Eugenia Cheng: An unexpected tool for understanding inequality: abstract math
Eugenia Cheng: Um instrumento inesperado para compreender a desigualdade: a matemática abstrata
Eugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people. Full bio
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with divisive arguments,
de discussões polémicas,
bigotry, blame, shouting
that we are doomed to take sides,
que estamos condenados a tomar partido,
em câmaras de ressonância
like a race to the bottom,
uma corrida sem fim,
somebody else's privilege
os privilégios dos outros
are the most hard-done-by person
nessas conversas.
this confusing world of ours,
para entender este nosso mundo confuso,
is like the theory of maths,
é como a teoria da matemática,
to real problems like building bridges
a problemas reais,
that pure maths applies directly
em que a matemática pura
to help me with my daily life,
para me ajudarem na minha vida diária,
to help me understand arguments
que me ajuda a compreender discussões
with the entire human world.
no mundo dos seres humanos.
the entire human world,
no mundo dos seres humanos,
that you might think of
uma matemática irrelevante da escola:
by thinking about the factors of 30.
em fatores de 30.
with bad memories of school maths lessons,
das aulas de matemática na escola,
school maths lessons boring, too.
achei muito aborrecidas
to take this in a direction
levar isto numa direção
from what happened at school.
do que acontecia na escola.
We'll work them out.
Vamos recordá-los.
in a straight line.
em linha reta.
are also factors of each other
também são fatores uns dos outros
a bit like a family tree,
com uma árvore genealógica,
like a kind of great-grandparent.
como uma espécie de bisavô.
são divisores de 30.
is not divisible by three,
é mais interessante
in a straight line.
em linha reta.
There's a hierarchy going on.
Há uma hierarquia.
two, three and five,
except one and themselves.
exceto 1 e eles mesmos.
this means they're prime.
portanto, são números primos.
we have six, 10 and 15,
of two prime factors.
de dois números primos.
of three prime numbers --
dos três números primos
using those numbers instead.
usando apenas estes números.
two, three and five at the top,
at the next level,
no nível mais abaixo
at the next level
no nível inferior
losing one of your numbers in the set.
que se perde um dos números do conjunto.
what those numbers are.
something like A, B and C instead,
por a, b, e c, por exemplo
becomes very widely applicable,
um enorme campo de aplicação,
three types of privilege:
três tipos de privilégios:
we have rich white people.
temos brancos ricos,
of those types of privilege.
desses tipos de privilégios.
the rest of the adjectives for emphasis.
dos adjetivos, por uma questão de realce.
non-male people,
que não são homens
não binárias que é preciso incluir.
nonbinary people we need to include.
que não são brancos.
que não são ricos.
que não são homens.
e não são brancos.
with the least privilege,
não são brancas, não são homens.
of factors of 30
de fatores de 30
of different types of privilege.
de diferentes tipos de privilégios.
we can learn from this diagram, I think.
aprender com este diagrama.
a direct loss of one type of privilege.
that white privilege means
erradamente que o privilégio dos brancos
vivem melhor do que todos os não brancos.
than all nonwhite people.
black sports stars and say,
negras do desporto, super-ricas e dizem:
White privilege doesn't exist."
O privilégio dos brancos não existe".
of white privilege says.
a teoria do privilégio dos brancos.
had all the same characteristics
do desporto, super-rica,
to be better off in society.
que vivesse melhor em sociedade.
we can understand from this diagram
compreender com este diagrama,
where people have two types of privilege,
a partir do topo,
dois tipos de privilégios,
that they're not all particularly equal.
are probably much better off in society
que vivem muito melhor na sociedade
somewhere in between.
que poderão estar entre esses dois.
between those two middle levels.
entre esses dois níveis do meio.
might well be better off in society
que não são brancas, nem são homens,
do que os homens brancos e pobres.
examples, like Michelle Obama,
como Michelle Obama
than poor, white, unemployed homeless men.
sem emprego e sem abrigo.
is more skewed like this.
