TEDxBoston 2012
Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city
Kent Larson (Kent Larson): Izvanredne zamisli radi smeštanja većeg broja ljudi u svakom gradu
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Kako možemo da smestimo više ljudi u gradove, a da ne postanu prenatrpani? Kent Larson pokazuje automobile na sklapanje, brzo menjajuće stanove i druge inovacije, pomoću kojih gradovi budućnosti mogu da liče na mala sela iz prošlosti.
Kent Larson - Architect
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I thought I would start with a very brief
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Počeću sa vrlo kratkom
00:19
history of cities.
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istorijom gradova.
00:21
Settlements typically began
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Naselja su obično nastajala
00:24
with people clustered around a well, and the size
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tamo gde su se ljudi okupljali oko bunara i veličinu
00:27
of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk
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tog naselja je diktirala udaljenost koju možete prepešačiti
00:29
with a pot of water on your head.
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sa vrčem na glavi.
00:31
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,
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Na primer, ako letite iznad Nemačke,
00:35
and you look down and you see these hundreds
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pogledate dole, onda vidite stotine ovih
00:36
of little villages, they're all about a mile apart.
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malih sela, koja su međusobno udaljena oko 1,5 km.
00:39
You needed easy access to the fields.
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Bio je potreban jednostavan pristup poljima.
00:42
And for hundreds, even thousands of years,
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Stotinama, čak hiljadama godina,
00:46
the home was really the center of life.
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kuća je bila zaista centar življenja.
00:48
Life was very small for most people.
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Život je bio mali za većinu ljudi.
00:51
It was the center of entertainment, of energy production,
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Bio je centar zabave, proizvodnje energije,
00:55
of work, the center of health care.
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centar rada, centar zdravstvene brige.
00:58
That's where babies were born and people died.
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Tu su se rađale bebe i ljudi umirali.
01:02
Then, with industrialization, everything started
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Zatim, industrijalizacijom, sve je počelo
01:05
to become centralized.
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da postaje centralizovano.
01:06
You had dirty factories that were moved
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Imali ste prljave fabrike koje su pomerane
01:09
to the outskirts of cities.
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na ivice grada.
01:10
Production was centralized in assembly plants.
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Proizvodnja se centralizovala u proizvodnim linijama.
01:15
You had centralized energy production.
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Imali ste centralizovanu proizvodnju energije.
01:19
Learning took place in schools. Health care took place
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Učenje se odvijalo u školama. Briga o zdravlju se odvijala
01:21
in hospitals.
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u bolnicama.
01:24
And then you had networks that developed.
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Zatim ste imali mreže koje su se razvijale.
01:26
You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this
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Imali ste vodovodnu i kanalizacionu mrežu koje su dopuštale
01:30
kind of unchecked expansion.
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ovu vrstu nekontrolisane ekspanzije.
01:33
You had separated functions, increasingly.
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Imali ste porast odvojenih funkcija.
01:37
You had rail networks that connected residential,
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Imali ste železničku mrežu koja je povezivala stambene,
01:39
industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks.
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industrijske i trgovinske zone. Imali ste mrežu automobila.
01:42
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,
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Model je u stvari bio sledeći: daj svakom automobil
01:46
build roads to everything, and give people a place to park
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svuda sagradi puteve i daj ljudima mesto da parkiraju
01:48
when they get there. It was not a very functional model.
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kad stignu tamo. To nije bilo vrlo funkcionalno.
01:51
And we still live in that world,
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Još uvek živimo u tom svetu
01:54
and this is what we end up with.
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i evo, dovde smo stigli.
01:56
So you have the sprawl of LA,
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Dakle, imamo protezanje Los Anđelesa,
01:58
the sprawl of Mexico City.
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širenje Meksiko Sitija.
02:00
You have these unbelievable new cities in China
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Imate ove neverovatne nove gradove u Kini
02:03
which you might call tower sprawl.
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koje možete nazvati visinskim gradovima.
02:06
They're all building cities on the model that we invented
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Svi oni grade gradove prema zastarelom modelu koji smo
02:09
in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete, I would argue,
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izmislili pedesetih i šezdesetih godina
02:12
and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities
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i ima stotine i stotine novih gradova
02:14
that are being planned all over the world.
