TEDMED 2009
Aimee Mullins: The opportunity of adversity
Aimee Mullins: Kesempatan dalam kesulitan
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Thesaurus mungkin memadankan kata "cacat" dengan sinonim seperti "tak berguna" dan "puntung", tapi pemecah rekor dlm cabang lari Aimee Mullins bertekad mendefinisi ulang kata itu. Mengabaikan pertalian makna itu, ia menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan -- dalam kasusnya, terlahir tanpa tulang kering -- malah membangkitkan potensinya sebagai manusia.
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actor
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
A record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago
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Saya ingin membagi temuan saya beberapa bulan yang lalu
00:22
while writing an article for Italian Wired.
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saat menulis artikel utk majalah Wired versi Italia
00:25
I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I'm writing anything,
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Saya suka meletakkan thesaurus di dekat saya ketika menulis,
00:28
but I'd already finished editing the piece,
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Seselesainya saya menulis artikel itu
00:31
and I realized that I had never once in my life
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saya baru sadar bahwa seumur hidup
00:34
looked up the word "disabled" to see what I'd find.
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saya belum pernah mencari kata "cacat" pd thesaurus itu
00:38
Let me read you the entry.
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Izinkan saya membacakan apa yg tertulis
00:41
"Disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked,
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"Cacat," kata sifat: "puntung, tak berdaya, tak berguna, rusak,
00:49
stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated,
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macet, kudung, terluka, terkoyak, pincang, termutilasi
00:56
run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped,
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buruk, aus, lemah, impoten, terkebiri, lumpuh, buntung
01:06
senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in
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pikun, jompo, terjerebab, habis, selesai, terpuruk
01:12
cracked-up, counted-out;
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kacau, tidak diperhitungkan;
01:16
see also hurt, useless and weak.
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lihat juga, tak berguna dan lemah.
01:20
Antonyms, healthy, strong, capable."
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Antonim, sehat, kuat, mampu."
01:26
I was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing,
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Waktu saya bacakan daftar ini pada teman saya, awalnya saya tertawa,
01:30
it was so ludicrous,
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ini amat sangat konyol,
01:32
but I'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke,
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namun sehabis membaca kata "terkoyak", saya terguncang,
01:37
and I had to stop and collect myself
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dan saya harus berhenti untuk menenangkan diri
01:40
from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed.
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dari serangan dan pukulan bathin yg dilancarkan makna kata-kata ini.
01:50
You know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus
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Saya lalu membela diri, thesaurus saya itu edisi lama
01:53
so I'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right?
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Saya pikir mungkin definisi-definisi itu kedaluarsa
01:56
But, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s,
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Tapi faktanya, tanggal cetaknya adalah awal 1980-an
02:01
when I would have been starting primary school
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saat saya memulai sekolah dasar
02:03
and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit
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dan membentuk pengertian atas diri sendiri di luar keluarga
02:07
and as related to the other kids and the world around me.
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dan membina hubungan dgn anak-anak lain beserta lingkungannya
02:10
And, needless to say, thank God I wasn't using a thesaurus back then.
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Dan tentu saja saya belum tahu cara menggunakan thesaurus waktu itu
02:15
I mean, from this entry, it would seem that I was born into a world
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Maksud saya, dari apa yg tercantum, sepertinya saya dilahirkan ke dunia
02:21
that perceived someone like me
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yang melihat seseorang seperti saya
02:23
to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them,
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sbg sosok tanpa memiliki hal positif apapun yg bisa ditawarkan
02:28
when in fact, today I'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures
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padahal saat ini saya dikenal atas kesempatan dan petualangan
02:34
my life has procured.
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yg ditunjukkan hidup saya.
02:36
So, I immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition,
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Maka, saya langsung merujuk ke edisi online tahun 2009,
02:42
expecting to find a revision worth noting.
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dengan harapan ada revisi yang patut dicatat
02:46
Here's the updated version of this entry.
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Ini adalah yg tercantum di versi termuktahir
02:49
Unfortunately, it's not much better.
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Sayangnya, tidak jauh beda
02:52
I find the last two words under "Near Antonyms," particularly unsettling:
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Buat saya dua kata terakhir dibawah tajuk "lawan kata dekat" sangat meresahkan,
02:58
"whole" and "wholesome."
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"utuh" dan "bajik."
