TEDxPerth
Hamish Jolly: A shark-deterrent wetsuit (and it's not what you think)
Hamish Jolly: Neoprénový oblek proti žralokom (nie taký, aký si asi predstavujete)
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Austrálsky plavec Hamish Jolly chcel mať neoprénový oblek, ktorý by zabránil tomu, aby si ho zvedavý žralok pomýlil s potenciálnym zdrojom potravy (podľa štatistík sa to nestáva až tak často, ale určite ide o osud, ktorému sa každý človek chce vyhnúť). Spolu s priateľmi a tímom vedcov prišiel s niečím novým – namiesto klietky proti žralokom alebo železnej košele predstavuje elegantný neoprén, ktorého výroba je založená na tom, že lepšie chápeme, ako funguje zrak žralokov.
Hamish Jolly - Inventor, ocean swimmer
Hamish Jolly brings his entrepreneurial eye to the rare but viscerally terrifying issue of shark attacks. Full bio
Hamish Jolly brings his entrepreneurial eye to the rare but viscerally terrifying issue of shark attacks. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Scientific breakthrough,
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Prelomový objav,
00:14
the kind that can potentially save lives,
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ktorý môže dokonca zachrániť životy,
00:17
can sometimes be lying right out in the open
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môžeme mať priamo pod nosom.
00:19
for us to discover,
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Môže byť ukrytý v nepoznaných príbehoch
z ľudskej histórie
z ľudskej histórie
00:20
in the evolved, accumulated body
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00:23
of human anecdote, for example,
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alebo v časom otestovaných adaptáciách,
00:25
or in the time-tested adaptations
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00:27
that we observe in the natural world around us.
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ktoré pozorujeme v okolitej prírode.
00:31
Science starts with observation,
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Veda začína pozorovaním,
00:33
but the trick is to identify the patterns and signatures
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ale trik je v identifikácii vzorov a čŕt,
00:37
that we might otherwise dismiss
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ktoré by sme inak považovali
za mýtus alebo náhodu,
za mýtus alebo náhodu,
00:39
as myth or coincidence,
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00:41
isolate them, and test them with scientific rigor.
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v ich izolácii
a otestovaní vedeckými metódami.
00:44
And when we do, the results will often surprise.
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Výsledky sú potom často prekvapujúce.
Pre Západnú Austráliu znamenali útoky
žralokov za posledné 3 roky problém,
žralokov za posledné 3 roky problém,
00:48
Western Australia has had a particular problem
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00:50
with shark attacks over the last three years,
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00:54
unfortunately and tragically culminating
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ktorý tragicky vyvrcholil
00:56
in five fatal shark attacks in a 10-month period
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piatimi smrteľnými útokmi za 10 mesiacov.
00:59
during that time.
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Nejde však len o Západnú Austráliu.
01:01
But Western Australia is not alone in this.
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01:03
The incident of shark engagements on humans
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Útoky žralokov na ľudí
sa stupňujú na celom svete.
sa stupňujú na celom svete.
01:06
is escalating worldwide.
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Možno preto nie je prekvapujúce,
01:08
And so it's not surprising, perhaps,
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01:10
that in July of this year,
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že spoločnosť SAMS
01:11
Shark Attack Mitigation Systems in collaboration
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v spolupráci s Oceánografickým ústavom
Univerzity Západnej Austrálie
Univerzity Západnej Austrálie
01:14
with the University of Western
Australia Oceans Institute
Australia Oceans Institute
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01:17
made an announcement which captured the attention
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prišla v júli so správou,
ktorá upútala pozornosť
médií a plavcov na celom svete.
médií a plavcov na celom svete.
01:20
of the worldwide media and of ocean users
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01:22
worldwide,
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01:24
and that was around the development of technology
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Vyvinuli technológiu
01:25
to mitigate or reduce the risk of shark attack
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určenú na zníženie rizika takýchto útokov
01:28
based on the science of what sharks can see.
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a založenú na tom, ako žraloky vidia.
01:31
And I have for you today
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Dnes vám opíšem cestu k tomuto objavu
01:33
the story of that journey,
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01:35
but also the notion that science can be
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a to, že veda nie je len o vynálezoch,
01:37
as powerful as a translator
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01:39
as it can be for invention.
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ale aj o imitácii.
01:43
When we began this process,
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Celý proces začal pred 3 rokmi,
01:45
we were looking, it was about three years ago,
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po prvých 2 smrtiacich útokoch
v Západnej Austrálii.
v Západnej Austrálii.