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koji se planiraju širom sveta.
02:16
In China alone, 300 million people,
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Samo u Kini, 300 miliona ljudi,
02:18
some say 400 million people,
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neki kažu 400 miliona,
02:20
will move to the city over the next 15 years.
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će se preseliti u gradove tokom sledećih 15 godina.
02:23
That means building the entire, the equivalent
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To znači izgradnju odgovarajuće, potpune
02:26
of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years.
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insfrastrukture SAD-a za 15 godina.
02:29
Imagine that.
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Zamislite to.
02:29
And we should all care about this
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Svi treba da brinemo zbog toga,
02:32
whether you live in cities or not.
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bez obzira da li živite u gradovima ili ne.
02:34
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,
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Gradovi će biti odgovorni za 90% porasta populacije,
02:37
80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,
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80% globalnog CO2, 75% potrošnje energije,
02:42
but at the same time it's where people want to be,
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ali u isto vreme, to je mesto gde ljudi sve više
02:45
increasingly.
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žele da budu.
02:47
More than half the people now in the world live in cities,
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Više od polovine svetske populacije živi u gradovima
02:50
and that will just continue to escalate.
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i taj broj će sve više rasti.
02:52
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.
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Gradovi su mesta slavlja, ličnog izražavanja.
02:56
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that —
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Tu imate gomile ljudi koje se bore jastucima --
02:59
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter)
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bio sam u nekoliko. Prilično su zabavne. (Smeh)
03:01
You have — (Laughs)
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Imate -- (Smeh)
03:04
Cities are where most of the wealth is created,
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Gradovi su mesta gde je najviše bogatstva stvoreno,
03:07
and particularly in the developing world,
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posebno u zemljama u razvoju,
03:09
it's where women find opportunities. That's
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to su mesta gde žene pronalaze mogućnosti.
03:11
a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.
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Ima mnogo razloga zašto gradovi rastu vrlo brzo.
03:14
Now there's some trends that will impact cities.
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Postoje neki trendovi koji utiču na gradove.
03:17
First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.
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Prvo, rad postaje raspodeljen i mobilan.
03:20
The office building is basically obsolete
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Zgrade sa kancelarijama su u osnovi zastarele
03:22
for doing private work.
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za obavljanje privatnog posla.
03:23
The home, once again, because of distributed computation --
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Kuća, ponovo, zbog raspodeljene procene --
03:27
communication, is becoming a center of life,
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komunikacije, postaje centar življenja,
03:30
so it's a center of production and learning and shopping
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ona je centar proizvodnje, učenja, kupovine
03:33
and health care and all of these things that we used
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zdravstvene brige i svih ovih stvari za koje smo mislili
03:36
to think of as taking place outside of the home.
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da se dešavaju van kuće.
03:39
And increasingly, everything that people buy,
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U porastu je trend da sve što ljudi kupuju,
03:43
every consumer product, in one way or another,
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svaki proizvod za potrošnju, na neki način,
03:45
can be personalized.
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može da se personalizuje.
03:47
And that's a very important trend to think about.
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To je trend o kom treba voditi računa.
03:49
So this is my image of the city of the future.
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Ovo je moja slika grada budućnosti.
03:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:54
In that it's a place for people, you know.
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To je mesto za ljude.
03:57
Maybe not the way people dress, but --
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Možda ne način na koji se ljudi oblače, ali --
04:00
You know, the question now is, how can we have all
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Sada je pitanje, kako možemo imati sve
04:02
the good things that we identify with cities
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dobre stvari koje povezujemo sa gradovima
04:05
without all the bad things?
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bez svih loših stvari?
04:07
This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours
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Ovo je Bangalor. Trebalo mi je nekoliko sati
04:09
to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.
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da pređem nekoliko kilometara u Bangaloru prošle godine.
04:12
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution
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Dakle, u gradovima imate prenatrpanost, zagađenje,
04:14
and disease and all these negative things.
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bolest i sve ove negativne stvari.