03:02
So, it's not just about the words.
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Jadi sebenarnya bukan masalah katanya.
03:05
It's what we believe about people when we name them with these words.
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tapi apa pandangan kita thd seseorang ketika kita labeli mereka dengan kata itu
03:09
It's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values.
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Ini tentang nilai yg terkandung dlm kata, dan bagaimana kita membangun nilai itu
03:14
Our language affects our thinking and how we view the world
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Bahasa mempengaruhi pikiran dan cara pandang kita terhadap dunia
03:18
and how we view other people.
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dan terhadap orang lain
03:21
In fact, many ancient societies, including the Greeks and the Romans,
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Bahkan, masyarakat kuno, seperti masyarakat Yunani dan Romawi
03:24
believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful,
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percaya bahwa mengutuk itu sangat serius secara verbal
03:29
because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence.
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karena dengan mengucapkannya nilai yg terkandung hadir dalam realita
03:35
So, what reality do we want to call into existence:
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Jadi, apa yang ingin kita hadirkan dalam realita,
03:40
a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered?
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orang yang serba terbatas, atau orang yang serba bisa ?
03:46
By casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child,
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Hal sesederhana seperti memberi nama pada seorang anak
03:52
we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power.
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bisa berdampak buruk pada potensi anak tersebut
03:59
Wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?
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Tidakkan kita ingin membuka pintu peluang bagi mereka?
04:03
One such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor
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Salah satu orang, yg telah membuka pintu peluang saya, adalah dokter
04:06
at the A.I. duPont Institute in Wilmington, Delaware.
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masa kecil saya di A.I Dupont di Wilmington, Delaware.
04:11
His name was Dr. Pizzutillo,
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Namanya Dr. Pizzutillo.
04:14
an Italian American, whose name, apparently,
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Orang Amerika keturunan Italia, yang namanya, memang
04:16
was too difficult for most Americans to pronounce,
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terlalu sulit untuk diucapkan oleh kebanyakan orang Amerika
04:18
so he went by Dr. P.
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akhirnya ia dipanggil Dr.P.
04:20
And Dr. P always wore really colorful bow ties
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Dr. P selalu memakai dasi kupu-kupu yang berwarna-warni
04:24
and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
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dan perangainya sangat cocok untuk bergaul dengan anak-anak
04:30
I loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital,
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Saya sangat menyukai semua kenangan di rumah sakti itu,
04:35
with the exception of my physical therapy sessions.
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kecuali waktu sesi-sesi terapi fisiknya
04:39
I had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises
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saya diharuskan mengulang-ulang latihan yang sama
04:43
with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors,
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dengan pita elastik yg tebal -- dalam berbagai warna --
04:47
you know -- to help build up my leg muscles,
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yang maksudnya buat menguatkan otot kaki saya
04:51
and I hated these bands more than anything --
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dan saya benci sekali dengan pita-pita itu
04:53
I hated them, had names for them. I hated them.
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Saking sebalnya saya juluki macam-macam. Pokoknya sebal.
04:56
And, you know, I was already bargaining, as a five year-old child,
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dan, tahu tidak, umur 5 tahun saya sudah bisa tawar menawar
05:00
with Dr. P to try to get out of doing these exercises,
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dengan Dr. P untuk mangkir dari latihan-latihan itu,
05:03
unsuccessfully, of course.
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gagal melulu, tentu saja.
05:05
And, one day, he came in to my session --
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tapi suatu hari dia datang ke sesi terapi saya
05:10
exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions --
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latihan yang sangat melelahkan dan kejam --
05:14
and he said to me, "Wow. Aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl,
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dan bilang pada saya, "Wah Aimee, kecil-kecil ternyata kamu luar biasa kuat ya,
05:20
I think you're going to break one of those bands.
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tampaknya kamu bisa patahkan pita-pita itu
05:23
When you do break it, I'm going to give you a hundred bucks."
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kalau benar patah, saya berikan kamu 100 USD."
05:26
Now, of course, this was a simple ploy on Dr. P's part
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Ya, tentu saja, yang dilancarkan Dr. P ini tipuan kuno
05:30
to get me to do the exercises I didn't want to do
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supaya saya lakukan latihan yang saya benci itu
05:33
before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward,
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dengan iming-iming jadi anak umur 5 paling kaya di lantai dua,
05:38
but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence
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tapi yang penting adalah dia berhasil mengubah siksaan sehari-hari
05:46
into a new and promising experience for me.
