Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
Gautam Bhan: Un plan audacieux pour loger 100 millions de personnes
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Delhi, Chennai ou Kolkota,
Chennai or Kolkata,
one great thing in common,
smaller places arriving in search of work.
qui cherchent du travail.
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
a des conséquences :
in these cities are born.
en implantations humaines,
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
une solution à ce problème croissant.
to this increasing problem.
de sa nouvelle Inde urbaine.
of urban India that he can see.
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
le Dr Gautam Bhan.
until a few years ago,
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
ne venait d’une ville ;
nobody was from a city;
dans les champs toute leur vie.
to a city for progress.
pour vous développer.
vous êtes né en ville.
you were born in the city itself.
for an accommodation in the city,
un logement en ville
un logement abordable ?
d’au moins 20 millions de logements.
short of at least 20 million homes.
that's 100 million people.
soit 100 millions de personnes.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
de logements luxueux,
10 à 15 000 roupies par mois.
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
abordable avec ce budget ?
an affordable home in this budget?
what would you do?
or some sort of jewellery.
une auto ou un bijou.
in a city to either buy or rent,
à louer ou acheter en ville,
la plupart des gens finissent par faire :
what most people end up doing.
une installation illégale.
encore bidonville,
une installation informelle.
ne sont pas sans domicile.
de leurs mains.
are in settlements.
du logement abordable en Inde.
of an affordable home in India.
but not sturdy.
sont peu chères, mais pas très solides.
but not cheap.
d’une nouvelle idée.
of a new thought from here itself.
it is a solution.
un problème, mais une solution.
et bien solide.
of 20 million homes
de 20 millions de logements
25 square foot flats,
d’appartements de 2 mètres carrés.
n’est pas une bonne idée.
de 2,6 millions de logements.
2.6 million homes.
to make 350,000 homes.
with complete sincerity,
même en 100 ans.
in the next couple of lifetimes.
de nouveaux logements,
pour résoudre ce problème ?
un quartier informel plus sûr ?
in progress in the past,
the laborers who build and run the city
que les bâtisseurs et travailleurs
que les quartiers informels
on illegally captured land,
appropriés illégalement,
ils n’agissent pas la nuit.
in the dead of the night.
des terres appartenant à l’État,
to the government or not,
ne se forment pas en secret.
les quartiers informels
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
depuis 10, 20, 30, voire plus de 40 ans.
d’appropriation illégale est-ce là ?
illegally captured land is this,
is declared illegal?
on la déclare illégale ?
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
15 à 60 % de la population d’une ville,
or maximum ten percent of the land.
au plus 10 % des terres.
peut-il n’avoir aucun droit
a right over this small bit of land?
au coût de ses terrains.
by the cost of its land.
of a person living on a piece of land?
sur un bout de terrain ?
for shiny homes;
besoin de maisons neuves.
toilets and drainage.
eau, services sanitaires et égouts.
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
10 années sans éviction.
Rien par écrit. Aucun document officiel.
were provided to them.
une localité, une place,
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
even a single new home.
bâtir une seule maison.
at national scale,
un programme à l’échelle nationale,
dans 137 villes.
l’autorisation d’habiter là.
to live over that land.
but the right to live there,
mais le droit d’habiter là,
that to move forward,
que si l’on veut avancer,
les quartiers informels.
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
plus sûrs, plus solides.
alors, pourquoi on ne fait rien ?
aux quartiers informels,
devons pratiquer l’introspection,
need to look deep within
et à la peur qui nous habitent.
and apprehensions that we have.
m’adresser à vous aujourd’hui.
here in front of you today.
there should be standing here.
informel devrait être ici devant vous.
you wouldn't have listened to him.
vous n’auriez pas écouté.
je ne viens pas d’un quartier informel.
I am not from a settlement.
that needs to be changed.
qu’il faut changer.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
an example of Thailand
la Thaïlande en exemple
dans cette situation,
to settle in, not to sell.
par les gens, mais pas à vendre.
or program in our country too,
ou un projet semblable en Inde,
and those of people around you?
et vos collègues ?
who are fighting for rights in the city.
qui lutte pour ses droits dans la ville.
le Premier ministre, M. Patnaik,
announced the same scheme:
will have rights over that land.
auront des droits sur leurs terres.
shouldn't be called populism;
ce programme de populisme.
development strategy.
de développement économique
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
part du bas et non du haut.
dire bidonville, plus jamais.
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
pour toujours.
wonderful things.
des choses extraordinaires
as I am a terrible singer.
car je chante très mal,
que nous disons des choses merveilleuses.
because we are saying wonderful things.
trouve son quartier informel. »
trouve son quartier informel. »
with love and fun times.
d’amour et de plaisir.
Thank you.
Merci beaucoup.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com