é muito mais complicado.
of privilege in the diagram
de privilégios do diagrama
that people experience in society.
de que as pessoas gozam na sociedade.
why some poor white men
porque é que alguns homens brancos pobres
neste momento.
in this cuboid of privilege,
como estando situados lá em cima,
they don't actually feel the effect of it.
não sentem quaisquer efeitos disso.
the root of that anger
a origem dessa raiva
than just being angry at them in return.
do que nos zangarmos também.
can also help us switch contexts
pode ajudar-nos a mudar de contextos
are at the top in different contexts.
no topo de diferentes contextos.
our attention to non-men,
às pessoas que não são homens,
que não são homens, estão no topo.
non-men are at the top.
a whole context of women,
para um contexto de mulheres
could now be rich, white and cisgendered.
podem ser agora:
that your gender identity does match
que a vossa identidade sexual
que vos atribuíram à nascença.
occupy the analogous situation
ricas e brancas ocupam a situação análoga
in broader society.
numa sociedade mais ampla.
why there is so much anger
porque é que há tanta raiva
of the feminist movement at the moment,
do movimento feminista, neste momento,
to seeing themselves as underprivileged
como sub-privilegiadas
they are relative to nonwhite women.
to help us pivot between situations
estas estruturas abstratas
a passear entre situações
and less privileged.
e menos privilegiados.
do que alguns outros
do que alguns outros.
that as an Asian person,
que, enquanto asiática,
do que as pessoas brancas
the most privileged of nonwhite people,
as pessoas não brancas mais privilegiadas.
between those two contexts.
entre estes dois contextos.
não me considero super-rica.
de pessoas que não têm de trabalhar.
who don't have to work.
situation to be in
or working at minimum wage.
ou que ganham o salário mínimo.
from other people's points of view,
do ponto de vista de outras pessoas
possibly surprising conclusion:
possivelmente surpreendente:
is highly relevant to our daily lives
and empathize with other people.
e sentir empatia pelas outras pessoas.
to understand other people more
compreender melhor as outras pessoas
que os outros estão errados.
mathematical thinking
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eugenia Cheng - Mathematician, pianistEugenia Cheng devotes her life to mathematics, the piano and helping people.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eugenia Cheng quit her tenured academic job for a portfolio career as a research mathematician, educator, author, columnist, public speaker, artist and pianist. Her aim is to rid the world of math phobia and develop, demonstrate and advocate for the role of mathematics in addressing issues of social justice.
Her first popular math book, How to Bake Pi, was published by Basic Books in 2015 to widespread acclaim including from the New York Times, National Geographic, Scientific American, and she was interviewed around the world including on the BBC, NPR and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Her second book, Beyond Infinity was published in 2017 and was shortlisted for the Royal Society Insight Investment ScienceBook Prize. Her most recent book, The Art of Logic in an Illogical World, was published in 2018 and was praised in the Guardian.
Cheng was an early pioneer of math on YouTube, and her most viewed video, about math and bagels, has been viewed more than 18 million times to date. She has also assisted with mathematics in elementary schools and high schools for 20 years. Cheng writes the "Everyday Math" column for the Wall Street Journal, is a concert pianist and founded the Liederstube, a not-for-profit organization in Chicago bringing classical music to a wider audience. In 2017 she completed her first mathematical art commission, for Hotel EMC2 in Chicago; her second was installed in 2018 in the Living Architecture exhibit at 6018 North.
Cheng is Scientist In Residence at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and won tenure in Pure Mathematics at the University of Sheffield, UK. She is now Honorary Fellow at the University of Sheffield and Honorary Visiting Fellow at City University, London. She has previously taught at the universities of Cambridge, Chicago and Nice and holds a PhD in pure mathematics from the University of Cambridge. Her research is in the field of Category Theory, and to date she has published 16 research papers in international journals.
You can learn more about her in this in-depth biographic interview on the BBC's Life Scientific.
Eugenia Cheng | Speaker | TED.com