Mennat El Ghalid: How fungi recognize (and infect) plants
멘나트 엘 갈리드(Mennat El Ghalid): 곰팡이는 어떻게 식물을 인식하고 감염시키는가
Mennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
[로버츠 프로스트, 1936년]
counting nearly four billion trees,
미국 동부 밤나무 개체 수는
by a fungal infection.
완전히 멸종되었습니다.
pathogens of plants,
경제에 중요한 농작물에게
economic importance.
세계적으로 매년 손실되는 농작물이
with fungal infection
per year, worldwide?
믿을 수 있습니까?
to feed half a billion people.
충분한 칼로리양과 같습니다.
파급효과도 불러일으키는데
in developing countries,
for farmers and distributors,
poison produced by fungi.
노출될 위험성이 있습니다.
used to prevent and treat
예방과 치료를 위해
exploiting natural sources of resistance,
treatment, among others,
일시적이라는 것입니다.
새롭게 유지되어야 합니다
to develop more efficient strategies
더욱 효과적인 전략을 개발해야 하고
to identify biological mechanisms
항진균제 연구 등을 통하여
규명하는 연구가 필요합니다.
by novel antifungal treatments.
is that they cannot move
스스로 움직일 수 없다는 것입니다.
to form a sophisticated network,
정교한 네트워크를 생성하는데
the father of plant pathology,
안톤 드 바리는
that fungi are guided by signals
살아갈 수 있는 식물
신호에 의해 유도된다는 사실을
it can lodge and subsist,
등대와 같은 역할을 합니다.
해당 위치로 성장하고, 도달하여
서식하게 만듭니다.
of such signals
대한 사실을 깨달았고
that then serves to elaborate strategy
상호 작용을 차단할 수 있는
위대한 발견이었습니다.
between the fungus and the plant.
method at that moment
this mechanism at the molecular level.
적절한 방법이 부족했습니다.
genomic approaches,
유전적 처리법의 사용
of directed hyphal growth,
측정할 수 있게 되었고
that after 130 years,
130년이 지난 지금
could finally identify such plant signals
'시들음병균'이라 불리는 병원성 곰팡이와
between a pathogenic fungus
상호 작용을 연구하여
신호들을 밝혀냈습니다.
the tomato plant.
receiving those signals
곰팡이 세포 수용체와
occurring within the fungus
기초 반응의 일부
toward the plant.
특정할 수 있었습니다.
감사합니다.
of such molecular processes
novel antifungal treatments.
사용될 수 있습니다.
the fungus and the plant
상호작용을 방해하여
which receives those signals.
수용체를 차단할 수 있습니다.
agriculture crops.
황폐하게 만들고 있습니다.
is increasing significantly.
economic development,
사용 등과 연관되어 있습니다.
of the molecular mechanism
a fungus and its host plant,
우리의 분자 메커니즘 이해는
더욱 효과적인 전략을 만들 수 있으며
towards developing more efficient strategy
식량 안전, 경제 성장 등의 문제 해결에
that affect people's lives,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mennat El Ghalid - MycologistMennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity.
Why you should listen
Mycologist Mennat El Ghalid received an Initial Training Networks - Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship to pursue her PhD project in the Molecular Genetics of Fungal Pathogenicity Unit and the International Campus of Excellence in Agrifood CeiA3 at the Universidad de Cordoba (Spain). During her PhD, her former team and herself identified the compounds secreted from the plant roots attracting Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus and characterized the underlying mechanisms of attraction. Such compounds were tracked since the 19th century. The discovery was published in the Nature Journal.
El Ghalid became a TED Fellow in 2017 and have been selected as one of the 100 women honorees for OkayAfrica's 2018 #OKAY100Women list for her dedicated work and for being a promising talent within the field of STEM. She is currently working at Institut Pasteur (France) in the Biology and Pathogenicity Unit to study Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and the main cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised humans.
Mennat El Ghalid | Speaker | TED.com