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jadi sesuatu yg baru dan seru buat saya.
05:50
And I have to wonder today to what extent his vision
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Sampai sekarang saya masih penasaran, sejauh apa visi
05:54
and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl
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dan keyakinannya tentang saya yg meski kecil tapi kuat
06:00
shaped my own view of myself
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akan terus membentuk opini saya
06:02
as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
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terhadap diri saya sendiri sebagai sosok yang dasarnya memang kuat dan atletis
06:08
This is an example of how adults in positions of power
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Ini adalah contoh peranan orang dewasa yang berkuasa
06:11
can ignite the power of a child.
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dapat membangkitkan kekuatan pada anak-anak.
06:15
But, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries,
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Tapi, menilik dari apa yang tercantum pada thesaurus
06:19
our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want,
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bahasa kita menghalangi kita menghadirkan realita yang kita idamkan,
06:26
the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable.
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peluang memandang diri sendiri sebagai orang yang mampu
06:32
Our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society,
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Bahasa kita tertinggal oleh perkembangan masyarakat
06:37
many of which have been brought about by technology.
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yang banyak dipengaruhi teknologi
06:40
Certainly, from a medical standpoint,
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Tentu saya, secara medis
06:42
my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment,
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kaki saya, pembedahan laser buat cacat mata,
06:48
titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies
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lutut dari titanium dan transplantasi untuk organ yang melemah
06:51
that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities,
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yang telah memungkinkan orang beraktifitas penuh
06:54
and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them --
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menerabas batas-batas alam yang merintangi
07:00
not to mention social networking platforms
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ditambah lagi dengan jejaring-jejaring sosial,
07:03
allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves,
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yang telah memungkinkan orang mendefinisikan dirinya sendiri
07:08
so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing.
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sehingga bisa memilih untuk bergabung dengan kelompok yang lebih besar
07:13
So, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now
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Jadi, mungkin teknologi telah menunjukkan lebih jelas
07:17
what has always been a truth:
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apa yang selalu merupakan kebenaran
07:20
that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society,
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bahwa tiap orang punya keunikan dan bisa berkarya dalam masyarakat
07:28
and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
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dan modal terbesar manusia adalah kemampuannya beradaptasi
07:33
The human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing,
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Kemampuan beradaptasi ini hal yg menarik
07:36
because people have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity,
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karena orang-orang selalu bertanya tentang cara saya menghadapi kesulitan,
07:42
and I'm going to make an admission:
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saya akan berterus terang
07:45
This phrase never sat right with me,
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Saya kurang setuju dengan ungkapan itu
07:47
and I always felt uneasy trying to answer people's questions about it,
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saya selalu resah dalam upaya menjawab pertanyaan orang tentang hal ini
07:51
and I think I'm starting to figure out why.
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dan saya mulai paham apa alasannya
07:55
Implicit in this phrase of "overcoming adversity"
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Tersirat dalam ungkapan "Mengatasi kesulitan"
07:59
is the idea that success, or happiness,
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adalah pikiran bahwa kesuksesan, atau kebahagiaan
08:03
is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience
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didapat dengan keluar dari sisi lain dari suatu situasi yang penuh tantangan
08:06
unscathed or unmarked by the experience,
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tanpa terpengaruh oleh apa yang dialami,
08:11
as if my successes in life have come about from an ability
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seolah kesuksesan dalam hidup tergantung pd kemampuan
08:15
to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls of a life with prosthetics,
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mengakali atau bermanuver agar terhindar dari kesulitan dgn prostetik
08:20
or what other people perceive as my disability.
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atau yang dianggap orang sebagai cacat tubuh
08:23
But, in fact, we are changed. We are marked, of course, by a challenge,
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Padahal sebenarnya kami berubah, tentu saja, dipengaruhi tantangan yg dialami
08:29
whether physically, emotionally or both.
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baik secara fisik, mental atau keduanya.
08:32
And I'm going to suggest that this is a good thing.
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Dan izinkan saya sampaikan, ini adalah hal yang baik
08:35
Adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to get around
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kesulitan bukan untuk dihindari
08:39
in order to resume living our life.
