Darrick Hamilton: How "baby bonds" could help close the wealth gap
Darrick Hamilton: Como "títulos de bebês" podem diminuir a desigualdade
Darrick Hamilton crafts and implements innovative routes and policies that break down social hierarchy and move society towards greater equity, inclusion and civic participation. Full bio
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grit and personal responsibility
bravura e responsabilidade
and achieve economic success.
e alcançar o sucesso econômico.
we call it the American dream.
de sonho americano.
exists all over the world.
of making this happen
de fazer isso acontecer
in which we are born.
em que nascemos.
that the United States government,
que o governo dos Estados Unidos,
for every newborn
para cada recém-nascido
of the family in which they are born.
em que cada um nascer.
a publicly established baby trust,
para bebês estabelecido publicamente,
at Duke University and I
da Universidade Duke, e eu
historian from Columbia University,
historiador da Universidade Columbia,
these trusts is simple.
desses fundos é simples.
of economic security and well-being.
de segurança econômica e bem-estar.
economic security to take risk
e segurança econômica para tomar riscos
to describe the benefits of the market,
para descrever os benefícios do mercado,
choice, freedom and optionality.
escolha, liberdade e opções.
to finance an elite, independent school
de pagar uma escola independente, de elite
para começar um negócio,
with higher amenities,
through campaign finance,
por meio de financiamento de campanha,
criminal justice system,
de justiça criminal caro,
resulting from any number of emergencies.
causadas por qualquer tipo de emergência.
à segurança econômica,
to economic security,
in the context of the United States,
dos Estados Unidos,
applies virtually to any country
a praticamente qualquer país
10 percent of households
aos 10% mais ricos
of the nation's wealth
owns only about one percent.
possuem apenas cerca de 1%.
than class itself.
que a própria classe social.
make up 30 percent
da população dos Estados Unidos,
of the nation's wealth.
cerca de 7% da riqueza da nação.
ao consumidor de 2016
has about 17,000 dollars in wealth,
tem cerca de US$ 17 mil em patrimônio,
has about 170,000.
tem cerca de US$ 170 mil.
of an absolute racial wealth gap
has about 10 cents for every dollar
tem por volta de US$ 0,10
to address these inequalities.
expansion, inequality grows.
a desigualdade cresce.
has increased dramatically,
cresceu drasticamente,
from America's increase in productivity
com o aumento de produtividade nos EUA
or the upper middle class.
ou para a classe média alta.
around economic disparity
sobre disparidade econômica
recebedores de empréstimos.
economic circumstance,
de escassez econômica,
or deficient knowledge,
ou falta de conhecimento,
and leaves people with no options
as pessoas sem outras opções
is not the magic antidote
não é um antídoto mágico
policies and economic arrangement.
político e econômico.
the value of education.
intrinsic values to education,
intrínsecos à educação,
to a high-quality education,
à educação de qualidade,
all the way through college.
where the head graduated from college
cujo responsável possui ensino superior
where the head dropped out of high school.
não passou do ensino médio.
the functional role of education
a função prática da educação
the functional role of wealth.
a função prática da riqueza.
that begets more wealth.
que gera mais riqueza.
o fundo para bebês.
to capital for everyone.
would be held in public trust
em um fundo público
to an economically secure life.
para uma vida econômica segura.
is not new nor is it radical.
não é novo nem radical.
of an economic Bill of Rights.
de direitos econômicos.
social security and moral security.
the Nixon administration,
regarding social mobility
à mobilidade social
government mandates to economic security
visando à seguridade econômica
to be the solution for all our problems,
é a solução de todos os nossos problemas,
has shifted on to the individual.
social recaiu sobre o indivíduo.
that even if your lot in life is subpar,
se você nascer sem recursos,
and the virtues of the free market,
e as virtudes do mercado livre,
proverbial rags into riches.
is that the virtues of the market
que as virtudes do mercado
that are not astute,
or those that are simply lazy.
ou simplesmente preguiçosos.
will receive their just rewards.
que merecerem serão recompensados.
from this narrative
de forma gritante
para mudar as regras
and structure of transactions and markets
e mercados antes de tudo.
of both stratification and inequality.
de estratificação e desigualdade.
