TED2011
Paul Nicklen: Animal tales from icy wonderlands
Paul Nicklen: Príbehy ľadovej ríše divov
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Fotograf, Paul Nicklen, sa potápal pod antarktickým ľadom, s cieľom dostať sa bližšie k obávanému tuleňovi leopardiemu, a popri tom si našiel nezvyčajného priateľa. Vo svojej reči sa podelí o vtipné, vášnivé príbehy z polárnej ríše divov, ilustrované prekrásnymi obrázkami zvierat, ktoré žijú na a pod ľadom.
Paul Nicklen - Polar photographer
Paul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments. Full bio
Paul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
My journey to become a polar specialist,
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Moja cesta k tomu, že som sa stal polárnym špecialistom,
00:18
photographing, specializing in the polar regions,
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ktorý fotí a špecializuje sa na polárne oblasti,
00:21
began when I was four years old,
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začala, keď som mal asi štyri roky,
00:23
when my family moved from Southern Canada
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keď sa moja rodina presťahovala z juhu Kanady
00:26
to Northern Baffin Island, up by Greenland.
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na sever ostrova Baffin, pri Grónsku.
00:29
There we lived with the Inuit
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Žili sme tam s Eskimákmi.
00:31
in the tiny Inuit community of 200 Inuit people,
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V malej komunite, ktorú tvorilo 200 Eskimákov,
00:33
where [we] were one of three non-Inuit families.
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sme boli jednou z troch neeskymáckych rodín.
00:36
And in this community, we didn't have a television;
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A v tejto komunite sme nemali televíziu;
00:38
we didn't have computers, obviously, radio.
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nemali sme počítače, rádio.
00:41
We didn't even have a telephone.
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Dokonca sme nemali ani telefón.
00:44
All of my time was spent outside
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Všetok čas som trávil vonku
00:46
with the Inuit, playing.
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hraním sa s Eskimákmi.
00:48
The snow and the ice were my sandbox,
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Sneh a ľad boli mojím pieskoviskom,
00:50
and the Inuit were my teachers.
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a Eskimáci boli mojimi učiteľmi.
00:52
And that's where I became
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Tam som sa stal
00:54
truly obsessed with this polar realm.
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skutočne posadnutý touto polárnou oblasťou.
00:56
And I knew someday that I was going to do something
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A vedel som, že jedného dňa budem robiť niečo,
00:58
that had to do with trying to share news about it
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čo bude súvisieť s prinášaním správ z tejto oblasti
01:00
and protect it.
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a s jej ochranou.
01:02
I'd like to share with you, for just two minutes only,
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Rád by som sa s vami podelil, len na dve minúty,
01:04
some images, a cross-section of my work,
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o pár fotografií, prierez mojou prácou,
01:06
to the beautiful music by Brandi Carlile, "Have You Ever."
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v doprovode nádhernej hudby od Brandi Carlile, "Have You Ever."
01:09
I don't know why National Geographic has done this, they've never done this before,
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Neviem prečo to National Geographic urobili, nikdy predtým to neurobili,
01:12
but they're allowing me to show you a few images
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no dovolili mi ukázať vám pár obrázkov
01:14
from a coverage that I've just completed that is not published yet.
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z reportáže, ktorú som práve dokončil a ktorá ešte nebola publikovaná.
01:17
National Geographic doesn't do this,
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To National Geographic nerobieva.
01:19
so I'm very excited to be able to share this with you.
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Takže mám veľkú radosť, že sa o to s vami môžem podeliť.
01:21
And what these images are --
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A tieto obrázky sú --
01:23
you'll see them at the start of the slide show -- there's only about four images --
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uvidíte ich na začiatku premietania -- sú tam asi len štyri obrázky --
01:26
but it's of a little bear that lives in the Great Bear Rainforest.
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no je na nich malý medveď, ktorý žije v dažďovom pralese Great Bear Rainforest.
01:29
It's pure white, but it's not a polar bear.
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Je celkom biely, ale nie je to polárny medveď.
01:32
It's a spirit bear, or a Kermode bear.
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Je to medveď duch, alebo medveď Kermode.
01:34
There are only 200 of these bears left.
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Týchto medveďov zostalo už asi iba 200.
01:36
They're more rare than the panda bear.
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Sú vzácnejší než medvedíky panda.
01:39
I sat there on the river for two months without seeing one.
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Sedel som tam pri rieke dva mesiace a žiadneho som nezazrel.
01:42
I thought, my career's over.
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Myslel som si, že mám po kariére.
01:44
I proposed this stupid story to National Geographic.
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National Geographic som navrhol tento hlúpy nápad.
01:46
What in the heck was I thinking?
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Čo som si sakra myslel?
01:48
So I had two months to sit there
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Takže som tam dva mesiace sedel
01:50
and figure out different ways of what I was going to do in my next life,
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a rozmýšľal nad tým, čím iným by som sa mohol živiť,
01:52
after I was a photographer, because they were going to fire me.
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miesto fotografovania, pretože ma určite vyhodia.
01:54
Because National Geographic is a magazine; they remind us all the time:
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Pretože National Geographic je časopis; stále nám pripomínajú,
01:57
they publish pictures, not excuses.
