Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people
Gautam Bhan: Um plano ousado para dar moradia a 100 milhões de pessoas
Gautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Chennai or Kolkata,
one great thing in common,
têm algo incrível em comum:
smaller places arriving in search of work.
de lugares menores em busca de emprego.
this warm welcome leads to consequences.
tem consequências.
in these cities are born.
expert and researcher: Dr. Gautam Bhan,
e especialista em assentamentos,
to this increasing problem.
para esse problema crescente.
of urban India that he can see.
a nova Índia urbana que ele imagina.
welcomes Dr. Gautam Bhan.
dá as boas-vindas ao Dr. Gautam Bhan.
until a few years ago,
se você perguntasse a alguém:
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata.
nobody was from a city;
ninguém era de uma cidade;
tenha nascido em outro lugar.
como operários o dia todo.
to a city for progress.
a uma cidade para progredir.
you were born in the city itself.
você tenha nascido na cidade.
for an accommodation in the city,
de acomodação na cidade,
a preço acessível?
short of at least 20 million homes.
pelo menos 20 milhões de casas.
that's 100 million people.
são 100 milhões de pessoas.
(bedroom hall kitchen).
de três dormitórios.
10 to 15,000 rupees per month.
entre US$ 150 e US$ 230 por mês.
an affordable home in this budget?
a preço acessível com esse orçamento?
what would you do?
o que você faria?
or some sort of jewellery.
in a city to either buy or rent,
ou alugar uma casa numa cidade,
what most people end up doing.
o que a maioria das pessoas acaba fazendo:
chamando de favela,
are in settlements.
fica em assentamentos.
of an affordable home in India.
a preço acessível na Índia.
but not sturdy.
são baratas, mas não são robustas.
but not cheap.
mas não são baratas.
of a new thought from here itself.
para um novo pensamento.
it is a solution.
um problema; é uma solução.
of 20 million homes
de 20 milhões de moradias,
25 square foot flats,
de apartamentos de 2 metros quadrados,
2.6 million homes.
de 2,6 milhões de casas.
to make 350,000 homes.
construir 350 mil casas.
with complete sincerity,
com muito empenho,
in the next couple of lifetimes.
nas próximas existências.
in progress in the past,
em progresso no passado
the laborers who build and run the city
e administram uma cidade
on illegally captured land,
em terrenos ocupados ilegalmente,
in the dead of the night.
na calada da noite.
to the government or not,
there for over 10, 20, 30, even 40 years.
há mais de 10, 20, 30, até 40 anos.
illegally captured land is this,
ocupada ilegalmente é essa,
is declared illegal?
de repente é declarada ilegal?
15 to 60 percent of a city's population
acomodar de 15% a 60% da população
or maximum ten percent of the land.
ou, no máximo, 10% da terra.
a right over this small bit of land?
não tenham direito a um pedaço de terra?
by the cost of its land.
é medido pelo preço de sua terra.
of a person living on a piece of land?
que mora num pedaço de terra?
for shiny homes;
toilets and drainage.
água e saneamento básico.
promised there wouldn't be any eviction.
ações de despejo em 44 assentamentos.
were provided to them.
foram atendidas.
a locality, a place, a world of its own.
uma localidade, um mundo próprio.
even a single new home.
uma única casa nova.
at national scale,
em escala nacional,
em 137 cidades.
to live over that land.
o direito de viver naquela terra.
but the right to live there,
só o direito de morar,
that to move forward,
to make settlements secure and sturdy.
os assentamentos seguros e robustos.
por que isso não acontece?
aos assentamentos,
need to look deep within
and apprehensions that we have.
e das apreensões que temos.
here in front of you today.
hoje, falando para vocês.
there should be standing here.
que vive no assentamento.
you wouldn't have listened to him.
vocês não iriam escutá-la.
I am not from a settlement.
que não venho de um assentamento.
that needs to be changed.
que precisa ser mudado.
Thank you, Dr. Gautam Bhan.
an example of Thailand
o exemplo da Tailândia,
são para as pessoas se instalarem;
to settle in, not to sell.
or program in our country too,
com esse pensamento em seu país,
and those of people around you?
e pelas pessoas a seu redor?
who are fighting for rights in the city.
que estão lutando por direitos na cidade.
announced the same scheme:
anunciou o mesmo esquema:
will have rights over that land.
terão direito sobre aquela terra.
shouldn't be called populism;
não deveria ser chamado de populismo,
development strategy.
de desenvolvimento econômico,
happen from the top, but from the bottom.
não ocorre a partir do topo, mas de baixo.
e nunca mais de favelas.
and not slums, ever again. 100 percent.
wonderful things.
e disse tantas coisas maravilhosas.
as I am a terrible singer.
because we are saying wonderful things.
dissemos coisas maravilhosas.
vai encontrar assentamento.
vai encontrar assentamento.
with love and fun times.
amor e tempos felizes.
Thank you.
Dr. Gautam Bhan. Obrigado.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gautam Bhan - UrbanistGautam Bhan studies how cities produce and reproduce poverty and inequality.
Why you should listen
Gautam Bhan's work is based in and emerges from particular cities that for a long time were thought to be "peripheral" -- Delhi, Mumbai, Cairo, Lagos, Jakarta and Johannesburg -- cities of what is sometimes today called the "global south." He feels passionate about producing knowledge not just about these cities but doing so from them. For too long, he says, "Southern cities have been places for others to come and fix, rather than places with their own ways of getting things done that work for us."
Bhan believes that urbanization in the global south is one of the most profound challenges of the 21st century. It's in these cities that many of the battles of sustainability and equity will either be won or lost. He found his way to these questions in his own city -- New Delhi -- through forced evictions, the brutal demolition of the homes of the city's poorest who lived in informal settlements that brought him to his work on housing and the right to the city. His research is informed by his own political engagement both as an anti-eviction activist as well as someone working with the government to prevent evictions from occurring in the first place.
Bhan teaches as the Indian Institute for Human Settlements in Bangalore, a new educational institution that shares his intent of bringing together teaching, research and practice on the city as well as producing knowledge from the south. In 2017, he authored In the Public’s Interest: Evictions, Citizenship and Inequality in Contemporary Delhi (Orient Blackswan/University of Georgia Press), as well as co-edited the Routledge Companion to Planning in the Global South (Routledge). He writes as much publicly as academically and is a frequent columnist in Indian newspapers, blogs and online. He is also the co-founder of New Text, and he's deeply involved in sexuality rights movements in India.
Gautam Bhan | Speaker | TED.com