Juan Enriquez: The age of genetic wonder
Juan Enriquez: Era minunilor genetice
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
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technologies tend to be overestimated
sunt supraestimate
in the long term
of miracle and wonder.
song by Paul Simon?
al lui Paul Simon?
miraculous back then?
a fi miraculos atunci?
mișcarea lentă...
to get interrupted by operators
eram întrerupți de operatoare
Do you want to hang up?"
Doriți să închideți?”
all over the world.
par ceva normal.
și programarea organismelor vii.
originally in their impact.
a fost supraestimat.
modele ale lui Galileo.
going to ruin all religion.
că va compromite toate religiile.
attention to telescopes.
prea multă atenție telescoapelor.
10 years ago, as you just heard,
acum zece ani, după cum tocmai ați auzit,
fly it to the moon,
on that Volkswagen light up on the moon.
acelui Volkswagen strălucind pe Lună.
that allowed you to see
care ne permite să vedem
floating around distant suns.
în jurul unor sori îndepărtați.
was a sun a billion light years away,
aflat la un miliard de ani lumină,
that came in front of it.
an exoplanet is like.
that are now being launched
a single candle lit on the moon.
o lumânare aprinsă aflată pe Lună.
la un braț distanță,
separately at that distance.
of resolution that you need
that little speck of dust
un fir de praf
o tentă albastră-verzuie.
a blue-green signature,
is common in the universe.
sunt des întâlnite în univers.
signature on a distant planet,
are o tentă albastră-verzuie,
the only other planet with photosynthesis
unde există fotosinteză
we were alone in the universe:
că nu suntem singuri în univers.
of whatever continent.
ar fi insignifiantă.
to be able to image most of the universe.
aproape tot universul.
ca fiind ceva normal.
in these little bits and pieces.
and we hear about this technology,
is that life turns out to be code.
viața se dovedește a fi un cod.
important concept because it means,
foarte important,
așa cum scriem o propoziție
as you can write a sentence
as you can copy a sentence,
as you can edit a sentence,
as you can print a sentence,
to do that with life.
și cu organismele vii.
to learn how to read this language.
cum să citim acest limbaj.
that is used by this orange.
de această portocală.
like a computer does.
de unu și zero ca un computer.
AGC: make me some flowers.
AGC: creează niște flori.
on a word processor,
într-un procesor de texte,
from this word to that word.
or something else that you've heard of,
sau alte metode cunoscute,
sitting next to you today.
care stă lângă voi astăzi.
is it was really expensive to begin with.
erau foarte scumpe,
50 percent faster than Moore's law.
decât prezice legea lui Moore.
was announced yesterday by Veritas.
de Veritas la 200 de dolari.
it doesn't matter, and then it does.
dar apoi contează.
the map view of this stuff.
o privire de ansamblu.
but instead of using a telescope,
dar în loc să folosim un telescop,
It's recessive and mutant.
cromozomului X, e recesiv și alterat.
and then you zoom in to 850,
more and more genes as you zoom in.
mai multe gene mărind imaginea.
who's got leukemia,
what kind of leukemia do they have,
to what place.
to the Google street view level.
if you have colorectal cancer
în cazul unui cancer colorectal
on the letter-by-letter resolution.
la o rezoluție maximă.
is we're gathering information
enormous amounts of information.
databases on the planet
de date de pe planetă,
than we can build computers to store it.
crea calculatoare pentru a o stoca.
maps with this stuff.
incredibile folosind asta.
and why one plague is bubonic
de ce una e ciumă bubonică,
is a different kind of plague
is a different kind of plague?
pentru oameni, altele nu.
as you go to the bottom of this,
tuberculosis and various kinds of plagues,
și diferite tipuri de ciumă.
with this stuff,
a very specific kind of cholera
which country it came from,
from that African country to Haiti.
în Haiti dintr-o țară africană.
ever done by human beings.
hărți făcute de oameni.
all the genetic information they have
on a single page
pe o singură pagină
how did it diversify, how did it branch,
s-au diversificat, cum s-au ramificat,
of life on Earth,
updated and completed.
the old biology used to be reactive.
that had microscopes,
and they were out observing animals.
you make stuff.
to do things like this.
să facem asemenea lucruri.
excited by this picture.
de această imagine.
and 40 million dollars
și 40 de milioane de dolari
out of a cell --
the full gene code out of a cell --
ci întregul cod genetic al celulei,
execute that code
synthetic life form.
artificială din lume.
to change the world.
to change the world.
a new industrial revolution.
o nouă revoluție industrială.