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že uverejňujú fotky, nie výhovorky.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:04
And after two months of sitting there --
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A po tom, čo som tam dva mesiace sedel --
02:06
one day, thinking that it was all over,
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jedného dňa, keď som si už myslel, že je po všetkom,
02:08
this incredible big white male came down,
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prišiel tam neuveriteľne veľký medveď,
02:10
right beside me, three feet away from me,
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priamo vedľa mňa, meter odo mňa,
02:12
and he went down and grabbed a fish and went off in the forest and ate it.
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a zišiel dolu, chytil si rybu a vyšiel hore, zjesť si ju do lesa.
02:15
And then I spent the entire day living my childhood dream
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Potom som strávil celý deň tým, že som žil svoj detský sen,
02:18
of walking around with this bear through the forest.
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sprevádzal som tohto medveďa pri jeho prechádzke lesom.
02:21
He went through this old-growth forest
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Prešiel týmto ľudskou rukou nedotknutým lesom
02:23
and sat up beside this 400-year-old culturally modified tree and went to sleep.
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a usadil sa vedľa takého 400 ročného domorodými ľuďmi upraveného stromu a zaspal.
02:26
And I actually got to sleep within three feet of him,
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A ja som potom zaspal menej ako meter od neho,
02:29
just in the forest, and photograph him.
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proste tak v lese, a fotografoval ho.
02:32
So I'm very excited to be able to show you those images
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Takže som veľmi nadšený z toho, že vám môžem ukázať tieto obrázky
02:35
and a cross-section of my work that I've done on the polar regions.
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a aj prierez mojej práce, ktorú som urobil v polárnych oblastiach.
02:37
Please enjoy.
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Nech sa páči.
02:40
(Music)
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(Hudba)
02:44
Brandi Carlile: ♫ Have you ever wandered lonely through the woods? ♫
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Brandi Carlile: ♫ Túlal si sa niekedy sám lesom? ♫
02:50
♫ And everything there feels just as it should ♫
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♫ A všetko sa tam zdá byť také ako to má byť ♫
02:55
♫ You're part of the life there ♫
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♫ Si tam súčasťou života ♫
02:57
♫ You're part of something good ♫
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♫ Si súčasťou niečoho dobrého ♫
03:00
♫ If you've ever wandered lonely through the woods ♫
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♫ Ak si sa niekedy túlal sám lesom ♫
03:06
♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
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♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
03:11
♫ If you've ever wandered lonely through the woods ♫
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♫ Ak si sa niekedy túlal sám lesom ♫
03:16
♫ Have you ever stared into a starry sky? ♫
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♫ Sledoval si sa niekedy na hviezdnu oblohu? ♫
03:21
♫ Lying on your back, you're asking why ♫
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♫ Ležiac na chrbte, pýtaš sa prečo ♫
03:26
♫ What's the purpose? ♫
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♫ Aký to má zmysel? ♫
03:28
♫ I wonder, who am I? ♫
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♫ Rád by som vedel, kto som? ♫
03:31
♫ If you've ever stared into a starry sky ♫
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♫ Ak si niekedy sledoval hviezdnu oblohu ♫
03:37
♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
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♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
03:43
♫ Aah, ah, aah ♫
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♫ Aah, ah, aah ♫
03:48
♫ Ah, oh, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
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♫ Ah, oh, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
03:55
♫ Have you ever stared into a starry sky? ♫
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♫ Sledoval si sa niekedy na hviezdnu oblohu? ♫
04:05
♫ Have you ever been out walking in the snow? ♫
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♫ Prechádzal si sa niekedy v snehu? ♫
04:10
♫ Tried to get back where you were before ♫
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♫ Snažil sa dostať tam, odkiaľ si prišiel ♫
04:15
♫ You always end up ♫
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♫ Vždy to skončí tak ♫
04:17
♫ Not knowing where to go ♫
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♫ Že nevieš kam máš ísť ♫
04:23
♫ If you've ever been out walking in the snow ♫
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♫ Ak si sa niekedy prechádzal v snehu ♫
04:28
♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
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♫ Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh ♫
04:34
♫ Aah, ah, aah, ah, aah ♫
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♫ Aah, ah, aah, ah, aah ♫
04:38
♫ Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, ah ♫
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♫ Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, ah ♫
04:46
♫ Oh, ah, ah, ah ♫
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♫ Oh, ah, ah, ah ♫
04:49
♫ Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
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♫ Ah, ah, oh, ah, ah, oh, oh ♫
04:57
♫ If you'd ever been out walking you would know ♫
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♫ Ak si sa niekedy prechádzal, tak vieš aké to je ♫
05:04
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
05:08
Paul Nicklen: Thank you very much. The show's not over.
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Paul Nicklen: Ďakujem veľmi pekne. Ešte nie je koniec.
05:11
My clock is ticking. Okay, let's stop.
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Beží mi čas. Dobre, tak prestaňte.
05:13
Thank you very much. I appreciate it.
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Ďakujem veľmi pekne. Vážim si to.
05:15
We're inundated with news all the time
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Sme neustále zaplavení správami,
05:18
that the sea ice is disappearing
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že ľadovce v moriach miznú
05:20
and it's at its lowest level.
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a sú na svojej doteraz najnižšej úrovni.
05:22
And in fact, scientists were originally saying
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A vedci vlastne pôvodne tvrdili,
05:24
sea ice is going to disappear in the next hundred years, then they said 50 years.
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že ľadovce v moriach zmiznú v najbližších 100 rokoch, potom tvrdili, že za 50 rokov.
05:27
Now they're saying the sea ice in the Arctic,
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Teraz hovoria, že morský ľad na Arktíde
05:30
the summertime extent is going to be gone in the next four to 10 years.
