Lauren Sallan: How to win at evolution and survive a mass extinction
Lorena Selana: Kā uzvarēt evolūcijā un pārdzīvot masveida izmiršanu?
TED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
dzīvi, augošas sugas pārstāvji,
greatest winners --
uzvarētājiem vēsturē,
four billion years in the making.
veiksmes stāsta kulminācija.
who have ever lived,
of golden opportunities
masveida izmiršanas sniegtajām iespējām.
of your co-winners and relatives.
līdzuzvarētājiem un radiniekiem –
who uses big data --
kas izmanto lielos datus –
and others lose.
uzvar un citas zaudē.
of beautiful fish fossils,
daudz brīnišķīgu zivju fosiliju,
number of ugly, broken fossils,
neglītu, salauztu fosiliju
for evolutionary patterns.
500 miljonu gadu datubāzē.
major pathways of change
galvenos pārmaiņu virzienus
of the winners and losers
stāstā par uzvarētājiem un zaudētājiem,
I discovered using fossil data.
360 miljonu senā pagātnē –
as the last dinosaur --
nekā pēdējais dinozaurs –
with razor-edge jaws dominated
ar žokļiem žiletes asumā
with arm bones in their fins.
kuru spurās bija roku kauli.
across the sea floor.
of salmon and tuna
laša un tunča radinieki
lived offshore in fear.
bailēs mitinājās prom no krasta.
the tetrapods,
četrkājaiņi,
tropu upju līdzenumos.
visu zivju sugu izmira
359 million years ago:
pirms 359 miljoniem gadu,
and swept away.
tika izjaukta un aizslaucīta.
that's the end of the story.
the meek inherited the earth,
came from many groups --
pārstāvēja daudzas grupas,
patukšojusi tās visas.
to bottom-feeder,
augšgala, gan apakšgala,
over the next several million years
darīja vairākus miljonus gadu pēc tam.
should have had an advantage.
vajadzēja būt kādai priekšrocībai.
and biding their time.
ir nogrimuši aizmirstībā.
sharks and four-legged tetrapods
haizivīm un četrkājaiņiem
dying young,
and reproducing rapidly.
and weird bodies.
for their 60,000 living species,
evolutionary pathways.
citus evolūcijas ceļus.
repeat across time.
atkārtojas cauri laikam.
upon thousands of dead fishes,
tūkstošiem beigto zivju,
through mass extinction,
un reaģēja uz masu izmiršanu,
will not just replace what was lost,
dažādību un veiksmi,
bet uzvarēs arī jaunās formās.
vairāki miljoni gadu.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lauren Sallan - PaleobiologistTED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens.
Why you should listen
Lauren Sallan uses the vast fossil record of fishes as a deep time database, mining to find out why some species persist and diversify while others die off. She has used these methods to discover the lost, largest, "sixth" mass extinction of vertebrates; the end-Devonian Hangenberg event (359 million years ago), reveal how fish heads changed first during their rise to dominance; test why some species thrive after global disruptions while others flounder; and show how invasions by new predators can shift prey diversity at global scales.
Sallan is the Martin Meyerson Assistant Professor in Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, based in the Department Earth and Environmental Science, and became a TED Fellow in 2017. Her research has been published in Science, PNAS and Current Biology. It has also been featured in the New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, Forbes, the New Scientist, the Discovery Channel and the recent popular science book, The Ends of the World by Peter Brannen.
Lauren Sallan | Speaker | TED.com