Eugenia Cheng: An unexpected tool for understanding inequality: abstract math
Eugenia Cheng: Un inaspettato strumento per capire la disuguaglianza: la matematica astratta
Eugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people. Full bio
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with divisive arguments,
bigotry, blame, shouting
bigottismo, colpe, grida.
ridotta al lumicino.
that we are doomed to take sides,
che siamo condannati a schierarci,
riconciliare con l'altro.
like a race to the bottom,
una corsa verso il fondo
somebody else's privilege
are the most hard-done-by person
come i meno privilegiati
a un mondo che non ne ha?
this confusing world of ours,
la confusione del nostro mondo,
is like the theory of maths,
è un po' la teoria della matematica,
è applicata ai problemi reali
to real problems like building bridges
e controllare il flusso del traffico.
that pure maths applies directly
la matematica pura, direttamente,
to help me with my daily life,
per aiutarmi nella vita quotidiana,
to help me understand arguments
per aiutarmi a comprendere le questioni
with the entire human world.
con l'intera comunità umana.
the entire human world,
dell'intera comunità umana,
that you might think of
che potreste liquidare
by thinking about the factors of 30.
with bad memories of school maths lessons,
alle lezioni di matematica,
school maths lessons boring, too.
trovavo noiose le lezioni di matematica.
to take this in a direction
che prenderemo una direzione
from what happened at school.
We'll work them out.
Vediamoli insieme.
in a straight line.
are also factors of each other
sono anche multipli tra di loro
a bit like a family tree,
come un albero genealogico
like a kind of great-grandparent.
come un nostro bisnonno.
is not divisible by three,
che il 10 non è divisibile per tre,
in a straight line.
There's a hierarchy going on.
C'è una gerarchia.
two, three and five,
except one and themselves.
a parte l'uno e loro stessi.
this means they're prime.
come "numeri primi".
we have six, 10 and 15,
of two prime factors.
di due fattori primi.
of three prime numbers --
using those numbers instead.
utilizzando quei numeri.
two, three and five at the top,
at the next level,
at the next level
nel sucessivo livello,
losing one of your numbers in the set.
la perdita di uno dei numeri.
what those numbers are.
something like A, B and C instead,
con qualcosa come A, B e C,
becomes very widely applicable,
ampiamente applicabile,
essere qualsiasi cosa.
three types of privilege:
tre tipi di privilegi:
we have rich white people.
ci sono persone ricche e bianche.
of those types of privilege.
di questi tipi di privilegi.
the rest of the adjectives for emphasis.
il resto degli aggettivi.
non-male people,
ricche, bianche e non uomini.
nonbinary people we need to include.
persone non binarie.
with the least privilege,
grado di privilegio,
che non sono uomini.
of factors of 30
di fattori di 30
of different types of privilege.
tra diversi tipi di privilegi.
we can learn from this diagram, I think.
da questo diagramma, trovo:
a direct loss of one type of privilege.
una perdita diretta di uno dei privilegi.
that white privilege means
che il "privilegio bianco" implichi
than all nonwhite people.
di ogni persona non bianca.
black sports stars and say,
di colore, ricchissime, e dicono,
White privilege doesn't exist."
Non esiste un "privilegio bianco".
of white privilege says.
non sostiene questo.
had all the same characteristics
avesse tutte le stesse caratteristiche,
to be better off in society.
we can understand from this diagram
capire da questo diagramma,
where people have two types of privilege,
dove le persone godono di due privilegi,
that they're not all particularly equal.
particolarmente uguali.
stanno probabilmente meglio, in società,
are probably much better off in society
somewhere in between.
sono probabilmente in mezzo.
between those two middle levels.
tra quei due livelli intermedi.
might well be better off in society
potrebbero vivere meglio, in società,
a Michelle Obama, o a Oprah Winfrey.
examples, like Michelle Obama,
than poor, white, unemployed homeless men.
bianchi, poveri, senza casa né impiego.
is more skewed like this.
è più simile a questa.
of privilege in the diagram
vivono nella nostra società.
that people experience in society.
why some poor white men
perché alcuni uomini bianchi poveri
in this cuboid of privilege,
a questo cubo dei privilegi,
they don't actually feel the effect of it.
non sentono questo effetto.
the root of that anger
la radice della loro rabbia
than just being angry at them in return.
che arrabbiarci con loro.
can also help us switch contexts
può anche aiutarci a cambiare contesto,
are at the top in different contexts.
dominano contesti diversi.
our attention to non-men,
non-men are at the top.
i ricchi, bianchi e non-uomini.
a un intero contesto di donne,
a whole context of women,
ricche, bianche e cisgender.
could now be rich, white and cisgendered.
that your gender identity does match
che la vostra identità di genere
occupy the analogous situation
vivono in una situazione analoga
vivevano nella società più ampia.
in broader society.
why there is so much anger
perché sta montando l'ostilità
of the feminist movement at the moment,
del movimento femminista.
to seeing themselves as underprivileged
rispetto agli uomini bianchi,
they are relative to nonwhite women.
rispetto alle donne non-bianche.
to help us pivot between situations
queste strutture astratte
and less privileged.
o meno privilegiati.
that as an Asian person,
come persona asiatica,
the most privileged of nonwhite people,
più privilegiato tra i non bianchi,
between those two contexts.
tra quei due contesti.
who don't have to work.
che non devono lavorare.
situation to be in
or working at minimum wage.
o guadagnano il minimo.
nella mia testa
from other people's points of view,
dal punto di vista di altre persone.
possibly surprising conclusion:
che forse vi sorprenderà:
is highly relevant to our daily lives
è molto rilevante per le nostre vite,
and empathize with other people.
ed empatizzare con altre persone.
to understand other people more
si sforzi di capire gli altri
mathematical thinking
matematico astratto, secondo me,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eugenia Cheng - Mathematician, pianistEugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eugenia Cheng quit her tenured academic job for a portfolio career as a research mathematician, educator, author, columnist, public speaker, artist and pianist. Her aim is to rid the world of math phobia and develop, demonstrate and advocate for the role of mathematics in addressing issues of social justice.
Her first popular math book, How to Bake Pi, was published by Basic Books in 2015 to widespread acclaim including from the New York Times, National Geographic, Scientific American, and she was interviewed around the world including on the BBC, NPR and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Her second book, Beyond Infinity was published in 2017 and was shortlisted for the Royal Society Insight Investment ScienceBook Prize. Her most recent book, The Art of Logic in an Illogical World, was published in 2018 and was praised in the Guardian.
Cheng was an early pioneer of math on YouTube, and her most viewed video, about math and bagels, has been viewed more than 18 million times to date. She has also assisted with mathematics in elementary schools and high schools for 20 years. Cheng writes the "Everyday Math" column for the Wall Street Journal, is a concert pianist and founded the Liederstube, a not-for-profit organization in Chicago bringing classical music to a wider audience. In 2017 she completed her first mathematical art commission, for Hotel EMC2 in Chicago; her second was installed in 2018 in the Living Architecture exhibit at 6018 North.
Cheng is Scientist In Residence at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and won tenure in Pure Mathematics at the University of Sheffield, UK. She is now Honorary Fellow at the University of Sheffield and Honorary Visiting Fellow at City University, London. She has previously taught at the universities of Cambridge, Chicago and Nice and holds a PhD in pure mathematics from the University of Cambridge. Her research is in the field of Category Theory, and to date she has published 16 research papers in international journals.
You can learn more about her in this in-depth biographic interview on the BBC's Life Scientific.
Eugenia Cheng | Speaker | TED.com