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v letnom období zmizne v priebehu 4 až 10 rokov.
05:33
And what does that mean?
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A čo to znamená?
05:35
After a while of reading this in the news, it just becomes news.
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Po tom, čo to už nejakú dobu čítame v správach, stalo sa to proste správou.
05:38
You glaze over with it.
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Nevšímate si to.
05:40
And what I'm trying to do with my work is put faces to this.
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A ja sa mojou prácou snažím upozorniť vás na to.
05:42
And I want people to understand and get the concept
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Chcem, aby tomu ľudia porozumeli a pochopili,
05:45
that, if we lose ice,
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že ak prídeme o ľad,
05:47
we stand to lose an entire ecosystem.
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budeme stáť pred hrozbou straty celého ekosystému.
05:49
Projections are that we could lose polar bears; they could become extinct
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Odhaduje sa, že polárne medvede by mohli vyhynúť
05:52
in the next 50 to 100 years.
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v najbližších 50 až 100 rokoch.
05:54
And there's no better, sexier,
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A pre mňa neexistuje lepší, zvodnejší,
05:56
more beautiful, charismatic megafauna species
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krajší, charizmatickejší zvierací druh v megafaune,
05:59
for me to hang my campaign on.
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na ktorom by som mohol založiť svoju kampaň.
06:02
Polar bears are amazing hunters.
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Polárne medvede sú úžasnými lovcami.
06:04
This was a bear I sat with for a while on the shores.
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S týmto medveďom som chvíľu sedel na brehu.
06:06
There was no ice around.
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Na okolí nebol žiaden ľad,
06:08
But this glacier caved into the water and a seal got on it.
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ale do vody sa zosunul ľadovec a tuleň na neho vyliezol.
06:10
And this bear swam out to that seal --
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A tento medveď priplával k tomu tuleňovi --
06:12
800 lb. bearded seal --
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360 kilovému tuleňovi fúzatému --
06:14
grabbed it, swam back and ate it.
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schmatol ho, priplával späť a zjedol.
06:17
And he was so full, he was so happy and so fat eating this seal,
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Bol tak plný, bol tak šťastný a toho tuleňa jedol tak rýchlo,
06:20
that, as I approached him --
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že keď som sa k nemu priblížil --
06:22
about 20 feet away -- to get this picture,
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asi na 6 metrov -- aby som ho odfotil,
06:24
his only defense was to keep eating more seal.
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jeho jediná obranná reakcia bola tá, že tuleňa jedol ešte viac.
06:26
And as he ate, he was so full --
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A ako ho jedol, bol tak plný --
06:28
he probably had about 200 lbs of meat in his belly --
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v žalúdku mal pravdepodobne okolo 90 kíl mäsa --
06:31
and as he ate inside one side of his mouth,
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a zatiaľ čo jednou stranou úst jedol,
06:33
he was regurgitating out the other side of his mouth.
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druhou stranou zvracal.
06:36
So as long as these bears have any bit of ice they will survive,
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Takže kým tieto medvede majú aspoň kúštik ľadu, prežijú,
06:39
but it's the ice that's disappearing.
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ale ten ľad mizne.
06:42
We're finding more and more dead bears in the Arctic.
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V Arktíde nachádzame stále viac a viac mŕtvych medveďov.
06:45
When I worked on polar bears as a biologist 20 years ago,
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Keď som pred 20 rokmi pracoval s polárnymi medveďmi ako biológ,
06:47
we never found dead bears.
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nikdy sme žiadnych mŕtvych medveďov nenašli.
06:49
And in the last four or five years,
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A za posledné 4 alebo 5 rokov,
06:51
we're finding dead bears popping up all over the place.
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nachádzame mŕtvych medveďov všade.
06:53
We're seeing them in the Beaufort Sea,
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Vidíme ich v Beaufortovom mori,
06:55
floating in the open ocean where the ice has melted out.
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ako plávajú v otvorenom oceáne, kde sa všetok ľad roztopil.
06:57
I found a couple in Norway last year. We're seeing them on the ice.
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Minulý rok som našiel pár v Nórsku. Vidíme ich na ľade.
07:00
These bears are already showing signs
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Tieto medvede už prejavujú známky
07:02
of the stress of disappearing ice.
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stresu z miznutia ľadu.
07:05
Here's a mother and her two year-old cub
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Tu je matka a jej dvojročné mláďa,
07:08
were traveling on a ship a hundred miles offshore in the middle of nowhere,
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plavili sa stovky míľ od pobrežia, uprostred ničoho,
07:11
and they're riding on this big piece of glacier ice,
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na takom veľkom kuse ľadovca,
07:13
which is great for them; they're safe at this point.
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čo je pre nich skvelé; boli tam v bezpečí.
07:15
They're not going to die of hypothermia.
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Neumrú na následky podchladenia.
07:17
They're going to get to land.
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Dostanú sa na pevninu.
07:19
But unfortunately, 95 percent of the glaciers in the Arctic
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Ale nanešťastie, 95% ľadovcov v Arktíde
07:21
are also receding right now
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momentálne mizne
07:23
to the point that the ice is ending up on land
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takým spôsobom, že ľad končí až na pevnine
07:25
and not injecting any ice back into the ecosystem.
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a späť do ekosystému neprináša žiaden ľad.
07:29
These ringed seals, these are the "fatsicles" of the Arctic.