04:17
How can we have the good stuff without the bad?
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Kako možemo da imamo dobre stvari bez loših?
04:19
So we went back and started looking at the great cities
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Zato smo se vratili u prošlost i počeli
da posmatramo te sjajne gradove
da posmatramo te sjajne gradove
04:22
that evolved before the cars.
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koji su nastali pre automobila.
04:24
Paris was a series of these little villages
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Pariz se sastojao od niza ovih malih sela
04:27
that came together, and you still see that structure today.
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koja su se pojavila zajedno i danas se još uvek vidi ta struktura.
04:30
The 20 arrondissements of Paris
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20 okruga Pariza
04:32
are these little neighborhoods.
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su ova mala susedstva.
04:33
Most of what people need in life can be
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Većina onoga što ljudima treba za život može biti
04:35
within a five- or 10-minute walk.
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u okviru šetnje od 5 ili 10 minuta.
04:38
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind
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Kada pogledate podatke, kada imate tu vrstu strukture,
04:40
of a structure, you get a very even distribution
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dobijate veoma ujednačenu raspodelu
04:43
of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies
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prodavnica, lekara, apoteka
04:46
and the cafes in Paris.
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i kafića u Parizu.
04:48
And then you look at cities that evolved after
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Kada pogledate gradove koji su se razvijali posle
04:50
the automobile, and it's not that kind of a pattern.
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automobila, uzorak nije takav.
04:53
There's very little that's within a five minute walk
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Veoma malo toga ima, a da je u okviru petominutne šetnje
04:55
of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.
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u mnogim delovima gradova kao Pitsburg.
04:59
Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities
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Ne samo Pitsburg, već su se mnogi američki gradovi
05:01
really have evolved this way.
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razvijali upravo ovako.
05:04
So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved
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Stoga smo rekli, pogledajmo nove gradove, evo
05:08
in a couple of new city projects in China.
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nekoliko novih gradova u Kini.
05:11
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.
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Počnimo sa jedinicom susedstva.
05:13
We think of it as a compact urban cell.
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O njoj mislimo kao o kompaktnom urbanom prostoru.
05:14
So provide most of what most people want
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Dakle, obezbediti ono što mnogi ljudi žele
05:17
within that 20-minute walk.
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u okviru šetnje od 20 minuta.
05:18
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,
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Takođe to može da bude fleksibilna mikro elektro mreža,
05:22
community heating, power, communication networks,
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mreža za komunalno grejanje,
energiju, mreža za komunikaciju
energiju, mreža za komunikaciju
05:25
etc., can be concentrated there.
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itd., može se koncentrisati tu.
05:28
Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor
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Stjuard Brand bi verovatno stavio mikro nuklearni
05:30
right in the center, probably. (Laughter)
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reaktor tačno u sredinu. (Smeh)
05:32
And he might be right.
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Mogao bi biti u pravu.
05:34
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.
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Zatim možemo da napravimo ispreplitanu mrežu.
05:38
It's something of an Internet typology pattern,
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To je nešto kao internet,
05:41
so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.
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tako da možete da imate nizove ovih naselja.
05:44
You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell
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Možete da kreirate gustinu naseljenosti -- oko 20 000 ljudi po jedinici
05:46
if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000
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ako je to Kembridž. Idite na 50 000,
05:49
if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything
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ako je to gustina naseljenosti Menhetna. Sve povežite
05:51
with mass transit and you provide most of what most people
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javnim prevozom i obezbeđujete ono što je najpotrebnije
05:54
need within that neighborhood.
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većini ljudi u tom susedstvu.
05:56
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes
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Možete da počnete da razvijate posebnu vrstu ulica
06:00
and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through
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i vozila koja se tu kreću. Neću ići kroz sve.
06:03
all of them. I'll just show one.
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Pokazaću vam jednu.
06:06
This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility
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Ovo je Bulder. To je vrsta pokretnog
06:08
parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists
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autoputa, autoputa za džogere i bicikliste
06:11
where you can go from one end of the city to the other
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gde možete ići od jednog do drugog dela grada
06:14
without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing,
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bez prelaska ulice, tu su i bicikli za zajedničko korišćenje,
06:19
which I'll get into in a minute.