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sekedar untuk meneruskan hidup
08:42
It's part of our life.
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tapi kesulitan dalah bagian dr hidup
08:45
And I tend to think of it like my shadow.
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kesulitan tak ubahnya seperti bayangan saya
08:48
Sometimes I see a lot of it, sometimes there's very little,
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Kadang terlihat banyak, kadang terlihat sedikit
08:51
but it's always with me.
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tapi tidak pernah meninggalkan saya
08:53
And, certainly, I'm not trying to diminish the impact, the weight, of a person's struggle.
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tentu saja tidak berarti saya menyepelekan dampak dan nilai perjuangan seseorang
09:00
There is adversity and challenge in life,
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Kesulitan dan tantangan selalu ada dlm hidup
09:03
and it's all very real and relative to every single person,
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semuanya nyata dan relatif bagi tiap orang
09:06
but the question isn't whether or not you're going to meet adversity,
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tapi pertanyaannya bukan apakah kita akan mengalaminya atau tidak
09:10
but how you're going to meet it.
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tapi bagaimana kita akan menghadapinya.
09:13
So, our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity,
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Jadi, tanggung jawab kita bukan untuk melindungi orang yg kita cintai dari kesulitan
09:20
but preparing them to meet it well.
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tapi membekali mereka untuk menghadapinya dengan baik
09:23
And we do a disservice to our kids
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Akan berakibat buruk buat anak-anak
09:27
when we make them feel that they're not equipped to adapt.
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kalau kita buat mereka merasa tidak mampu beradaptasi
09:34
There's an important difference and distinction
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Ada perbedaan dan pembedaan penting
09:37
between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee
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antara fakta objektif medis tentang ke-cacat-an saya
09:42
and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not I'm disabled.
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dan opini subjektif masyarakat tentang kemampuan saya.
09:48
And, truthfully, the only real and consistent disability I've had to confront
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Dan sejujurnya, satu-satunya ke-tidak-mampu-an yang kerap saya alami
09:53
is the world ever thinking that I could be described by those definitions.
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adalah berdamai dengan dunia yang menerima semua definisi itu tentang saya
09:59
In our desire to protect those we care about
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Dalam upaya melindungi mereka yang kita cintai
10:02
by giving them the cold, hard truth about their medical prognosis,
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ketika menyampaikan kenyataan pahit dari prognosis medis
10:06
or, indeed, a prognosis on the expected quality of their life,
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atau kadang prognosis dari kualitas hidup yang tersisa
10:10
we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick in a wall
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kita harus pastikan kita tidak ciptakan rintangan pertama
10:14
that will actually disable someone.
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yg malah memupuskan kemampuan orang.
10:19
Perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you
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Mungkin pola pikir umum yang fokus pada apa yang salah pada diri orang
10:24
and how do we fix it, serves to be more disabling to the individual
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dan bagaimana memperbaikinya, lebih memandulkan orang
10:28
than the pathology itself.
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daripada penyakitnya sendiri
10:31
By not treating the wholeness of a person,
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Dengan mengabaikan keutuhan orang
10:36
by not acknowledging their potency,
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dengan mengingkari potensi mereka
10:38
we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have.
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kita menciptakan penyakit lain diatas problem alamiah yang tengah mereka hadapi
10:45
We are effectively grading someone's worth to our community.
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Kita memilah-milah orang dalam masyarakat
10:51
So we need to see through the pathology
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Jadi kita harus bisa melihat lebih jauh dari penyakit
10:54
and into the range of human capability.
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dan memahami kemampuan manusia yg utuh
11:00
And, most importantly, there's a partnership
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Dan yang tak kalah penting, ada kerjasama
11:04
between those perceived deficiencies
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antara apa yg dianggap kekurangan
11:06
and our greatest creative ability.
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dengan kreativitas kita
11:09
So it's not about devaluing, or negating, these more trying times
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Jadi bukannya merendahkan atau menolak, masa-masa sulit
11:14
as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug,
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yg dianggap aib dan perlu disembunyikan.
11:18
but instead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity.
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tapi justru mencari peluang dalam kesulitan yg ada
11:24
So maybe the idea I want to put out there is
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Jadi yang saya mau sampaikan bukan
11:26
not so much overcoming adversity
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bagaimana mengatasi kesulitan
11:31
as it is opening ourselves up to it,
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karena intinya lebih pada membuka diri
11:35
embracing it,
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merangkulnya
11:38
grappling with it,
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memperjuangkannya
11:40
to use a wrestling term,
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atau meminjam istilah pegulat
11:42
maybe even dancing with it.