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Tieto tulene krúžkované sú "kalorickou bombou" Arktídy.
07:31
These little, fat dumplings,
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Tieto malé, tučné knedlíky
07:33
150-pound bundles of blubber
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70 kilové balíky tuku
07:36
are the mainstay of the polar bear.
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sú hlavnou oporou polárnych medveďov.
07:38
And they're not like the harbor seals that you have here.
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A tie nie sú ako tulene obecné, ktoré máte tu.
07:41
These ringed seals also live out their entire life cycle
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Celý život tuleňov krúžkovaných
07:44
associated and connected to sea ice.
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je prepojený s morským ľadom.
07:47
They give birth inside the ice,
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Mláďatá rodia vo vnútri ľadu
07:49
and they feed on the Arctic cod that live under the ice.
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a živia sa arktickými treskami, čo žijú pod ľadom.
07:52
And here's a picture of sick ice.
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A tu je obrázok slabého ľadu.
07:54
This is a piece of multi-year ice that's 12 years old.
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Toto je 12 rokov starý kus ľadu, ktorý sa utvoril počas viacerých období.
07:57
And what scientists didn't predict is that, as this ice melts,
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A vedci nepredpokladali, že keď sa tento ľad topí,
08:00
these big pockets of black water are forming
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tvoria sa takéto veľké plochy čiernej vody,
08:03
and they're grabbing the sun's energy
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ktoré pohlcujú slnečnú energiu
08:05
and accelerating the melting process.
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a urýchľujú proces topenia.
08:07
And here we are diving in the Beaufort Sea.
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A tu sa ponárame v Beaufortovom mori.
08:09
The visibility's 600 ft.; we're on our safety lines;
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Viditeľnosť je 180 m; sme na našich záchranných lanách;
08:12
the ice is moving all over the place.
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ľad sa hýbe všade možne.
08:14
I wish I could spend half an hour telling you
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Kiež by som vám mohol polhodinu rozprávať
08:16
about how we almost died on this dive.
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o tom, ako sme sa pri tom potápaní takmer zabili.
08:18
But what's important in this picture is that you have a piece of multi-year ice,
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No na tom obrázku je dôležité to, že je tam ten kus rôzne starého ľadu,
08:21
that big chunk of ice up in the corner.
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ten obrovský kusisko ľadu hore v rohu.
08:23
In that one single piece of ice,
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V jednom takom kúsku ľadu
08:25
you have 300 species of microorganisms.
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je 300 druhov mikroorganizmov.
08:27
And in the spring, when the sun returns to the ice,
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A na jar, keď na ľad svieti slnko,
08:30
it forms the phytoplankton, grows under that ice,
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formuje sa fytoplanktón, rastie pod ľadom,
08:32
and then you get bigger sheets of seaweed,
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a potom je tam širšia vrstva morských rias,
08:35
and then you get the zoo plankton feeding on all that life.
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a potom sa všetkým tými formami života živí zooplanktón.
08:37
So really what the ice does
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Takže ľad sa vlastne
08:39
is it acts like a garden.
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správa ako záhrada.
08:41
It acts like the soil in a garden. It's an inverted garden.
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Správa sa ako pôda v záhrade. Je takou prevrátenou záhradkou.
08:44
Losing that ice is like losing the soil in a garden.
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Stratiť ten ľad je ako stratiť pôdu v záhrade.
08:46
Here's me in my office.
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Tu som ja vo svojej kancelárii.
08:48
I hope you appreciate yours.
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Dúfam, že si nesťažujete na tú svoju.
08:50
This is after an hour under the ice.
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Je to po tom, čo som hodinu strávil pod ľadom.
08:53
I can't feel my lips; my face is frozen;
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Necítim si pery; moja tvár je zmrznutá;
08:55
I can't feel my hands; I can't feel my feet.
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Necítim si ruky; necítim si nohy.
08:57
And I've come up, and all I wanted to do was get out of the water.
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A keď som sa vynoril, jediné čo som chcel, je dostať sa z vody.
09:00
After an hour in these conditions,
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Po hodine v týchto podmienkach,
09:02
it's so extreme that, when I go down,
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je to tak extrémne, že keď sa ponáram,
09:04
almost every dive I vomit into my regulator
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takmer pri každom potopení zvraciam do svojho regulátora,
09:06
because my body can't deal with the stress of the cold on my head.
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pretože moje telo nie je schopné vysporiadať sa s chladom, ktorý pôsobí na moju hlavu.
09:09
And so I'm just so happy that the dive is over.
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Takže som veľmi šťastný, že je už po potápaní.
09:11
I get to hand my camera to my assistant,
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Chystám sa podať fotoaparát môjmu asistentovi
09:13
and I'm looking up at him, and I'm going, "Woo. Woo. Woo."
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a pozerám sa na neho a robím, "Woo. Woo. Woo."
09:16
Which means, "Take my camera."
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Čo znamená, "Vezmi mi foťák."
09:18
And he thinks I'm saying, "Take my picture."
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A on si myslí, že hovorím, "Odfoť ma."
09:20
So we had this little communication breakdown.
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Takže tam nám trošku zlyhala komunikácia.
09:23
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:26
But it's worth it.
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Ale stojí to za to.