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o tom ću za minut.
06:20
This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea.
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Ovo je još interesantnije rešenje u Seulu, u Koreji.
06:23
They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,
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Rešili su se podignutog autoputa,
06:26
they reclaimed the street, the river down below,
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ponovo zauzeli ulicu, reku ispod,
06:30
below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul
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ispod ulice i možete ići od jednog kraja Seula
06:33
to the other without crossing a pathway for cars.
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do drugog, bez prelaska trake za vozila.
06:37
The Highline in Manhattan is very similar.
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"Traka" u Menhetnu je vrlo slična.
06:41
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes
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Imate biciklističke staze koje se pojavljuju sve više
06:45
all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.
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u celom svetu. Živeo sam na Menhetnu 15 godina.
06:48
I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph
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Pre par vikenda sam slikao tamo
06:51
of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.
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ove divne biciklističke staze koje su postavili.
06:55
They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something
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Još uvek nisu dostigli Kopenhagen, gde je otprilike
06:59
like 42 percent of the trips within the city
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42 posto svih putovanja u gradu
07:02
are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have
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biciklima. To je zato jer imaju
07:04
fantastic infrastructure there.
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fantastičnu infrastrukturu.
07:07
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.
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U stvari, uradili smo upravo pogrešnu stvar u Bostonu.
07:10
We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter)
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Mi -- projektanti podzemnog autoputa -- (Smeh)
07:14
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island
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rešili smo se autoputa, ali smo napravili saobraćajno ostrvo
07:18
and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything
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i to svakako nije staza za kretanje bilo čega osim
07:21
other than cars.
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automobila.
07:23
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking
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Zahtev za mobilnošću je nešto o čemu smo razmišljali,
07:25
about, so we think we need an ecosystem
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pa mislimo da nam treba ekosistem
07:27
of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit.
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ovih korišćenih vozila koja su povezana u javni prevoz.
07:31
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.
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Ovo su neka vozila na kojima smo radili.
07:34
But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle,
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Ključ je zajedničko korišćenje. Ako delite vozilo,
07:37
you can have at least four people use one vehicle,
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možete da imate bar četiri osobe koje koriste jedno vozilo,
07:40
as opposed to one.
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naspram jedne.
07:42
We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris.
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Imamo Habvej ovde u Bostonu, Velib sistem u Parizu.
07:47
We've been developing at the Media Lab this little
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U Zajednici za tehnološke inovacije smo razvili ovo malo
07:51
city car that is optimized for shared use in cities.
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gradsko vozilo koje je optimizovano za
zajedničko korišćenje u gradovima.
zajedničko korišćenje u gradovima.
07:55
We got rid of all the useless things like engines
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Oslobodili smo se svih nepotrebnih stvari kao što su motori
07:58
and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels,
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i menjači. Sve smo premestili na točkove,
08:01
so you have the drive motor, the steering motor,
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tako da imate pogonski motor, motor za upravljanje,
08:03
the breaking all in the wheel.
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svo kočenje je u volanu.
08:05
That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things
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Ovo je omogućilo da karoserija neometano može
08:07
like fold, so you can fold this little vehicle up
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da se sklopi. Ovo malo vozilo može da se sklopi tako
08:10
to occupy a tiny little footprint.
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da zauzima sićušni prostor.
08:14
This was a video that was on European television last week
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Ovaj video je bio na Evropskoj televiziji prošle nedelje,
08:17
showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving
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prikazuje španskog Ministra industrije kako vozi ovo malo
08:22
this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin.
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vozilo, koje kad se sklopi, može da se okreće.
08:24
You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.
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Ne treba vam vožnja unazad.
Ne treba vam paralelno parkiranje.
Ne treba vam paralelno parkiranje.
08:28
You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter)
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Samo se okrenete i direktno ulazite. (Smeh)
08:31
So we've been working with a company to
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Sa jednom kompanijom smo radili da
08:33
commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented
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ovo komercijalizujemo. Moj postdiplomac
Rajan Čin je predstavio
Rajan Čin je predstavio
08:35
these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference.