and Germany and Britain
Germania și Marea Britanie
like the one you see in this lobby,
cu mașinării ca cele din hol,
is changing the world,
and our concept of the universe --
și viziunea noastră asupra universului,
are also going to change the world
vor schimba lumea,
program your computer chip,
can produce photographs,
can produce spreadsheets.
flying through there.
pot circula prin celule,
își va crea propriile componente,
by your bedside,
de telefoane mobile dimineața.
cell phones in the morning.
at a very large scale.
is you can start producing
de carbon foarte redusă
for agricultural lands.
to make oils or to make proteins,
pentru producția de uleiuri sau proteine,
sau 100 de ori mai mare la hectar.
the productivity per hectare.
or you can make all the world's vaccines
toate vaccinurile din lume
that's held at CERN in those three vats.
păstrată la CERN în acele trei bazine.
information storage device.
a informației foarte performant.
of theoretical biology.
a biologiei teoretice.
of the most conservative places on earth.
sunt extrem de conservatoare.
e similar celui de acum 100 de ani.
to the way they taught anatomy
Iată cadavrul pentru tine.”
not good at is creating new departments,
creează noi secții.
based on informatics, data, knowledge
informatica, informațiile, cunoașterea,
what's beginning to happen is
să adune destule informații
the steps of physics,
theoretical biology.
so much data about people:
și microbiomul uman.
you've got their viromes,
is this is coming to the consumer.
consumatorul devine beneficiar.
poate fi identificată.
unor companii precum 23andMe,
companies like 23andMe,
are going to be giving you
to compare stuff across time,
very large databases.
a series of other businesses
you really don't want the consumer
să urineze pe materialul publicitar.
into the bathroom to pee on.
vorbim despre IKEA.
out of a magazine and you pee on it,
pe o foaie ruptă din revistă,
înseamnă că e însărcinată.
a discount on your crib.
responsabilizarea consumatorului,
doar în biotehnologie,
at Synthetic Genomics,
of these machines this year.
mașinării anul acesta.
This is printing biology.
E printare biologică.
pe termen lung
over a longer time period.
mai lungă de timp.
to redesign species.
să reedităm genetic specii.
We're redesigning flowers.
Reedităm genetic flori.
brings up the interesting question:
ridică o întrebare interesantă:
să reedităm genetic oameni?
"Oh no, we never want to redesign humans."
să reedităm genetic oameni.”
has a Huntington's gene
copilul nostru are o genă Huntington
a cystic fibrosis gene,
unei gene de fibroză chistică,
să ne reedităm genetic atât pe noi,
to redesign yourself,
and their children.
and they're going to happen in real time.
at the National Academies today
are loc o dezbatere
a gene drive into mosquitoes
de a modifica genetic țânțari,
all the malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
purtători de malarie.
in an extreme way, don't do it."
mediul înconjurător, nu faceți asta.”
that's killing millions of people yearly.
milioane de oameni anual.
că nu pot salva copiii din țara mea?”
that I can't save the kids in my country?"
atât de complicată?
let this loose in Brazil
un material modificat genetic.
a câștigat un Premiu Nobel,
that it's in other places?
to this graduate students
substanțe sau instrumente moderne.
any modern chemicals or instruments.
three billion years ago.
acum miliarde de ani.
You can't use this. You can't use that."
Nu puteți folosi asta, nici cealaltă.”
about three weeks ago.
acum vreo trei săptămâni.
ceva asemănător bulelor de săpun.
soap bubbles that are made out of lipids.
be absorbed by the cell
through the digital age --
să trăim în era digitală,
the age of the genome
and synthetic biology --
și a biologiei sintetice,
into the age of the brain.
se vor uni în era creierului.
we can rebuild most of our body parts,
majoritatea părților corpului
or burn your skin, it regrows.
sau pielea arsă să crească la loc.
how to regrow our tracheas
implanted in humans.
32 different organs.
and the rest is just packaging.
iar restul este doar un ambalaj.
120, 130, 140 years
de 120, 130, 140 de ani
an apocryphal quote from Einstein.
cu un citat apocrif al lui Einstein.
everything is a miracle,
totul este un miracol
nothing is a miracle.]
sau înfricoșătoare,
you can focus on the scary,
a lot of scary out there.
lucruri înfricoșătoare.
to focus on that, or maybe 20 percent,
pentru asta, sau poate 20%
of miracle and wonder.
a miracolelor și a magiei.
We're lucky to see this stuff.
să vedem aceste lucruri.
with folks like the folks
interacționa cu oamenii
din această sală.
all the stuff in this room.
for all you do.
pentru ceea ce faceți!
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com