01:48
and we'd just had the first two fatal shark attacks
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01:51
in Western Australia,
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01:53
and by chance, in a previous role,
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V tom čase som bol náhodou na večeri
01:55
I happened to be having dinner with Harry Butler.
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so známym prírodovedcom Harrym Butlerom,
01:58
Now Harry Butler, who most Australians
would know is a famous naturalist,
would know is a famous naturalist,
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ktorý strávil veľa času
v morskom prostredí.
v morskom prostredí.
02:02
had spent a lot of time in the marine environment.
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02:04
Harry Butler is a precursor, if you like,
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Dalo by sa povedať,
že je predchodca zosnulého Steva Irwina.
02:06
to the late Steve Irwin.
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02:08
When I asked him about
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Chcel som vedieť,
02:09
what the solution to the problem might be,
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či pozná možné riešenie nášho problému,
a jeho odpoveď ma prekvapila.
02:13
the answer was quite surprising.
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02:14
He said, "Take a black wetsuit,
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Povedal, že ak na čierny oblek
02:16
band it in yellow stripes like a bumblebee,
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namaľujeme žlté pruhy,
02:19
and you'll be mimicking the warning systems
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napodobníme varovný systém
väčšiny morských druhov.
väčšiny morských druhov.
02:21
of most marine species."
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02:23
I didn't think about that much at the time,
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Vtedy som jeho nápad ignoroval,
02:25
and it wasn't until the next three
fatal shark attacks happened,
fatal shark attacks happened,
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ale po 3 ďalších smrtiacich útokoch
02:29
and it caused me to think,
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som chcel vedieť, čo je na ňom pravdy,
02:30
maybe there's some merit to this idea.
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02:33
And I turned to the web
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a začal som s vyhľadávaním na internete.
02:34
to see if there might be some clues.
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02:36
And it turns out the web is awash
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Zistil som, že ten je plný informácií,
02:39
with this sort of evidence that supports
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ktoré tento nápad podporujú.
02:41
this sort of thinking.
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02:42
So biologically, there are plenty of species
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Z hľadiska biológie existujú druhy,
02:44
that display banding or patterns, warning patterns,
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ktoré majú pruhy alebo varovné vzory,
02:47
to either be cryptical in the water
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či už aby splývali s okolím,
02:49
or warn against being attacked,
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alebo ako varovanie pred útokom.
02:51
not the least of which is the pilot fish
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Príkladom je ryba lodivod,
02:53
which spends a big slab of its life
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ktorá často pláva pri hlave žraloka.
02:56
around the business end of a shark.
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02:58
On the human side, Walter Starck, an oceanographer,
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Čo sa týka ľudí, oceánograf Walter Starck
03:01
has been painting his wetsuit since the 1970s,
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si neoprén maľuje približne od roku 1970.
03:04
and anthropologically,
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Z hľadiska antropológie
03:05
Pacific island tribes painted themselves in bands
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žijú na ostrovoch v Tichom oceáne kmene,
ktoré si na telo maľujú pruhy pri obrade
03:09
in a sea snake ceremony
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03:11
to ward off the shark god.
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na ochranu pred žraločím bohom.
03:13
So what's going on here?
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Čo to má znamenať?
03:15
Is this an idea lying wide out in the open
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Máme priamo pod nosom nápad,
03:18
for us to consider and define?
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ktorý potrebujeme len definovať?
03:21
We know that sharks use a range of sensors
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Keď sa žraloky blížia ku koristi,
03:25
when they engage, particularly for attack,
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využívajú niekoľko zmyslových orgánov,
03:29
but the sight sensor is the one that they use
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ale cieľ identifikujú najmä zrakom,
03:31
to identify the target, and particularly
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hlavne čo sa týka posledných pár metrov.
03:32
in the last number of meters before the attack.
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03:36
It makes sense to pay attention
to the biological anecdote
to the biological anecdote
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Má zmysel pozrieť sa
na biologickú históriu,
na biologickú históriu,
03:39
because that's time-tested evolution
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pretože ide o časom otestovanú evolúciu.
03:41
over many millennia.
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Neprechádza však
aj ľudská história evolúciou?
aj ľudská história evolúciou?
03:43
But isn't human anecdote also an evolution of sorts,
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Neodovzdávajú sa príbehy,
03:47
the idea that there's a kernel of truth
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ktoré obsahujú zrnko pravdy,
03:48
thought to be important,
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03:50
passed down from generation to generation,
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z generácie na generáciu,
až kým neovplyvnia správanie ľudí?