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ove prve ideje pre dve godine na TEDx konferenciji.
08:40
So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add
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Ono što je zanimljivo je, kad počnete da dodajete
08:44
new things to it, like autonomy, you get out of the car,
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nove stvari, kao odvajanje, izađete iz automobila,
08:46
you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt,
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parkirate se na svoje odredište, pogladite ga,
08:49
it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,
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on ode i sam se parkira, sam se napuni,
08:52
and you can get something like seven times
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dobijate sedam puta više vozila
08:54
as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars,
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u datom prostoru nego običnih vozila
09:00
and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today.
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i mislimo da je to budućnost. U stvari,
mogli bismo da uradimo ovo danas.
mogli bismo da uradimo ovo danas.
09:02
It's not really a problem.
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To zaista nije problem.
09:05
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy
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Možemo da kombinujemo zajedničko
korišćenje i samoupravljanje
korišćenje i samoupravljanje
09:09
and we get something like 28 times the land utilization
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i dobijamo otpilike 28 puta veću iskorišćenost prostora
09:11
with that kind of strategy.
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na taj način.
09:14
One of our graduate students then says, well,
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Jedan naš diplomirani student rekao je potom
09:16
how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?
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kako vozilo bez vozača komunicira sa pešacima?
09:20
You have nobody to make eye contact with.
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Nema kontakta očima.
09:22
You don't know if it's going to run you over.
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Ne znate da li će da vas pregazi.
09:23
So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can
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On razvija strategije koje omogućavaju vozilu da
09:26
communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter)
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komunicira sa pešacima, tako da -- (Smeh)
09:30
So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,
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prednja svetla su očne jabučice, zenice se mogu širiti,
09:33
we have directional audio, we can throw sound
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imamo usmereni zvuk, možemo da usmerimo zvuk
09:35
directly at people.
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direktno na ljude.
09:37
What I love about this project is he solved a problem
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Ono što volim kod ovog projekta je rešavanje problema
09:39
that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter)
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koji do sada nije postojao, tako da -- (Smeh)
09:43
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
09:45
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.
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Mislimo da možemo da demokratizujemo
pristup biciklističkim stazama
pristup biciklističkim stazama
09:49
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys
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Biciklističke staze uglavnom koriste mladi momci
09:50
in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter)
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u rastegljivim pantalonama. Zbog toga -- (Smeh)
09:54
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates
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Mislimo da možemo da razvijemo vozilo koje se kreće
09:57
on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled,
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na biciklističkim stazama, dostupno
starima i onesposobljenima,
starima i onesposobljenima,
10:00
women in skirts, businesspeople, and address the issues
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ženama u suknjama, poslovnim ljudima
i da adresiramo probleme
i da adresiramo probleme
10:04
of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity
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energije, gužve, pokretljivosti, starosti i debljine
10:07
simultaneously. That's our challenge.
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istovremeno. To je naš izazov.
10:09
This is an early design for this little three-wheel,
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Ovo je rani dizajn za ovog malog trotočkaša,
10:12
it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal
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to je elektronski bicikl. Treba da vrtite pedale
10:15
to operate it in a bike lane, but if you're an older person,
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da bi se kretao u biciklističkoj stazi,
ali ako ste starija osoba,
ali ako ste starija osoba,
10:19
that's a switch. If you're a healthy person,
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postoji prekidač. Ako ste zdrava osoba,
10:22
you might have to work really hard to go fast.
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treba da zaista zapnete da biste išli brzo.
10:24
You can dial in 40 calories going into work
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Možete potrošiti 40 kalorija za odlazak na posao,
10:26
and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.
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a 500 do kuće, kada možete da se istuširate.
10:28
We hope to have that built this fall.
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Nadamo se da će to biti napravljeno ove jeseni.
10:32
Housing is another area where we can really improve.
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Stanovanje je još jedna oblast koju možemo poboljšati.