09:28
I'm going to show you pictures of beluga whales, bowhead whales,
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Ukážem vám obrázky bieluh morských, veľrýb grónskych,
09:30
and narwhals, and polar bears, and leopard seals today,
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narvalov jednorohých, polárnych medveďov a tuleňov leopardích,
09:33
but this picture right here means more to me than any other I've ever made.
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ale tento obrázok pre mňa znamená omnoho viac, než všetky ostatné, ktoré som urobil.
09:36
I dropped down in this ice hole, just through that hole that you just saw,
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Spadol som dolu do tejto ľadovej diery, presne cez tu dieru, ktorú teraz vidíte
09:39
and I looked up under the underside of the ice,
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a pozeral som sa smerom k spodnej časti ľadu
09:41
and I was dizzy; I thought I had vertigo.
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a myslel som si, že mam závrat.
09:43
I got very nervous -- no rope, no safety line,
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Začal som byť nervózny -- nemal som žiadne záchranné laná
09:45
the whole world is moving around me --
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celý svet sa mi točil --
09:47
and I thought, "I'm in trouble."
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a pomyslel som si, "Mám problém."
09:49
But what happened is that the entire underside
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Ale stalo sa to, že celá spodná strana
09:51
was full of these billions of amphipods and copepods
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bola plná miliárd rôznorožcov a klanonožcov,
09:54
moving around and feeding on the underside of the ice,
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ktorí sa hýbali a kŕmili na spodnej strane tohto ľadu,
09:57
giving birth and living out their entire life cycle.
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množili a žili si tam svoj život.
09:59
This is the foundation of the whole food chain in the Arctic, right here.
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Toto je základ celého potravinového reťazca v Arktíde, priamo tam.
10:02
And when you have low productivity in this, in ice,
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A keď ich je tam v ľade málo,
10:05
the productivity in copepods go down.
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znižuje sa aj počet klanonožcov.
10:08
This is a bowhead whale.
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Toto je veľryba grónska.
10:10
Supposedly, science is stating
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Údajne
10:12
that it could be the oldest living animal on earth right now.
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to má byť najstaršie žijúce zviera na planéte.
10:15
This very whale right here could be over 250 years old.
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Táto konkrétna veľryba môže mať viac ako 250 rokov.
10:18
This whale could have been born
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Táto veľryba sa mohla narodiť
10:20
around the start of the Industrial Revolution.
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niekedy na začiatku priemyselnej revolúcie.
10:22
It could have survived 150 years of whaling.
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Prežila 150 rokov lovu veľrýb.
10:25
And now its biggest threat is the disappearance of ice in the North
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A teraz je jej najväčšou hrozbou úbytok ľadu na severe,
10:28
because of the lives that we're leading in the South.
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kvôli životom, aké si vedieme na juhu.
10:31
Narwhals, these majestic narwhals
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Narvaly jednorohé, tieto majestátne narvaly
10:33
with their eight-foot long ivory tusks, don't have to be here;
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so svojimi 2,5 metrovými slonovinovými hrotmi tu nemusia byť;
10:36
they could be out on the open water.
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mohli by byť niekde v otvorených vodách.
10:38
But they're forcing themselves to come up in these tiny little ice holes
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Ale nútia sa prísť sem do týchto drobných malých ľadových dier,
10:41
where they can breathe, catch a breath,
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kde môžu dýchať, nadýchnuť sa,
10:43
because right under that ice are all the swarms of cod.
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pretože priamo pod tým ľadom sú všetky tie húfy tresiek.
10:46
And the cod are there
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A tresky tam sú,
10:48
because they are feeding on all the copepods and amphipods.
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pretože sa živia všetkými tými rôznorožcami a klanonožcami.
10:51
Alright, my favorite part.
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Dobre, moja obľúbená časť.
10:54
When I'm on my deathbed,
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Keď budem ležať na smrteľnej posteli,
10:56
I'm going to remember one story more than any other.
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budem si na jeden príbeh pamätať viac ako na tie ostatné.
10:58
Even though that spirit bear moment was powerful,
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Hoci ten moment s medveďom duchom bol výnimočný,
11:01
I don't think I'll ever have another experience
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myslím si že už nikdy nezažijem to,
11:03
like I did with these leopard seals.
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čo som zažil s týmito tuleňmi leopardími.
11:05
Leopard seals, since the time of Shackleton, have had a bad reputation.
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Tulene leopardie majú od doby Shackletona zlú povesť.
11:08
They've got that wryly smile on their mouth.
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Majú na tvári taký sarkastický úsmev.
11:10
They've got those black sinister eyes
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Majú čierne zlovestné oči
11:12
and those spots on their body.
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a ešte aj tie škvrny na tele.
11:14
They look positively prehistoric and a bit scary.
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Vyzerajú vyložene prehistoricky a trochu desivo.
11:17
And tragically in [2003],
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A v roku 2004 sa stala tragédia,
11:19
a scientist was taken down and drowned,
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pri ktorej bola jedna vedkyňa stiahnutá pod vodu a utopená,
11:22
and she was being consumed by a leopard seal.
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a zjedol ju tuleň leopardí.
11:24
And people were like, "We knew they were vicious. We knew they were."
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A ľudia na to hovorili, "Vedeli sme, že sú útočné. Vedeli sme to."
11:27
And so people love to form their opinions.
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Ľudia si radi takto vytvárajú názory.