03:53
so that it actually ends up shaping human behavior?
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03:57
I wanted to test this idea.
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Chcel som to otestovať
03:58
I wanted to put some science
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a použiť pritom vedecké metódy.
03:59
to this anecdotal evidence,
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Ak tento nápad vedecky potvrdíme,
04:02
because if science could support this concept,
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04:04
then we might have at least part of the solution
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zistíme, že aspoň časť riešenia
bola celý čas priamo pod naším nosom.
04:06
to shark attack right under our very nose.
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04:09
To do that, I needed some experts
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Potreboval som pomoc expertov
04:11
in shark vision and shark neurology,
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na zrak a neurológiu žralokov,
04:13
and a worldwide search, again,
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ktorých som opäť našiel
04:14
led to the University of W.A.
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v Oceánografickom ústave
Univerzity Západnej Austrálie.
Univerzity Západnej Austrálie.
04:16
on the doorstep here, with the Oceans Institute.
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Tím profesora Nathana Harta
04:18
And professor Nathan Hart and his team
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04:21
had just written a paper which tells us,
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práve vtedy zverejnil štúdiu,
ktorá potvrdila, že dravé žraloky vidia
04:23
confirms that predatory sharks see
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04:26
in black and white, or grayscale.
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čiernobielo alebo v odtieňoch šedej.
04:29
So I called up Nathan,
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Zavolal som Nathanovi
a povedal som mu o našom nápade
04:31
a little bit sheepishly, actually, about this idea
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vytvoriť pomocou pruhov a vzorov neoprén,
04:32
that maybe we could use these patterns and shapes
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04:34
to produce a wetsuit to try and
mitigate the risk of shark attack,
mitigate the risk of shark attack,
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ktorý by znížil riziko žraločích útokov.
04:38
and fortunately, he thought that was a good idea.
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Považoval to za dobrý nápad.
04:40
So what ensued is a collaborative bit of research
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Nasledoval spoločný výskum,
04:42
supported by the West Australian State Government.
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ktorý podporila vláda Západnej Austrálie.
04:45
And we did three key things.
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Podnikli sme 3 hlavné kroky.
Po prvé sme zmapovali fyzické znaky
04:48
The first is that we mapped the characteristics,
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04:50
the physical characteristics of the eyes
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typické pre oči 3 druhov dravých žralokov
04:52
of the three main predatory sharks,
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04:54
so the great white, tiger and bull shark.
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a to modrého, tigrieho a belavého.
04:58
We did that genetically
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A to z hľadiska genetiky a anatómie.
05:00
and we did that anatomically.
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Po druhé sme použili počítačové modely,
05:02
The next thing we did was to understand,
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05:04
using complex computer modeling,
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aby sme pochopili,
05:06
what that eye can see
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ako a čo žraloky vidia
05:08
at different depths, distances,
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v závislosti od hĺbky, vzdialenosti,
05:10
light conditions, and water clarity in the ocean.
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svetelných podmienok a jasnosti vody.
05:14
And from there, we were able to pinpoint
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Prišli sme na 2 druhy vzorov a tvarov.
05:15
two key characteristics:
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Vďaka tým prvým bude nositeľ kryptický,
05:17
what patterns and shapes would present the wearer
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05:20
as hidden or hard to make out in the water, cryptic,
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teda ťažko viditeľný a splynie s okolím.
05:23
and what patterns and shapes might provide
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Tie druhé vytvoria kontrastný profil
05:25
the greatest contrast but provide the greatest
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a rozdelia ho tak, že si ich nositeľa
05:27
breakup of profile
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05:29
so that that person wasn't confused for shark prey
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žraloky nepomýlia so žrádlom a korisťou.
05:33
or shark food.
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Po tretie sme museli vytvoriť neoprény,
05:35
The next thing we needed to do was to convert this
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05:37
into wetsuits that people might actually wear,
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ktoré by ľudia naozaj nosili.
05:40
and to that end, I invited Ray Smith,
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Preto som k nám pozval Raya Smitha,
surfera, dizajnéra neoprénov
05:42
a surfer, industrial designer, wetsuit designer,
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a tvorcu loga spoločnosti Quiksilver.