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berdansa dgn kesulitan
11:46
And, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural, consistent and useful,
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Dan mungkin dengan melihat kesulitan sebagain sesuatu yang alamiah, konsisten dan
11:54
we're less burdened by the presence of it.
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berguna, kita jadi tidak terlalu tertekan
11:57
This year we celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin,
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Tahun ini kita peringati ulang tahun ke 200 Charles Darwin
12:00
and it was 150 years ago, when writing about evolution,
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Dan 150 tahun yang lalu, ketika tengah menulis tentang evolusi
12:04
that Darwin illustrated, I think, a truth about the human character.
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Darwin menyatakan suatu kebenaran, menurut saya, tentang karakter manusia
12:09
To paraphrase: It's not the strongest of the species that survives,
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Yang bunyinya kurang lebih, bukan spesies terkuat yang akan bertahan
12:13
nor is it the most intelligent that survives;
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bukan pula spesies yang tercerdas yang akan bertahan
12:16
it is the one that is most adaptable to change.
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tapi yg mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan lah yang akan bertahan
12:21
Conflict is the genesis of creation.
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Pertentangan adalah asal mula kreasi
12:26
From Darwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that
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Dari hasil kerja Darwin, antara lain, kita jadi menyadari
12:29
the human ability to survive and flourish
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kemampuan manusia untuk bertahan dan tumbuh
12:34
is driven by the struggle of the human spirit through conflict
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didorong pergulatan semangat manusia untuk keluar dari pertentangan
12:39
into transformation.
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dan bertransformasi
12:41
So, again, transformation, adaptation, is our greatest human skill.
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Jadi, sekali lagi, perubahan, adaptasi, adalah keahlian utama manusia
12:48
And, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we're made of.
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Dan, mungkin, setelah dianalisa, kita baru paham siapa kita ini..
12:54
Maybe that's what adversity gives us:
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Mungkin itulah jasa kesulitan
12:56
a sense of self, a sense of our own power.
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yg memberikan kita jati diri, kemandirian
13:00
So, we can give ourselves a gift.
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dan rasa bersyukur
13:03
We can re-imagine adversity as something more than just tough times.
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Wita bayangkan kesulitan bukan sebagai masa-masa susah
13:10
Maybe we can see it as change.
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tapi sebagai perubahan
13:13
Adversity is just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet.
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Kesulitan adalah perubahan yang kita belum terima
13:19
I think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves
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Menurut saya rintangan terbesar yg kita buat sendiri
13:22
is this idea of normalcy.
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adalah konsep tentang ke-normal-an.
13:24
Now, who's normal?
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Sekarang, siapa yang normal?
13:27
There's no normal.
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Tidak ada yang normal.
13:29
There's common, there's typical. There's no normal,
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Ada yang umum, ada yang khusus, tidak ada yang normal
13:32
and would you want to meet that poor, beige person if they existed?
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Kalaupun ada apa anda mau ketemu orang seperti itu ?
13:35
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
13:37
I don't think so.
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Saya kira juga tidak.
13:39
If we can change this paradigm from one of achieving normalcy
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Kalau kita bisa ubah cara pandang dari yg tadinya mengejar ke-normal-an
13:44
to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even a little bit more dangerous --
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ke yang meyakini adanya peluang, potensi atau bahkan yang agak berbahaya
13:49
we can release the power of so many more children,
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kita bisa menuai keunggulan dari anak-anak kita
13:52
and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with the community.
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mengundang, melibatkan keunikan dan kemampuan mereka ke dalam masyarakat
14:00
Anthropologists tell us that the one thing
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Pakar antropologi bilang yang paling utama
14:03
we as humans have always required of our community members
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yang kita sebagai manusia butuhkan dari anggota komunitas
14:06
is to be of use, to be able to contribute.
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adalah kegunaan dan kontribusi mereka.
14:10
There's evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago,
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Terdapat bukti bahwa 60.000 tahun yang lalu, Neanderthals
14:14
carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury,
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membopong para lansia dan mereka yang secara fisik terluka
14:20
and perhaps it's because the life experience of survival of these people
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mungkin karena pengalaman hidup yg membuat mereka bertahan
14:26
proved of value to the community.