11:29
And that's when I got a story idea:
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A vtedy som dostal nápad na reportáž:
11:31
I want to go to Antarctica,
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Chcem ísť na Antarktídu,
11:33
get in the water with as many leopard seals as I possibly can
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dostať sa do vody s čo najväčším množstvom tuleňov leopardích
11:35
and give them a fair shake --
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a dať im šancu obhájiť sa --
11:37
find out if they really are these vicious animals, or if they're misunderstood.
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zistiť, či sú skutočne tými útočnými zvermi, alebo sa im krivdí.
11:40
So this is that story.
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Takže toto je ten príbeh.
11:42
Oh, and they also happen to eat happy feet.
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A tiež sa im podarilo zjesť tučniaka.
11:45
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
11:48
As a species, as humans, we like to say penguins are really cute,
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Máme vo zvyku hovoriť, že tučniaky sú roztomilé,
11:51
therefore, leopard seals eat them, so leopard seals are ugly and bad.
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preto, keď ich tulene leopardie jedia, musia byť škaredé a zlé.
11:54
It doesn't work that way.
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Takto to ale nefunguje.
11:56
The penguin doesn't know it's cute,
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Tučniak nevie, že je roztomilý.
11:58
and the leopard seal doesn't know it's kind of big and monstrous.
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A tuleň leopardí nevie, že je veľký a desivý.
12:00
This is just the food chain unfolding.
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Takto sa proste vyvinul potravinový reťazec.
12:03
They're also big.
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Sú veľké.
12:05
They're not these little harbor seals.
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Nie sú ako tie malé tulene obecné.
12:07
They are 12 ft. long, a thousand pounds.
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Majú viac ako 3,5 m, 450 kg.
12:09
And they're also curiously aggressive.
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A sú tiež zvedavo agresívne.
12:12
You get 12 tourists packed into a Zodiac,
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Nahrniete 12 turistov do Zodiaca,
12:15
floating in these icy waters,
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ktorý sa bude plaviť v týchto ľadových vodách
12:17
and a leopard seal comes up and bites the pontoon.
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a tuleň leopardí príde a kusne do člnu.
12:19
The boat starts to sink, they race back to the ship
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Čln sa začne potápať, oni sa ženú späť na loď
12:22
and get to go home and tell the stories of how they got attacked.
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a prídu domov a rozprávajú o tom, ako boli napadnutí.
12:24
All the leopard seal was doing --
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No tuleň leopardí
12:26
it's just biting a balloon.
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len kusol do balóna.
12:28
It just sees this big balloon in the ocean -- it doesn't have hands --
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On v oceáne vidí len ten obrovský balón -- nemá to ruky --
12:30
it's going to take a little bite, the boat pops, and off they go.
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trochu si kusne, čln praskne, a je to.
12:33
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
12:35
So after five days of crossing the Drake Passage --
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Takže po piatich dňoch križovania Drake Passage --
12:38
isn't that beautiful.
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nie je to nádherné.
12:41
After five days of crossing the Drake Passage,
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Po piatich dňoch križovania Drake Passage,
12:44
we have finally arrived at Antarctica.
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sme konečne dorazili na Antarktídu.
12:46
I'm with my Swedish assistant and guide.
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Som s mojím švédskym asistentom a sprievodcom.
12:48
His name is Goran Ehlme from Sweden -- Goran.
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Jeho meno je Goran Ehlme zo Švédska -- Goran.
12:52
And he has a lot of experience with leopard seals. I have never seen one.
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Má za sebou veľa skúseností s tuleňmi leopardími. Ja som nikdy žiadneho nevidel.
12:55
So we come around the cove in our little Zodiac boat,
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Takže sa v našom malom člne Zodiac zastavíme v zátoke,
12:58
and there's this monstrous leopard seal.
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v ktorej je taký obludný tuleň leopardí.
13:00
And even in his voice, he goes, "That's a bloody big seal, ya."
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A dokonca aj on hovorí, "To je prekliate veľký tuleň, veru."
13:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
13:04
And this seal is taking this penguin by the head,
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A tento tuleň odhryzne tučniakovi hlavu,
13:07
and it's flipping it back and forth.
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hádže s ním zo strany na stranu.
13:09
And what it's trying to do is turn that penguin inside-out,
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A snaží sa toho tučniaka prevrátiť na ruby,
13:11
so it can eat the meat off the bones,
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aby mohol zožrať mäso z kostí,
13:14
and then it goes off and gets another one.
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a potom sa ponorí a ide si po ďalšieho.
13:16
And so this leopard seal grabbed another penguin,
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A tak si tento tuleň leopardí schmatne ďalšieho tučniaka,
13:18
came under the boat, the Zodiac,
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ponorí sa pod čln, Zodiac,
13:20
starting hitting the hull of the boat.
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začne narážať do jeho trupu.
13:22
And we're trying to not fall in the water.
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A my sa snažíme nespadnúť do vody.
13:24
And we sit down, and that's when Goran said to me,
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Sadneme si a potom mi Goran povie,
13:27
"This is a good seal, ya.
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"To ti je, veru, dobrý tuleň.
13:29
It's time for you to get in the water."
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Je čas, aby si šiel do vody."
13:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
13:34
And I looked at Goran, and I said to him, "Forget that."
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Ja som sa pozrel na Gorana a povedal mu, "Na to zabudni."
13:37
But I think I probably used a different word starting with the letter F.
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Ale myslím, že som použil trochu iné slová.
13:41
But he was right.
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No mal pravdu.
13:43
He scolded me out, and said, "This is why we're here.
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Vynadal mi a povedal, "Preto sme tu.