05:46
and in fact the guy that designed
the original Quiksilver logo,
the original Quiksilver logo,
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05:48
to come over and sit with the science team
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Mal premeniť poznatky
nášho vedeckého tímu na neoprény,
nášho vedeckého tímu na neoprény,
05:50
and interpret that science
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ktoré by boli elegantné
05:54
into aesthetic wetsuits that
people might actually wear.
people might actually wear.
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a ľudia by si ich radi obliekli.
05:57
And here's an example of one of the first drawings.
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Tu vidíte jeden z prvých návrhov.
06:00
So this is what I call a "don't eat me" wetsuit.
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Volám ho neoprén „nezožer ma“.
06:03
So this takes that banding idea,
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Základ tvoria rôzne druhy pruhov...
(smiech)
06:07
takes that banding idea, it's highly visible,
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je veľmi viditeľný
06:09
provides a highly disruptive profile,
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a má vysoko kontrastný profil.
06:11
and is intended to prevent the shark
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Žralok vás v ňom nemá považovať za niečo,
06:13
from considering that you would be ordinary food,
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čo by normálne zožral.
06:16
and potentially even create confusion for the shark.
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Oblek ho môže dokonca zmiasť.
06:19
And this one's configured to go with a surfboard.
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Je navrhnutý špeciálne na surfovanie.
06:23
You can see that dark, opaque panel on the front,
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Vpredu vidíte tú tmavú časť,
06:26
and it's particularly better for the surface,
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ktorá je vhodná pre použitie na povrchu,
06:28
where being backlit and providing a silhouette
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kde je problém so zadným osvetlením
06:31
is problematic.
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a tvorbou siluety.
06:33
Second iteration is the cryptic wetsuit,
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Toto je kryptický neoprén,
06:36
or the one which attempts to hide the wearer
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ktorý umožní nositeľovi splynúť s pozadím.
06:37
in the water column.
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06:39
There are three panels on this suit,
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Má 3 časti
06:41
and in any given conditions,
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a aspoň jedna z nich sa vždy
prispôsobí reflexnému spektru vody
prispôsobí reflexnému spektru vody
06:42
one or more of those panels
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06:43
will match the reflective spectra of the water
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a preto plne alebo čiastočne zmizne.
06:46
so as to disappear fully or partially,
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06:49
leaving the last panel or panels
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Zvyšné časti poskytujú rušivý profil.
06:51
to create a disruptive profile in the water column.
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Neoprén je vhodný hlavne na potápanie,
06:54
And this one's particularly well-suited
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06:56
to the dive configuration,
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06:58
so when you're deeper under the water.
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keď sa dostávate hlbšie pod hladinu.
07:01
So we knew that we had
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Mali sme to teda vedecky podložené.
07:03
some really solid science here.
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Ak chcete vyniknúť,
07:05
We knew, if you wanted to stand out,
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07:07
you needed to look stripy,
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musíte mať pruhy,
07:08
and we knew if you wanted to be cryptic,
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a ak chcete splynúť s okolím,
07:09
you needed to look like this.
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musíte vyzerať takto.
07:11
But the acid test is always going to be,
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Skúška ohňom však prišla,
07:13
how would sharks really behave
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keď sme testovali skutočné reakcie
žralokov na tieto vzory a tvary.
žralokov na tieto vzory a tvary.
07:14
in the context of these patterns and shapes.
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07:17
And testing to simulate a person in a wetsuit
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Otestovať simuláciu človeka v neopréne
vo vode s dravými žralokmi
07:20
in the water with a predatory shark
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za prirodzených podmienok
07:21
in a natural environment
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je však ťažšie, ako si asi myslíte.
07:23
is actually a lot harder than you might think.
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07:25
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
07:28
So we have to bait the rig,
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Chceme štatisticky relevantné výsledky,
07:31
because we need to get the statistical number
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a preto potrebujeme určitý počet vzoriek
07:32
of samples through to get the scientific evidence,
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a zariadenie s návnadou,
07:35
and by baiting the rig,
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07:36
we're obviously changing shark behavior.
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ktorá ovplyvňuje správanie žralokov.
07:38
We can't put humans in the water.
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Návnada nemôže byť človek.
07:40
We're ethically precluded from even using
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Etika nám bráni ako návnadu
použiť čo i len humanoidné tvary.
použiť čo i len humanoidné tvary.
07:43
humanoid shapes and baiting them up in the water.
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07:46
But nevertheless, we started the testing process
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Napriek tomu sme v januári začali testy
07:48
in January of this year,
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s tigrími a potom aj s modrými žralokmi.
07:50
initially with tiger sharks
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07:51
and subsequently with great white sharks.
