Mennat El Ghalid: How fungi recognize (and infect) plants
メナット・エル・ガリド: 菌類は侵す植物をいかに見付けるのか
Mennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
絶えさせるのか
[ロバート・フロスト 1936年]
アメリカ東海岸の栗の木が
counting nearly four billion trees,
by a fungal infection.
壊滅しました
pathogens of plants,
植物にとって
病原体です
economic importance.
農作物の損失は
with fungal infection
数十億ドル規模にもなるなんて
per year, worldwide?
to feed half a billion people.
5億人を食べさせるに足る量です
もたらします
in developing countries,
for farmers and distributors,
収入の大幅な減少
価格の高騰
poison produced by fungi.
マイコトキシンにさらされるリスク
used to prevent and treat
現在の方法は
遺伝的防除にせよ
exploiting natural sources of resistance,
その他のものにせよ
treatment, among others,
ということです
なりません
to develop more efficient strategies
速やかに開発する必要があり
狙いを付けられる生物学的メカニズムを
to identify biological mechanisms
by novel antifungal treatments.
is that they cannot move
伸びて成長するだけで
to form a sophisticated network,
形成するということです
the father of plant pathology,
アントン・ド・バリーは
シグナルによって
that fungi are guided by signals
考えました
菌類が住み着く植物のことです
it can lodge and subsist,
灯台の役割を果たし
そちらへと成長し 到達し
ということです
発見することは
of such signals
阻害する方法を開発するための鍵になると
that then serves to elaborate strategy
between the fungus and the plant.
method at that moment
そのための適切な手段がなく
解明することはできませんでした
this mechanism at the molecular level.
genomic approaches,
使ったアプローチと
可能にする手法により
of directed hyphal growth,
私がいたチームと私はついに
that after 130 years,
特定に成功したことを
could finally identify such plant signals
between a pathogenic fungus
という病原菌と
トマトの木の間の
the tomato plant.
得られた結果です
菌類の受容体と
receiving those signals
菌類の中で起きる反応の一部を
occurring within the fungus
toward the plant.
分子過程の理解は
of such molecular processes
生み出すのに使いうる
novel antifungal treatments.
教えてくれます
the fungus and the plant
ブロックすることで
妨げます
which receives those signals.
大きな打撃を与えてきました
agriculture crops.
求められる時代を迎えています
is increasing significantly.
economic development,
バイオ燃料の需要などのためです
of the molecular mechanism
トマトの木のような宿主植物の間の
a fungus and its host plant,
理解することは
towards developing more efficient strategy
より効率的な戦略の開発に繋がり
食の安全
that affect people's lives,
問題を解決するための
可能性があります
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mennat El Ghalid - MycologistMennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity.
Why you should listen
Mycologist Mennat El Ghalid received an Initial Training Networks - Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship to pursue her PhD project in the Molecular Genetics of Fungal Pathogenicity Unit and the International Campus of Excellence in Agrifood CeiA3 at the Universidad de Cordoba (Spain). During her PhD, her former team and herself identified the compounds secreted from the plant roots attracting Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus and characterized the underlying mechanisms of attraction. Such compounds were tracked since the 19th century. The discovery was published in the Nature Journal.
El Ghalid became a TED Fellow in 2017 and have been selected as one of the 100 women honorees for OkayAfrica's 2018 #OKAY100Women list for her dedicated work and for being a promising talent within the field of STEM. She is currently working at Institut Pasteur (France) in the Biology and Pathogenicity Unit to study Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and the main cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised humans.
Mennat El Ghalid | Speaker | TED.com