TEDIndia 2009
Jane Chen: A warm embrace that saves lives
ジェーン・チェン 命を救う暖かい抱擁
Filmed:
Readability: 4
874,886 views
発展途上国では、コストと距離のために保育器の使用は限られており、そのため毎年何百万という未熟児が死んでいきます。TED仲間のジェーン・チェンがそういう何百万という赤ちゃんを暖かく保てる発明を披露します。それは安全で、携帯可能で、安価で、命を救うデザインです。
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
TED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Please close your eyes,
0
0
3000
どうか目を閉じて
00:18
and open your hands.
1
3000
3000
手の平を広げてください
00:21
Now imagine what you could place in your hands:
2
6000
3000
その手の上に何が置けるか 想像してみてください
00:24
an apple, maybe your wallet.
3
9000
3000
リンゴ それとも お財布でしょうか
00:27
Now open your eyes.
4
12000
2000
では目を開けて
00:29
What about a life?
5
14000
2000
１つの命というのは思い浮かびましたか？
00:31
What you see here is a premature baby.
6
16000
2000
これは未熟児の赤ちゃん
00:33
He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive
7
18000
3000
眠っているようですが 実は必死で生きようとしています
00:36
because he can't regulate his own body temperature.
8
21000
3000
この子は体温を自分で調節することができません
00:39
This baby is so tiny he doesn't have
9
24000
2000
小さすぎるため
00:41
enough fat on his body to stay warm.
10
26000
2000
体温を保てるだけの脂肪がないのです
00:43
Sadly, 20 million babies like this
11
28000
3000
悲しいことに このような子供が
00:46
are born every year around the world.
12
31000
3000
世界では毎年2千万人生まれ
00:49
Four million of these babies die annually.
13
34000
2000
4百万人が死んでいきます
00:51
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive
14
36000
3000
さらに問題になるのは 生き延びて成長しても
00:54
grow up with severe, long-term health problems.
15
39000
3000
深刻で長期的な健康問題を抱えてしまうことです
00:57
The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life,
16
42000
3000
生まれて最初の一ヶ月 赤ん坊のする唯一の仕事は
01:00
its only job is to grow.
17
45000
2000
成長することです
01:02
If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally,
18
47000
3000
低体温と闘わなければならない場合 臓器が正常に成長できず
01:05
resulting in a range of health problems
19
50000
2000
糖尿病や心臓病
01:07
from diabetes, to heart disease,
20
52000
2000
知能の低さといった
01:09
to low I.Q.
21
54000
2000
様々な健康問題が生じます
01:11
Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented
22
56000
3000
その子たちをただ暖かく保つだけで
01:14
if these babies were just kept warm.
23
59000
3000
そのような問題の多くは避けられたのです
01:17
That is the primary function of an incubator.
24
62000
2000
そのために保育器があります
01:19
But traditional incubators require electricity
25
64000
2000
しかし従来の保育器は
01:21
and cost up to 20 thousand dollars.
26
66000
3000
電気が必要な上 2万ドルもします
01:24
So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries.
27
69000
3000
だから発展途上国の僻地で保育器を目にすることはまずありません
01:27
As a result, parents resort to local solutions
28
72000
3000
そのため彼らは あり合わせの物で何とかしようとします
01:30
like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies,
29
75000
3000
赤ちゃんの周りに湯たんぽを置いたり
01:33
or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here --
30
78000
3000
電球の下に赤ちゃんを寝かせたりします
01:36
methods that are both ineffective and unsafe.
31
81000
3000
どちらも効果が低く 安全でもありません
01:39
I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
32
84000
3000
私はこのようなものを何度も目にしてきました
01:42
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha,
33
87000
3000
初めてインドに行ったとき セビータという若い女性と出会いました
01:45
who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani.
34
90000
4000
彼女は小さな未熟児のラニーを産んだばかりでした
01:49
She took her baby to the nearest village clinic,
35
94000
3000
近くにある村の診療所に赤ちゃんを連れて行くと
01:52
and the doctor advised her to take Rani
36
97000
2000
保育器がある町の病院に
01:54
to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator.
37
99000
4000
その子を連れて行くように言われました
01:58
But that hospital was over four hours away,
38
103000
3000
でも病院までは車で4時間以上の距離があり
02:01
and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there,
39
106000
3000
セビータには行く手段がありませんでした
02:04
so her baby died.
40
109000
2000
そして赤ちゃんは死んでしまいました
02:06
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this,
41
111000
3000
この話や 似たような話を何十と聞くにつけ
02:09
my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution,
42
114000
3000
何か電気を必要としない
02:12
something that could work without electricity,
43
117000
2000
母親や助産師でも使える
02:14
that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use,
44
119000
3000
シンプルな解決法が必要だと思いました
02:17
given that the majority of births still take place in the home.
45
122000
3000
今でも大多数の妊婦が自宅出産しているからです
02:20
We needed something that was portable,
46
125000
2000
持ち運べ 殺菌でき
02:22
something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies
47
127000
3000
何人もの赤ちゃんに使い回せ
02:25
and something ultra-low-cost,
48
130000
2000
アメリカ製の保育器の
02:27
compared to the 20,000 dollars
49
132000
2000
2万ドルより
02:29
that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
50
134000
3000
ずっと安い何かです
02:32
So, this is what we came up with.