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dihargai dalam komunitas itu
14:28
They didn't view these people as broken and useless;
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mereka tidak dipandang sebagai rusak atau sampah
14:33
they were seen as rare and valuable.
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mereka dipandang sebagai yang jarang dan berharga
14:36
A few years ago, I was in a food market in the town where I grew up
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Beberapa tahun yang lalu, di sebuah pasar di kota kelahiran saya
14:39
in that red zone in northeastern Pennsylvania,
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di daerah yg sibuk di sebelah timur laut Pennsylvania
14:43
and I was standing over a bushel of tomatoes.
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saya tengah memilah tomat
14:45
It was summertime: I had shorts on.
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waktu itu musim panas. Saya pakai celana pendek
14:47
I hear this guy, his voice behind me say, "Well, if it isn't Aimee Mullins."
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Saya dengar orang berujar dibelakang saya, "Wah ternyata Aimee Mullins."
14:52
And I turn around, and it's this older man. I have no idea who he is.
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Saya berpaling dan mendapati orang tua yang tidak saya kenal
14:56
And I said, "I'm sorry, sir, have we met? I don't remember meeting you."
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jadi saya bilang, "Maaf, apa kita pernah ketemu ? Saya tidak ingat."
15:02
He said, "Well, you wouldn't remember meeting me.
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Dia bilang, "Tentu saja anda tidak akan ingat
15:04
I mean, when we met I was delivering you from your mother's womb."
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Waktu kita ketemu saya tengah membantu ibumu melahirkanmu."
15:07
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
15:09
Oh, that guy.
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Oh, Dia...
15:12
And, but of course, actually, it did click.
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Tapi kemudian saya baru ingat
15:14
This man was Dr. Kean,
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Orang ini Dr Kean
15:17
a man that I had only known about through my mother's stories of that day,
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orang yang saya tahu hanya dari cerita ibu saya
15:21
because, of course, typical fashion, I arrived late for my birthday by two weeks.
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karena ternyata saya lahir lewat dua minggu dari yg seharusnya
15:27
And so my mother's prenatal physician had gone on vacation,
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Saat itu dokter kandungan ibu saya sedang liburan
15:31
so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents.
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jadi yang membantu persalinan adalah orang asing ini
15:36
And, because I was born without the fibula bones,
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dan karena saya lahir tanpa tulang kering
15:39
and had feet turned in, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that,
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kaki saya tertekuk dengan beberapa jari di sana sini
15:42
he had to be the bearer -- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news.
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dia mengemban tugas berat menjadi orang yang memberitakan kabar buruk
15:47
He said to me, "I had to give this prognosis to your parents
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Dia bilang ,"saya harus jelaskan ke orang tua mu
15:51
that you would never walk,
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bahwa kamu mungkin tidak pernah bisa jalan
15:53
and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have
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kamu tidak akan bisa bergerak seperti anak-anak lainnya
15:57
or any kind of life of independence,
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atau tidak akan merasakan kebebasan yg sama.
15:59
and you've been making liar out of me ever since."
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dan kamu membuat saya jadi pembohong."
16:01
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
16:03
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
16:09
The extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved
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Yang luar biasa adalah ketika dia bilang
16:13
newspaper clippings throughout my whole childhood,
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dia mengumpulkan kliping tentang saya sejak saya kecil
16:16
whether winning a second grade spelling bee,
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Ketika saya juara dua lomba mengeja
16:18
marching with the Girl Scouts, you know, the Halloween parade,
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baris berbaris sbg pramuka, biasalah, parade halloween
16:21
winning my college scholarship, or any of my sports victories,
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dapat beasiswa kampus atau prestasi olah raga lainnya
16:26
and he was using it, and integrating it into teaching resident students,
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dan dia menggunakannya untuk mengajar di sekolah lokal
16:32
med students from Hahnemann Medical School and Hershey Medical School.
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pada siswa kedokteran di Hahnemann dan Hershey
16:37
And he called this part of the course the X Factor,
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dan menyebut bahan kuliahnya ini Faktor X
16:40
the potential of the human will.
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kekuatan tekad manusia
16:43
No prognosis can account for how powerful this could be
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Tidak ada prognosis yang bisa menjelaskan bagaimana kekuatan ini
16:47
as a determinant in the quality of someone's life.
