doktor, ibu-ibu dan klinisian-klinisian,
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
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untuk memastikan ia benar-benar memenuhi keperluan masyarakat tempatan.
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
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Kami merancang untuk melancarkan produk ini di India pada 2010.
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
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Dan harga sasarannya ialah 25 dolar,
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
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kurang dari 0.1 peratus dari kos
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
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sebuah inkubator biasa.
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
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Menjelang lima tahun mendatang, kami berharap dapat menyelamatkan nyawa
03:44
of almost a million babies.
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sehingga sejuta orang bayi.
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
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Tetapi kesan sosial jangka panjangnya ialah pengurangan pertumbuhan penduduk.
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
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Ini agak bertentangan,
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
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tetapi hasilnya ialah apabila kadar kematian bayi berkurangan
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
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saiz penududuk juga berkurangan,
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
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sebab ibu bapa tidak perlu menjangkakan
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
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yang bayi mereka akan mati.
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
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Kami berharap bahawa penghangat bayi Embrace ini
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
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dan lain-lain inovasi seperti ini
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
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merupakan satu trend baru bagi masa depan teknologi:
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simple, localized, affordable solutions
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penyelesaian yang mudah, setempat, mampu milik
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
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yang berpotensi menghasilkan impak sosial yang besar.
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
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Semasa mereka bentuk alat ini, kami mengikuti beberapa prinsip asas.
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
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Kami benar-benar cuba memahami penggunanya,
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
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dalam kes ini, orang seperti Sevitha.
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
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Kami cuba memahami punca masalahnya
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
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tanpa bersikap berat sebelah dengan apa yang pernah ada.
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
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Kemudian kami memikirkan penyelesaian yang paling mudah untuk kami
04:31
to address this problem.
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menyelesaikan masalah ini.
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
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Dengan ini, saya yakin kami benar-benar boleh membawa teknologi kepada orang awam.
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
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Dan kami boleh menyelamatkan jutaan nyawa, melalui kehangatan satu dakapan Embrace yang mudah.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneurTED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world.
Why you should listen
Jane Chen is the co-founder and CEO of Embrace, a social enterprise that aims to help the millions of vulnerable babies born every year in developing countries through a low-cost infant warmer. Unlike traditional incubators that cost up to $20,000, the Embrace infant warmer costs around $200. The device requires no electricity, has no moving parts, is portable and is safe and intuitive to use.
Chen received her Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Prior to her graduate studies, Jane was the Program Director of Chi Heng Foundation, a nonprofit organization that sponsors the education of children affected by AIDS in central China. She was also formerly a management consultant at Monitor Group.
In 2009, Chen was a TEDIndia Fellow.
Jane Chen | Speaker | TED.com