51
137000
2000
そして作り出したのがこれ
02:34
What you see here looks nothing like an incubator.
52
139000
2000
保育器とは似ても似つかない
02:36
It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby.
53
141000
3000
赤ちゃん用の小さな寝袋のようです
02:39
You can open it up completely. It's waterproof.
54
144000
3000
全部広げることができ 防水になっています
02:42
There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily.
55
147000
3000
内側に縫い目がないので 簡単に殺菌できます
02:45
But the magic is in this pouch of wax.
56
150000
4000
一番のポイントは この相変化物質入りの
02:49
This is a phase-change material.
57
154000
2000
パックにあります
02:51
It's a wax-like substance with a melting point
58
156000
2000
ロウのような物質で
02:53
of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius.
59
158000
3000
融点が人の体温と同じ37度
02:56
You can melt this simply using hot water
60
161000
3000
これをお湯に入れて溶かしてやると
02:59
and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature
61
164000
4000
一定の温度を 4時間から6時間の間
03:03
for four to six hours at a time,
62
168000
2000
保ち続けます
03:05
after which you simply reheat the pouch.
63
170000
3000
再び温めれば何度でも使えます
03:08
So, you then place it into this little pocket back here,
64
173000
5000
後ろにあるポケットにこれを入れると
03:15
and it creates a warm micro-environment
65
180000
2000
赤ちゃんのための
03:17
for the baby.
66
182000
3000
小さな暖かい環境の出来上がりです
03:20
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times
67
185000
4000
すごくシンプルですが これは現地に行って医師や母親たちと話し
03:24
by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians
68
189000
3000
本当に地元の人たちの必要に合っているか確認する作業を
03:27
to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities.
69
192000
3000
何十回となく繰り返して生まれたものです
03:30
We plan to launch this product in India in 2010,
70
195000
3000
私たちはこの製品をインドで2010年に展開する予定です
03:33
and the target price point will be 25 dollars,
71
198000
4000
目標としている価格は25ドル
03:37
less than 0.1 percent of the cost
72
202000
2000
従来の保育器の
03:39
of a traditional incubator.
73
204000
3000
0.1パーセントという値段です
03:42
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives
74
207000
2000
今後5年間で
03:44
of almost a million babies.
75
209000
2000
百万人の赤ちゃんの命を救いたいと思っています
03:46
But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth.
76
211000
3000
しかし長期的には これは人口増加を抑えることになるでしょう
03:49
This seems counterintuitive,
77
214000
2000
直感に反するかもしれませんが
03:51
but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced,
78
216000
3000
実は乳児死亡率が下がれば
03:54
population sizes also decrease,
79
219000
2000
人口も減るのです
03:56
because parents don't need to anticipate
80
221000
2000
赤ちゃんが死んでしまうことを
03:58
that their babies are going to die.
81
223000
2000
親たちが想定せずにすむためです
04:00
We hope that the Embrace infant warmer
82
225000
3000
この「エンブレイス」乳児保温具のような
04:03
and other simple innovations like this
83
228000
2000
シンプルなアイデアが
04:05
represent a new trend for the future of technology:
84
230000
4000
テクノロジーの進む未来の方向であることを望みます
04:09
simple, localized, affordable solutions
85
234000
3000
社会に大きなインパクトを与える可能性を持つ
04:12
that have the potential to make huge social impact.
86
237000
3000
その場に合った シンプルで安価なソリューションです
04:15
In designing this we followed a few basic principles.
87
240000
3000
デザインに当たっては いくつかの基本的な原則に従いました
04:18
We really tried to understand the end user,
88
243000
2000
エンドユーザー つまり―
04:20
in this case, people like Sevitha.
89
245000
3000
セビータのような人たちを 本当に理解しようと努めました
04:23
We tried to understand the root of the problem
90
248000
2000
既存のものに捕らわれず
04:25
rather than being biased by what already exists.
91
250000
3000
本質的な問題を理解しようと努めました
04:28
And then we thought of the most simple solution we could
92
253000
3000
そしてこの問題を解決できる
04:31
to address this problem.
93
256000
2000
一番シンプルな方法を考えました
04:33
In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses.
94
258000
4000
そうすることで テクノロジーを本当に広く人々に届けられるのだと思います
04:37
And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
95
262000
3000
この「エンブレイス」(抱擁)の暖かみで 何百万という命が救えるのです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Chen - Social entrepreneurTED Fellow Jane Chen has spent years working on health issues in the developing world.
Why you should listen
Jane Chen is the co-founder and CEO of Embrace, a social enterprise that aims to help the millions of vulnerable babies born every year in developing countries through a low-cost infant warmer. Unlike traditional incubators that cost up to $20,000, the Embrace infant warmer costs around $200. The device requires no electricity, has no moving parts, is portable and is safe and intuitive to use.
Chen received her Masters in Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Prior to her graduate studies, Jane was the Program Director of Chi Heng Foundation, a nonprofit organization that sponsors the education of children affected by AIDS in central China. She was also formerly a management consultant at Monitor Group.
In 2009, Chen was a TEDIndia Fellow.
Jane Chen | Speaker | TED.com