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Zobrali sme perforovaný bubon,
07:54
The way we did that
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07:56
was to get a perforated drum which is full of bait,
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naplnili ho návnadou,
08:00
wrap it in a neoprene skin,
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zabalili do neoprénu
08:02
and then run two stereo underwater cameras
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a pomocou 2 stereo podvodných kamier
sme sledovali správanie žralokov.
sme sledovali správanie žralokov.
08:05
to watch how the shark
actually engages with that rig.
actually engages with that rig.
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08:08
And because we use stereo,
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Vďaka tomu sme zachytili všetky údaje
08:10
we can capture all the statistics
on how big the shark is,
on how big the shark is,
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o veľkosti žralokov,
08:13
what angle it comes in at, how quickly it leaves,
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pod akým uhlom sa približujú,
ako rýchlo odplávajú
ako rýchlo odplávajú
08:15
and what its behavior is
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a ako sa správajú.
08:17
in an empirical rather than a subjective way.
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Išlo o empirické a nie subjektívne údaje.
08:20
Because we needed to
preserve the scientific method,
preserve the scientific method,
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Keďže sme používali vedecké metódy,
08:22
we ran a control rig
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porovnávali sme kontrolné zariadenie
08:24
which was a black neoprene rig
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obalené v obyčajnom čiernom neopréne
08:28
just like a normal black wetsuit
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08:30
against the, what we call,
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so zariadením s technológiou SAMS.
08:31
SAMS technology rig.
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08:33
And the results were not just exciting,
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Výsledky boli napínavé a povzbudzujúce
08:36
but very encouraging,
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a dnes vám chcem ukázať krátke video,
08:37
and today I would like to just give you a snapshot
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08:40
of two of those engagements.
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kde uvidíte útoky 2 žralokov.
08:44
So here we've got a four-meter tiger shark
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Tu vidíte žraloka tigrieho,
08:46
engaging the black control rig,
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ako útočí na kontrolné zariadenie,
08:49
which it had encountered about
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ktoré zbadal asi 1,5 minúty predtým.
08:50
a minute and a half before.
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09:11
Now that exact same shark had engaged,
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Tu vidíte toho istého žraloka,
ako sa blíži k zariadeniu Elude SAMS,
09:14
or encountered this SAMS rig,
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09:16
which is the Elude SAMS rig,
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09:17
about eight minutes before,
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okolo ktorého najprv 6 minút krúžil,
09:18
and spent six minutes circling it, hunting for it,
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pretože hľadal to, čo nevidel,
09:21
looking for what it could
smell and sense but not see,
smell and sense but not see,
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ale vnímal inými zmyslami.
Takto to skončilo.
09:24
and this was the final engagement.
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09:29
Great white sharks are more
confident than the tigers,
confident than the tigers,
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Žraloky modré sú sebavedomejšie
09:32
and here you see great white shark
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a tu vidíte, ako jeden útočí
09:34
engaging a control rig,
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na kontrolné zariadenie – čierny neoprén.
09:36
so a black neoprene wetsuit,
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09:37
and going straight to the bottom,
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Podpláva ho,
zospodu sa priblíži
09:39
coming up
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a zaútočí.
09:42
and engaging.
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09:46
In contrast to the SAMS technology rig,
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Tu vidíte pruhované zariadenie SAMS.
09:48
this is the banded one,
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09:50
where it's more tactile,
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Žralok je opatrnejší, viac skúma,
09:52
it's more investigative,
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približuje sa váhavo
09:53
it's more apprehensive,
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09:55
and shows a reluctance to come straight in and go.
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a nie je ochotný zaútočiť priamo.
10:08
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
10:18
So, it's important for us that all
the testing is done independently,
the testing is done independently,
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Testy musí robiť niekto nezávisle od nás
a preto ich robí
Univerzita Západnej Austrálie.
Univerzita Západnej Austrálie.
10:22
and the University of W.A. is doing the testing.
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10:25
It'll be an ongoing process.
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Ide o prebiehajúci proces.
10:26
It's subject to peer review and subject to publication.
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Musí byť odborne preskúmaný
a výsledky sa musia publikovať.
a výsledky sa musia publikovať.
10:29
It's so important that this concept
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Musíme používať vedecké metódy.
10:31
is led with the science.
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10:33
From the perspective of Shark
Attack Mitigation Systems,
Attack Mitigation Systems,
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SAMS je biotechnologická spoločnosť,
10:35
we're a biotechnology licensing company,
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ktorá poskytuje licencie,
10:38
so we don't make wetsuits ourselves.