egalitarian and an authentic pathway
mais igualitário e autêntico
financial position
financeiras da família
the economic rights to old-age pensions
os direitos econômicos das aposentadorias
social security program,
de seguridade social mais abrangente,
from cradle all the way through grave.
financeiros do nascimento até a morte.
with an average account of 25,000 dollars
para cada recém-nascido norte-americano,
upwards to 60,000 dollars
até US$ 60 mil
in the social contract,
nominal account of about 500 dollars.
de cerca de US$ 500.
sob uma taxa de juros anual garantida
annual interest rate
in order to curtail inflation cost,
para compensar a inflação,
reaches adulthood
atingissem a idade adulta
que melhorasse suas condições,
university education,
sem se endividar,
born each year in the US,
nascendo por ano nos EUA,
is set at 25,000 dollars,
for definida em US$ 25 mil,
about 100 billion dollars a year.
US$ 100 bilhões por ano.
of current federal expenditures
the 500-plus billion dollars
que os mais de US$ 500 bilhões
by the federal government
through tax credits and subsidies.
como créditos fiscais e subsídios.
of that allocation
one percent of households,
o grupo dos 1% mais ricos,
mais de US$ 100 milhões,
of this entire allocation,
receive only five percent.
recebem apenas 5%.
in a more progressive manner,
de maneira mais progressiva,
transformative for all Americans.
transformadoras para todos no país.
to be worked out,
muitos detalhes para ajustar,
grounded in the functional roles
baseada nas funções práticas
from the reinforcing status quo
comportamentais padronizadas
that privileges existing wealth
patrimônios já existentes
new wealth is a choice.
é uma escolha.
is at least as much a problem of politics
é um problema tanto de política
the false narratives
de narrativas falsas
to individual personal deficits
a deficiências individuais
the advantages of wealth.
as vantagens da riqueza.
de fundos públicos para bebês
no sentido de eliminar
or disadvantage across generations
econômicas através de gerações
and decent economy
mais moral e decente
segurança econômica
in which they are born.
da família em que nasceram.
to like in this idea.
that I worry about,
do planejamento que me preocupa,
trust-fund kids have a really bad rap.
fiduciários têm má reputação.
eyeball-rolling poster children
takes away motivation.
de certa forma, acabar com a motivação.
that it's not going to do that?
que sua proposta não vai ser a mesma?
you have limited resources
que tem recursos limitados
econômicos de investir em mim mesmo
to investing in myself
narrative as well,
and going to face discrimination,
a resume-building strategy.
de construção de currículo.
twice as good as someone else."
duas vezes melhor que o outro".
we never ask at what cost,
nunca perguntamos a que custo,
associated with that.
but coming back to you question,
um dinheiro quando ficar mais velho,
a transfer at a later point in life,
for you to invest in yourself
para você investir em si mesmo
possibilities of life
possibilidades de vida a pessoas
o que dá motivação para que corram atrás.
Fico feliz que esteja trabalhando nisso.
for hours about this.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Darrick Hamilton - Stratification economistDarrick Hamilton crafts and implements innovative routes and policies that break down social hierarchy and move society towards greater equity, inclusion and civic participation.
Why you should listen
Darrick Hamilton is a pioneer and internationally recognized scholar in the field of stratification economics, which fuses social science methods to examine the causes, consequences and remedies of racial, gender, ethnic, tribal, nativity, etc. inequality in education, economic and health outcomes.
Hamilton'ss scholarship and practice, as well as his experience as a professor of economics and director of the doctoral program in public and urban policy at The New School, aligns closely to the work and objectives of The Ohio State University's Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. He will assume leadership of the nationally renowned research institute on January 1, 2019. In addition to serving as Kirwan's executive director, Hamilton will hold a faculty appointment in Ohio State's John Glenn College of Public Affairs, with courtesy appointments in the departments of economics and sociology within the College of Arts and Sciences.
Hamilton was born and raised in the Bedford Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, NY. He is a graduate of Oberlin College and earned a PhD in economics from the University of North Carolina. He completed postdoctoral appointments at the University of Michigan and Yale University, respectively. He is a fellow at the Roosevelt Institute and a National Advisory Committee member of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Policies for Action, Policy and Law Research Program to Build a Culture of Health.
Darrick Hamilton | Speaker | TED.com