13:45
And you purposed this stupid story to National Geographic.
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A ty si National Geographic navrhol tú hlúpu reportáž.
13:47
And now you've got to deliver.
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A teraz sa musíš ponoriť.
13:49
And you can't publish excuses."
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A nemôžeš uverejňovať výhovorky."
13:51
So I had such dry mouth --
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Mal som strašné sucho v ústach --
13:53
probably not as bad as now --
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pravdepodobne nie až také ako mám teraz --
13:55
but I had such, such dry mouth.
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no mal som strašné sucho v ústach.
13:59
And my legs were just trembling. I couldn't feel my legs.
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Klepali sa mi nohy. Necítil som si ich.
14:02
I put my flippers on. I could barely part my lips.
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Nasadil som si plutvy. Ledva som vedel roztvoriť pery.
14:04
I put my snorkel in my mouth,
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Vložil som si do úst dýchaciu trubicu
14:06
and I rolled over the side of the Zodiac into the water.
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a prevalil som sa zo Zodiaca do vody.
14:09
And this was the first thing she did.
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A toto bola prvá vec, ktorú urobila.
14:11
She came racing up to me, engulfed my whole camera --
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Prihnala sa ku mne, zabrala mi celú kameru --
14:14
and her teeth are up here and down here --
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jej zuby sú odtiaľ až potiaľ --
14:17
but Goran, before I had gotten in the water, had given me amazing advice.
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no Goran mi predtým ako som vošiel do vody, dal skvelú radu.
14:20
He said, "If you get scared, you close your eyes, ya, and she'll go away."
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Povedal, "Ak sa začneš báť, zavri oči, a ona odíde."
14:24
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
14:27
So that's all I had to work with at that point.
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Takže to bolo všetko, čo som vtedy mal k dispozícii.
14:29
But I just started to shoot these pictures.
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No začal som proste fotiť tieto fotky.
14:31
So she did this threat display for a few minutes,
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Takže pár minút predvádzala tieto výhražné prejavy
14:33
and then the most amazing thing happened -- she totally relaxed.
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a potom sa stala tá najúžasnejšia vec -- úplne sa upokojila.
14:36
She went off, she got a penguin.
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Odplávala, chytila si tučniaka.
14:38
She stopped about 10 feet away from me,
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Zastavila sa asi 3 m odo mňa,
14:40
and she sat there with this penguin, the penguin's flapping, and she let's it go.
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usadila sa tam s týmto tučniakom, tučniak sa trepoce a ona ho pustí.
14:43
The penguin swims toward me, takes off.
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Tučniak pláva ku mne, potom zmizne.
14:46
She grabs another one. She does this over and over.
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Schmatne ďalšieho. A robí to stále dookola.
14:48
And it dawned on me that she's trying to feed me a penguin.
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A potom mi došlo, že sa ma snaží nakŕmiť tučniakom.
14:50
Why else would she release these penguins at me?
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Prečo by ich inak na mňa vypúšťala?
14:54
And after she did this four or five times,
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A po tom, čo to urobí tak štyri alebo päť krát,
14:57
she swam by me with this dejected look on her face.
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prepláva okolo mňa s takým deprimovaným výrazom na tvári.
15:00
You don't want to be too anthropomorphic, but I swear that she looked at me
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Nechcem byť veľmi antropomorfný, ale prisahám, že sa na mňa pozrela
15:03
like, "This useless predator's going to starve in my ocean."
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s výrazom, "Tento nepoužiteľný predátor mi tu vyhladovie v mojom oceáne."
15:05
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:10
So realizing I couldn't catch swimming penguins,
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Keď si uvedomila, že nedokážem chytiť plávajúcich tučniakov,
15:12
she'd get these other penguins and bring them slowly towards me,
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chytila ďalších a priniesla ich pomaly ku mne,
15:14
bobbing like this, and she'd let them go.
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takto pohupujúc a potom ich nechala ísť.
15:16
This didn't work.
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Nefungovalo to.
15:18
I was laughing so hard and so emotional
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Tak strašne som sa smial a bol som z toho tak dojatý,
15:20
that my mask was flooding, because I was crying underwater,
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že sa mi zaplavovala maska, pretože som plakal pod vodou,
15:22
just because it was so amazing.
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pretože to bolo proste úžasné.
15:24
And so that didn't work.
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A tak to teda nefungovalo.
15:26
So then she'd get another penguin and try this ballet-like sexy display
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A tak chytila ďalšieho tučniaka a vyskúšala také baletné zvodné pohyby
15:28
sliding down this iceberg like this. (Laughter)
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kĺžuc sa takto dolu ľadovcom.
15:31
And she would sort of bring them over to me and offer it to me.
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A potom ich akoby priniesla ku mne a ponúkla mi ich.
15:33
This went on for four days.
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Toto sa dialo štyri dni.
15:35
This just didn't happen a couple of times.
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Nestalo sa to len párkrát.
15:37
And then so she realized I couldn't catch live ones,
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A potom, keď si uvedomila, že nedokážem chytiť živých,
15:39
so she brought me dead penguins.
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priniesla mi mŕtvych tučniakov.
15:41
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
15:44
Now I've got four or five penguins floating around my head,
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Teraz mi okolo hlavy pláva štyri alebo päť tučniakov
15:48
and I'm just sitting there shooting away.
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a ja si tam len sedím a fotím.