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jadi penentu kualitas hidup seseeorang
16:51
And Dr. Kean went on to tell me,
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dan Dr. Kean melanjutkan,
16:54
he said, "In my experience, unless repeatedly told otherwise,
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dia bilang, "Dari pengalaman saya, kecuali kalau diyakinkan sebaliknya
17:02
and even if given a modicum of support,
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bahkan dengan dukungan seadanya sekalipun
17:06
if left to their own devices, a child will achieve."
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kalau dibiarkan berkreasi sendiri, si anak pasti berprestasi."
17:12
See, Dr. Kean made that shift in thinking.
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Dr. Kean mengubah pola pikirnya
17:16
He understood that there's a difference between the medical condition
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Dia paham adanya perbedaan antara kondisi medis
17:19
and what someone might do with it.
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dan apa yang orang bisa capai
17:22
And there's been a shift in my thinking over time,
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Dan sejalan dengan waktu pola pikir saya juga berubah
17:25
in that, if you had asked me at 15 years old,
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Dalam hal, kalau 15 tahun yang lalu anda tanya saya
17:29
if I would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs,
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apa saya akan menukar prostetik dengan tulang daging sungguhan
17:33
I wouldn't have hesitated for a second.
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Saya akan tukar tanpa pikir panjang
17:36
I aspired to that kind of normalcy back then.
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Saya berkiblat pada ke-normal-an waktu itu
17:42
But if you ask me today, I'm not so sure.
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Tapi kalau ditanya sekarang, saya tidak yakin
17:45
And it's because of the experiences I've had with them,
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karena saya merasakan pengalaman yang saya alami
17:50
not in spite of the experiences I've had with them.
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bukan gara-gara pengalaman yang saya alami
17:56
And perhaps this shift in me has happened
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Dan mungkin perubahan ini terjadi karena
17:59
because I've been exposed to more people who have opened doors for me
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saya habiskan waktu lebih banyak dengan mereka yg membukakan pintu
18:04
than those who have put lids and cast shadows on me.
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ketimbang dengan mereka yang menutup pintu.
18:11
See, all you really need is one person
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Yang anda butuhkan hanya satu orang
18:13
to show you the epiphany of your own power, and you're off.
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yang bisa menunjukkan potensi sesungguhnya diri anda
18:18
If you can hand somebody the key to their own power --
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Kalau anda tunjukkan hal yang sama pada orang lain
18:23
the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that
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jiwa manusia itu sangat mudah menerima, kalau anda bisa
18:25
and open a door for someone at a crucial moment,
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membukakan pintu buat seseorang di saat yang kritis
18:28
you are educating them in the best sense.
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anda mendidiknya dengan cara yg paling benar
18:31
You're teaching them to open doors for themselves.
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Anda mengajarkan cara membuka pintu buat diri sendiri
18:36
In fact, the exact meaning of the word "educate"
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Sebenarnya, makna kata "educate"
18:42
comes from the root word "educe."
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berasal dari akar kata "educe"
18:44
It means "to bring forth what is within,
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yg artinya , menampilkan yang terpendam
18:48
to bring out potential."
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menggali potensi
18:50
So again, which potential do we want to bring out?
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Jadi sekali lagi, potensi apa yang kita mau hadirkan ?
18:55
There was a case study done in 1960s Britain,
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Ada sebuah studi yg dilakukan di Inggris tahun 1960-an
18:58
when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools.
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ketika mereka berpindah dari sistem sekolah tata bahasa menuju sekolah komprehensif
19:03
It's called the streaming trials. We call it "tracking" here in the States.
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Ini disebut Streaming Trials. Kami menyebutnya Tracking di Amerika
19:06
It's separating students from A, B, C, D and so on.
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Yang mengelompokkan siswa jadi grup A, B, C,D, dll
19:11
And the "A students" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers, etc.
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Kelompok A mendapat kurikulum yg lebih susah, guru terbaik, dan lain lain.
19:16
Well, they took, over a three-month period,
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Selama tiga bulan lebih
19:18
D-level students, gave them A's,
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kelompok D diberi nilai A
19:21
told them they were "A's," told them they were bright,
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diberitahu bahwa mereka berbakat
19:24
and at the end of this three-month period,
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dan ketika masa 3 bulan lewat
19:26
they were performing at A-level.