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a preto neoprény nevyrábame.
10:40
We'll license others to do that.
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Poskytujeme na to licencie iným.
10:42
But I thought you might be interested
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Myslel som si, že by vás mohlo zaujímať,
10:43
in seeing what SAMS technology looks like
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ako vyzerá neoprén s technológiou SAMS.
10:45
embedded in a wetsuit, and to that end,
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Tu sú naživo, v celosvetovej premiére...
10:48
for the first time, live, worldwide --
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10:51
(Laughter) —
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(smiech)
10:53
I can show you what biological adaptation,
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Ukážem vám skutočný výsledok spojenia
10:56
science and design looks like in real life.
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biologickej adaptácie, vedy a dizajnu.
11:00
So I can welcome Sam, the surfer,
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Vítam surfera Sama.
11:02
from this side. Where are you, Sam?
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Z tejto strany. Kde si, Sam?
(potlesk)
11:04
(Applause)
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A vítam Eduarda.
11:06
And Eduardo.
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(potlesk)
11:08
(Applause)
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Vďaka.
11:10
Cheers, mate.
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(potlesk)
Vďaka.
11:12
Cheers.
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Ďakujem vám, páni.
11:14
Thanks, gentlemen. (Applause)
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(potlesk)
Čo sme dokázali?
11:21
So what have we done here?
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11:22
Well, to my mind, rather than take a blank sheet
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Nezačali sme od nuly,
11:25
and use science as a tool for invention,
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nič sme pomocou vedy nevynašli,
11:29
we've paid attention to the biological evidence,
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namiesto toho sme sa pozreli
na biologickú a ľudskú históriu
na biologickú a ľudskú históriu
11:32
we've put importance to the
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11:33
human anecdotal evidence,
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a pomocou vedy sme imitovali niečo,
11:35
and we've used science as a tool
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11:38
for translation,
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čo už existovalo, tak,
11:40
translation of something that was already there
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aby to slúžilo v prospech ľudstva.
11:42
into something that we can
use for the benefit of mankind.
use for the benefit of mankind.
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11:45
And it strikes me that this idea of science
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Pomocou vedy môžeme nielen vynachádzať,
11:47
as a tool for translation rather than invention
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ale aj napodobňovať prírodu
11:50
is one that we can apply much more widely than this
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a túto myšlienku by sme mali
v praxi uplatňovať častejšie.
v praxi uplatňovať častejšie.
11:53
in the pursuit of innovation.
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11:55
After all, did the Wright brothers
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Vynašli bratia Wrightovci pilotovaný let?
11:57
discover manned flight,
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Alebo len pozorovali biologický jav,
11:59
or did they observe the biological fact of flight
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12:02
and translate that mechanically, replicate it
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ktorý potom napodobnili a zopakovali tak,
12:06
in a way that humans could use?
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aby ho mohli využívať ľudia?
12:08
As for the humble wetsuit,
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Čo sa neoprénu týka,
12:10
who knows what oceanwear will look like
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nevieme, ako bude vyzerať o 2 roky,
12:12
in two years' time, in five years' time
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o 5 alebo o 50 rokov,
12:15
or in 50 years' time, but with this new thinking,
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ale ak budeme myslieť po novom,
12:18
I'm guessing there's a fair chance
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je tu šanca, že nebude čisto čierny.
12:19
it won't be pure black.
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Ďakujem.
12:21
Thank you.
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(potlesk)
12:23
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hamish Jolly - Inventor, ocean swimmerHamish Jolly brings his entrepreneurial eye to the rare but viscerally terrifying issue of shark attacks.
Why you should listen
Hamish Jolly is an ocean swimmer and kitesurfer who's committed to creating sustainable businesses through innovation management, business development, business management, program management, investment analysis and finance. In 2006, Jolly was listed in Western Australian Business News' 40 Under 40 business leaders.
Formerly Director of Strategy and Ventures at BankWest, Jolly was responsible for group strategy and mergers and acquisitions. He is a qualified Chartered Accountant and fulfils a number of Board positions including Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Board of Management (Kings Park). He most recently consulted as the Chief Executive Officer of Greening Australia, Australia’s largest environmental not-for-profit organisation and formerly a Director of Ajilon, where he was part of the leadership team for one of the top-3 management and technology consulting firms in Western Australia.
Hamish Jolly | Speaker | TED.com