15:52
And she would often stop and have this dejected look on her face
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Často sa zvykla zastaviť a mala na tvári ten skľúčený výraz
15:54
like, "Are you for real?"
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ktorý sa pýtal, "To myslíš vážne?"
15:56
Because she can't believe I can't eat this penguin.
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Pretože nemohla uveriť tomu, že neviem zjesť tučniaka.
15:58
Because in her world, you're either breeding or you're eating --
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Pretože v jej svete sa buď množíte alebo kŕmite --
16:00
and I'm not breeding, so ...
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a ja som sa nemnožil.
16:02
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
16:04
And then that wasn't enough; she started to flip penguins onto my head.
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A to nebolo ešte dosť; začala mi tučniakov hádzať na hlavu.
16:07
She was trying to force-feed me. She's pushing me around.
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Snažila sa ma prinútiť jesť. Nútila ma do toho.
16:09
She's trying to force-feed my camera,
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Snažila sa prinútiť jesť môj foťák,
16:11
which is every photographer's dream.
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čo je snom každého fotografa.
16:14
And she would get frustrated; she'd blow bubbles in my face.
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A keď začala byť frustrovaná, vyfúkla mi do ksichtu bublinky.
16:17
She would, I think, let me know that I was going to starve.
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Myslím, že sa mi tak snažila povedať, že umriem od hladu.
16:19
But yet she didn't stop.
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Ale aj tak neprestala.
16:21
She would not stop trying to feed me penguins.
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Neprestala sa ma snažiť nakŕmiť tučniakmi.
16:23
And on the last day with this female
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A v posledný deň s touto samicou,
16:25
where I thought I had pushed her too far,
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som si myslel, že som to nechal zájsť príliš ďaleko,
16:27
I got nervous because she came up to me,
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znervóznel som, pretože prišla ku mne,
16:30
she rolled over on her back,
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pretočila sa na chrbát
16:32
and she did this deep, guttural jackhammer sound, this gokgokgokgok.
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a vydala hlboký hrdelný brutálny zvuk, také gokgokgokgok.
16:35
And I thought, she's about to bite.
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A pomyslel som si, že sa ma chystá uhryznúť.
16:37
She's about to let me know she's too frustrated with me.
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Že sa mi chystá dať najavo, že je zo mňa už príliš frustrovaná.
16:40
What had happened was another seal had snuck in behind me,
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Stalo sa to, že sa ku mne zozadu nenápadne priblížil ďalší tuleň
16:43
and she did that to threat display.
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a ona toto urobila preto, aby dala najavo hrozbu.
16:45
She chased that big seal away, went and got its penguin
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Zaplašila toho obrovského tuleňa preč, odplávala a chytila tučniaka
16:47
and brought it to me.
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a priniesla mi ho.
16:49
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
16:52
That wasn't the only seal I got in the water with.
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Nebol to jediný tuleň, s ktorým som bol pod vodou.
16:54
I got in the water with 30 other leopard seals,
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Pod vodou som bol s ďalšími 30 tuleňmi leopardími
16:57
and I never once had a scary encounter.
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a ani raz som s nimi nemal nijakú desivú skúsenosť.
17:00
They are the most remarkable animals I've ever worked with,
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Sú to najpozoruhodnejšie zvieratá, s akými som doteraz pracoval
17:02
and the same with polar bears.
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a to isté platí pre polárne medvede.
17:04
And just like the polar bears,
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A tak ako polárne medvede,
17:06
these animals depend on an icy environment.
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aj tieto zvieratá závisia na ľadovom životnom prostredí.
17:11
I get emotional. Sorry.
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Dojalo ma to. Prepáčte.
17:14
It's a story that lives deep in my heart,
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Je to príbeh, ktorý žije hlboko v mojom srdci
17:17
and I'm proud to share this with you.
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a som hrdý na to, že sa o neho môžem s vami podeliť.
17:19
And I'm so passionate about it.
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Som z toho tak nadšený.
17:21
Anybody want to come with me to Antarctica or the Arctic, I'll take you; let's go.
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Ak so mnou niekto chcete ísť na Antarktídu alebo Arktídu, vezmem vás, poďme.
17:24
We've got to get the story out now. Thank you very much.
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Musíme tento príbeh šíriť ďalej. Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
17:26
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
17:28
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
17:30
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
17:34
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
17:36
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
17:42
Thank you. Thanks very much.
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Ďakujem. Ďakujem veľmi pekne.
17:44
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
17:46
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
17:48
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Nicklen - Polar photographerPaul Nicklen photographs the creatures of the Arctic and Antarctic, generating global awareness about wildlife in these isolated and endangered environments.
Why you should listen
Paul Nicklen grew up one of only a few non-Inuit in an Inuit settlement on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada -- a childhood that taught him the patience, stamina and respect for nature required for his beat in the frigid climes of Earth’s polar regions. Best known for his vivid and intimate wildlife photos for National Geographic, Nicklen started out a biologist in the Northwest Territories, gathering data on such species as lynx, grizzlies, and polar bears. Today he bridges the gap between scientific research and the public, showing how fragile and fast-changing habitats are profoundly affecting wildlife.
During the course of his workday Nicklen regularly comes face-to-face with fantastic creatures: narwhals, Arctic foxes, elephant seals, and more. His most amazing experience? An underwater encounter with a leopard seal who for four days tried to feed him penguins through the "mouth" of his lens.
Paul Nicklen | Speaker | TED.com