Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
ガウタム・バーン: 1億人分の家を作る大胆な計画
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Chennai or Kolkata,
デリーでもチェンナイでも コルカタでも
one great thing in common,
ある素敵な共通点があります
smaller places arriving in search of work.
喜んで受け入れるという点です
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
都市に大きな影響を及ぼすということです
in these cities are born.
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
ガウタム・バーン博士をお迎えします
to this increasing problem.
新しい解決策を思い描いておられる方です
of urban India that he can see.
博士のビジョンをお話しいただきましょう
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
インドの新しいアイデア」へ
until a few years ago,
数年前まで
誰かに尋ねると
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
コルカタなどと返ってきて
聞いたものです
nobody was from a city;
都市出身の人はいませんでした
変わりつつありますが
できているでしょうか
生まれたとします
あくせく働いてきました
to a city for progress.
都市に来たでしょう
you were born in the city itself.
都市の出身かもしれません
for an accommodation in the city,
探すことになります
見つけられるでしょうか?
short of at least 20 million homes.
2千万戸足りないそうです
that's 100 million people.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
不足ではありません
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
人のための物件です
an affordable home in this budget?
見つけられるでしょうか?
what would you do?
どうしますか?
or some sort of jewellery.
in a city to either buy or rent,
見つからなかったら
what most people end up doing.
家を構えようとするでしょう
に住むでしょう
呼び続けるかもしれませんが
そうするように
ホームレスではありません
are in settlements.
「居住地」にあります
of an affordable home in India.
手の届く価格の家の真相です
but not sturdy.
頑丈ではありません
but not cheap.
安くはありません
of a new thought from here itself.
導かなければなりません
it is a solution.
解決策なのです
それを安全で頑丈にすることです
of 20 million homes
25 square foot flats,
作ることはできませんし
2.6 million homes.
260万戸の家が必要になります
to make 350,000 homes.
with complete sincerity,
取り組んだとしても
in the next couple of lifetimes.
解決できそうにありません
止めることです
in progress in the past,
過去 一度もなく
the laborers who build and run the city
その都市の土地に住む権利があるというふうに
on illegally captured land,
思うかもしれません
in the dead of the night.
夜中こっそり起こるのではありません
to the government or not,
なかろうと
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
40年 そこに存在していたと認めています
illegally captured land is this,
is declared illegal?
言い渡されるものでしょうか?
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
都市の人口の15%から60%にあたります
or maximum ten percent of the land.
多くても10%です
a right over this small bit of land?
住む権利を持てないものでしょうか?
by the cost of its land.
土地の価格で測られます
of a person living on a piece of land?
どう測れるというのでしょうか
for shiny homes;
求められていません
求められるのです
toilets and drainage.
あるプログラムで
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
行わないという約束がなされました
were provided to them.
与えられました
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
場所となり 1つの世界に変わりました
even a single new home.
ありませんでした
at national scale,
このプログラムを始めました
to live over that land.
与えられました
but the right to live there,
そこで暮らし
that to move forward,
人類が前に進むためには
できないと気づいています
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
という考えを広める必要があります
現実に起こっていないのか?
need to look deep within
深く内省し
and apprehensions that we have.
取り去る必要があります
here in front of you today.
立っているべきなのは私ではありません
there should be standing here.
居住地に住む人なのです
you wouldn't have listened to him.
皆さんは聞く耳を持たないでしょう
I am not from a settlement.
と思うから 私の話を聞くのです
that needs to be changed.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
an example of Thailand
先ほどタイの事例がありました
to settle in, not to sell.
売るためのものではない
or program in our country too,
周囲の方々のお話に触発された―
and those of people around you?
プログラムはありますか?
言えませんが
who are fighting for rights in the city.
という人々の活動が
announced the same scheme:
同様の構想を発表しました
will have rights over that land.
土地の権利を得るという構想です
shouldn't be called populism;
呼ぶべきではないと思います
development strategy.
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
ボトムアップで起こるものだからです
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
「居住地」と言うことにします 絶対に
wonderful things.
素晴らしいお話をしてくださいました
as I am a terrible singer.
下手なので 歌いはしません
because we are saying wonderful things.
素晴らしい話をしているのですから
心は居住地を見つけるだろう
心は居住地を見つけるだろう
with love and fun times.
満たされるのはそれからだ
Thank you.
ありがとうございました
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com