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mereka berprestasi bak kelompok A
19:29
And, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study,
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Dan tentu saja, yang menyedihkan, kebalikannya
19:32
is that they took the "A students" and told them they were "D's."
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mereka meyakinkan siswa kelompok A bahwa kualitas mereka sebatas D
19:37
And that's what happened at the end of that three-month period.
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dan memang hanya itu yang dicapai diakhir masa percobaan
19:40
Those who were still around in school, besides the people who had dropped out.
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oleh mereka yang bertahan di sekolah, sisanya putus sekolah semua.
19:46
A crucial part of this case study was that the teachers were duped too.
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Penemuan penting dr studi ini adalah, para guru juga bagian dari eksperimen
19:55
The teachers didn't know a switch had been made.
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mereka tidak tahu kalau siswa-siswa itu telah ditukar
19:57
They were simply told, "These are the 'A-students,' these are the 'D-students.'"
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Mereka cuma diberitahu yang mana siswa berpredikat A mana yang D
20:01
And that's how they went about teaching them and treating them.
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Dan ternyata perlakuan mereka berbeda ketika mengajar
20:07
So, I think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit,
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Jadi menurut saya jiwa yang tergilas adalah cacat yang sesungguhnya.
20:16
a spirit that's been crushed doesn't have hope,
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jiwa yang tergilas tidak punya harapan
20:21
it doesn't see beauty,
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tidak mampu mengagumi keindahan
20:23
it no longer has our natural, childlike curiosity
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tidak lagi punya keingintahuan yg lugu
20:29
and our innate ability to imagine.
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dan tidak lagi mampu berimajinasi
20:32
If instead, we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope,
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Tapi jika alih-alih kita bisa besarkan jiwa manusia agar tetap
20:37
to see beauty in themselves and others,
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mampu mengenali keindahan dirinya dan orang lain
20:41
to be curious and imaginative,
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mampu berimajinasi dan penuh pertanyaan
20:44
then we are truly using our power well.
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kita baru menggunakan kekuatan kita dgn baik
20:48
When a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities
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Ketika jiwa tumbuh seperti itu, kita mampu menghadirkan realita yg baru
20:54
and new ways of being.
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dan cara baru untuk hidup
20:57
I'd like to leave you with a poem
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Saya akan bacakan sebuah puisi
20:59
by a fourteenth-century Persian poet named Hafiz
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oleh pujangga Persia abad ke-14 bernama Hafiz
21:03
that my friend, Jacques Dembois told me about,
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yang disampaikan teman saya Jacques Dembois
21:06
and the poem is called "The God Who Only Knows Four Words":
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Judul puisinya adalah "Tuhan yang hanya tahu empat kata"
21:11
"Every child has known God,
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Tiap anak mengenal sesosok Tuhan
21:15
not the God of names,
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Tapi bukan yg punya berbagai gelar
21:17
not the God of don'ts,
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Bukan juga yang selalu bilang jangan
21:20
but the God who only knows four words and keeps repeating them,
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tapi Tuhan yang hanya kenal 4 kata dan terus mengulanginya,
21:25
saying, 'Come dance with me.
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dgn mengatakan, Mari berdansalah denganku"
21:32
Come, dance with me. Come, dance with me.'"
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Mari berdansalah denganku
21:35
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
21:37
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aimee Mullins - Athlete and actorA record-breaker at the Paralympic Games in 1996, Aimee Mullins has built a career as a model, actor and advocate for women, sports and the next generation of prosthetics.
Why you should listen
Aimee Mullins was born without fibular bones, and had both of her legs amputated below the knee when she was an infant. She learned to walk on prosthetics, then to run -- competing at the national and international level as a champion sprinter, and setting world records at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta. At Georgetown, where she double-majored in history and diplomacy, she became the first double amputee to compete in NCAA Division 1 track and field.
After school, Mullins did some modeling -- including a legendary runway show for Alexander McQueen -- and then turned to acting, appearing as the Leopard Queen in Matthew Barney's Cremaster Cycle. In 2008 she was the official Ambassador for the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival.
She's a passionate advocate for a new kind of thinking about prosthetics, and recently mentioned to an interviewer that she's been looking closely at MIT's in-development powered robotic ankle, "which I fully plan on having."
Aimee Mullins | Speaker | TED.com