Lauren Sallan: How to win at evolution and survive a mass extinction
Лорен Саллан: Как победить в эволюционной борьбе и избежать массового вымирания
TED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
greatest winners --
four billion years in the making.
длиной в четыре миллиарда лет.
who have ever lived,
of golden opportunities
по воле прекрасного случая,
массовое вымирание.
of your co-winners and relatives.
и к вашим сородичам-победителям.
who uses big data --
с помощью больших массивов данных —
and others lose.
определённые виды смогли выжить.
of beautiful fish fossils,
прекрасных останков рыб,
number of ugly, broken fossils,
количество уродливых, сломанных останков
for evolutionary patterns.
в поисках эволюционных паттернов.
major pathways of change
для определения основных путей перемен
произошли со временем.
of the winners and losers
I discovered using fossil data.
мной благодаря данным об ископаемых.
на 360 миллионов лет —
as the last dinosaur --
чем эпоха жизни динозавров, —
with razor-edge jaws dominated
хищники с острыми как бритва челюстями
with arm bones in their fins.
костяными плавниками.
across the sea floor.
множество крабоподобных рыб.
of salmon and tuna
дальние родственники лосося и тунца
lived offshore in fear.
несколько доисторических акул.
the tetrapods,
359 million years ago:
Хангенбергского события;
and swept away.
that's the end of the story.
что это конец истории.
the meek inherited the earth,
came from many groups --
из немногочисленных
to bottom-feeder,
over the next several million years
за следующие несколько миллионов лет
should have had an advantage.
должно было быть преимущество.
and biding their time.
и ждали своего часа.
sharks and four-legged tetrapods
лучепёрых рыб, акул и четвероногих
dying young,
and reproducing rapidly.
and weird bodies.
for their 60,000 living species,
60 000 других видов,
evolutionary pathways.
альтернативные, эволюционные пути.
repeat across time.
повторялись в истории.
upon thousands of dead fishes,
тысячи тысяч останков рыб,
through mass extinction,
в эпоху массового вымирания
хотя бы несколько видов,
will not just replace what was lost,
не просто заменят проигравших,
несколько миллионов лет.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lauren Sallan - PaleobiologistTED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens.
Why you should listen
Lauren Sallan uses the vast fossil record of fishes as a deep time database, mining to find out why some species persist and diversify while others die off. She has used these methods to discover the lost, largest, "sixth" mass extinction of vertebrates; the end-Devonian Hangenberg event (359 million years ago), reveal how fish heads changed first during their rise to dominance; test why some species thrive after global disruptions while others flounder; and show how invasions by new predators can shift prey diversity at global scales.
Sallan is the Martin Meyerson Assistant Professor in Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, based in the Department Earth and Environmental Science, and became a TED Fellow in 2017. Her research has been published in Science, PNAS and Current Biology. It has also been featured in the New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, Forbes, the New Scientist, the Discovery Channel and the recent popular science book, The Ends of the World by Peter Brannen.
Lauren Sallan | Speaker | TED.com