Gabriela González: How LIGO discovered gravitational waves -- and what might be next
Габриэла Гонсалез: Как LIGO обнаружила гравитационные волны
Gabriela González is part of the collaboration of more than 1,000 scientists who measured for the first time the gravitational waves that Einstein predicted over 100 years ago. Full bio
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his theory of general relativity,
общую теорию относительности.
the planets -- attracts mass,
материя, планеты — притягиваются
as Newton claimed,
возникающей силы, как сказал Ньютон,
all of us, all the planets --
of space-time.
and that connects us all.
and distort its contour.
not according to Newton's laws,
this space-time curvature
пространства-времени
nestles up to us
из-за неровности матраса.
пришёл к выводу
when masses move,
revolve around one another
which carry energy from the system,
в пространстве-времени,
и заставляют звёзды приближаться.
to measure them.
сотням учёных из многих стран,
working in many countries
waves for the first time.
around one another --
accelerating in speed,
ускоряясь до тех пор,
at almost the speed of light,
почти со скоростью света.
into the space of 360 kilometers.
produced gravitational waves
вызвал гравитационные волны,
to the rest of the universe.
the effects of these gravitational waves,
заняло у нас много времени,
is by looking for effects in distances.
способ их измерить —
passed by Earth,
прошли через Землю
the distances between you and me,
расстояниях между вами и мной,
stretched and shrank a tiny bit.
is proportional to the distance.
пропорционален расстоянию,
than my slight height,
мой невысокий рост,
between the Earth and the Sun
между Землёй и Солнцем
физики-мечтатели —
at Caltech and MIT --
measure distances
что могут рассчитать точное расстояние,
distances between mirrors
расстояния между зеркалами,
and many scientists
и усилий многих учёных,
and develop the ideas.
wave detectors, two interferometers,
гравитационных волн —
движутся из центра,
through four kilometers in-vacuum,
and then they return.
и возвращаются в центр,
very, very sensitive;
instruments in the world.
that we want to measure come from space,
the gravitational wave effects --
гравитационных волн,
and should show up on the two detectors --
по астрофизической природе этих эффектов,
from the local effects,
локальных эффектов,
either on one or the other.
по отдельности друг от друга.
the second-generation technology
sensitivity that we wanted --
нужной нам точности.
two years later --
начать собирать данные.
готовились к этой возможности,
collecting a few months' worth of data.
in amplitude and frequency
и угасающих
in decoding this type of wave,
эту форму волны,
that they came from black holes
произошли из чёрных дыр,
this would happen until much later;
ourselves that it was true,
чтобы подтвердить предположения
any room for error.
really could measure these things,
могут измерить волны,
ещё одну гравитационную волну,
produced a difference in the distance
показала разницу расстояний
by our standards.
по нашим стандартам.
waves and not sound waves,
and listen to them.
через колонки.
to the first two notes of that music.
was the last fraction of a second
всего в долю секунды —
emitted vast amounts of energy --
осуществили выброс энергии,
converting into energy,
трёх солнц, превращающимся в энергию
we actually dance to it.
заставлю вас её послушать.
be used for?
what else is there left to do?"
be used for?
"What is the purpose of poetry?"
of the smell of coffee?"
it's for emotion, it's for living."
для эмоций, для жизни».
мы хотим знать,
how everything works,
all of us, everyone, as kids --
for the first time and see the stars,
now have a purpose,
уже приносят нам пользу,
a new way to explore the universe.
новый способ изучения Вселенной.
the light of the stars
to the sound of the universe,
через субстанции, не излучающие свет, —
like gravitational waves.
from gravitational waves?
стать частью какой-либо технологии?
the technology to detect them,
для обнаружения волн,
чтобы понять,
that they are useful.
to derive technology from science,
требует много времени,
more and more sensitive --
очень чувствительные детекторы
more black holes
how many there are, where they are
чтобы узнать, сколько их там, где они,
and turn into black holes.
слияние нейтронных звёзд,
rotating stars in our galaxy
звёзды в нашей галактике,
explosions of supernovas in our galaxy.
сверхновых в нашей галактике.
a whole spectrum of new sources.
которые мы сможем увидеть.
to the human body:
человеческому телу:
изобрёл телескоп
впервые появился звук.
to silent movies.
very fun, but very long --
international community of scientists,
together as a team,
sometimes encountering detours --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gabriela González - AstrophysicistGabriela González is part of the collaboration of more than 1,000 scientists who measured for the first time the gravitational waves that Einstein predicted over 100 years ago.
Why you should listen
Gabriela González is a physicist working on the discovery of gravitational waves with the LIGO team. She was born in Córdoba, Argentina, studied physics at the University of Córdoba, and pursued her PhD at Syracuse University, which obtained in 1995. She worked as a staff scientist in the LIGO group at MIT until 1997, when she joined the faculty at Penn State. In 2001 she joined the faculty at LSU, where she is a professor of physics and astronomy. She has received awards from the American Physical Society, the American Astronomical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, and she is a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences.
González has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration since it was funded in 1997, served as the elected LSC spokesperson in 2011-2017, and is known for participating in the announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves in 2016. Her work has focused on LIGO instrument development (especially reducing noise sources and tuning alignment systems) and LIGO data calibration and diagnostics, critical to increasing the astrophysical reach of data analysis methods.
Gabriela González | Speaker | TED.com