10:36
Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing
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Gradonačelnik Bostona Menino kaže da je
nedostatak dostupnog
nedostatak dostupnog
10:40
for young people is one of the biggest problems
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stana za mlade jedan od najvećih problema
10:43
the city faces.
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sa kojim se grad suočava.
10:44
Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments.
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Graditelji kažu: "OK, napravićemo ove sićušne stanove."
10:47
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny
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Ljudi kažu da zaista ne žele da žive u sićušnim
10:50
conventional apartment.
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konvencionalnim stanovima.
10:51
So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis,
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Dakle, hajde da napravimo standardizovane šasije,
10:55
much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology
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kao za naše automobile. Dovedimo naprednu tehnologiju
10:59
into the apartment, technology-enabled infill,
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u stanove, popunimo tehnologijom,
11:04
give people the tools within this open-loft chassis
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dajmo ljudima alate da u ovim otvorenim kućištima
11:09
to go through a process of defining what their needs
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definišu svoje potrebe,
11:11
and values and activities are, and then
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vrednosti i aktivnosti. Zatim će
11:15
a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly
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algoritam usaglasiti jedinstven sklop za popunjavanje
11:18
of integrated infill components, furniture, and cabinetry,
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integrisanih komponenti, nameštaja, ormarića
11:22
that are personalized to that individual, and they give them
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koji su personalizovani prema toj osobi. To im daje
11:26
the tools to go through the process and to refine it,
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alate da prođu kroz proces i da ga usavrše.
11:28
and it's something like working with an architect,
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To je kao rad sa arhitektom,
11:31
where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative
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kada dijalog počinje davanjem alternative osobi
11:35
to a person to react to.
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da na nju reaguje.
11:37
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us
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Nama je najzanimljivija primena ovoga kada
11:43
is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so
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počnete da imate robotizovane zidove, pa
11:45
your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,
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se vaš prostor može pretvoriti iz vežbaonice u radni prostor,
11:49
if you run a virtual company.
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ako vodite virtuelnu firmu.
11:50
You have guests over, you have two guestrooms
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Dolaze vam gosti,stvaraju se dve
11:53
that are developed.
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gostinske sobe.
11:55
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement
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Imate jednu običnu spavaću sobu
11:59
when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time.
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kada vam je potrebna. Možda je uglavnom to slučaj.
12:01
You have a dinner party. The table folds out
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Imate večernju zabavu. Sto se izvlači
12:03
to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,
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da bi stalo 16 ljudi u inače običnu spavaću sobu,
12:07
or maybe you want a dance studio.
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ili možda želite plesni studio.
12:09
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas
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Arhitekte su o ovim idejama razmišljale
12:11
for a long time. What we need to do now,
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dugo vremena. Ono što treba da uradimo
12:14
develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese
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je da razvijemo stvari koje mogu da se skaliraju na 300
12:19
people that would like to live in the city,
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miliona Kineza koji bi želeli da žive
12:22
and very comfortably.
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vrlo udobno u gradu.
12:24
We think we can make a very small apartment
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Mislimo da možemo da napravimo vrlo mali stan
12:27
that functions as if it's twice as big
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koji funkcioniše kao da je dva puta veći,
12:29
by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes.
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korišćenjem ovih tehnika. Ne verujem u pametne kuće.
12:33
That's sort of a bogus concept.
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To vrsta lažnog koncepta.
12:35
I think you have to build dumb homes
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Mislim da treba napraviti prazne domove
12:37
and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter)
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i unutra staviti pametne stvari. (Smeh)
12:40
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.
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Tako da smo radili na kućištu samo sa zidovima.
12:47
You know, standardized platform with the motors
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Standardizovana platforma sa motorima
12:49
and the battery when it operates, little solenoids
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i baterijom kada radi, mali solenoidi
12:52
that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.
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koji će je zaključati i dovesti niskonaponsko napajanje.
12:55
We think this can all be standardized, and then people
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Mislimo da sve ovo može da se standardizuje, a zatim ljudi
12:58
can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,
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mogu da personalizuju stvari koje idu u taj zid
13:01
and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing
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i kao kod automobila, možemo da
integrišemo sve vrste senzora
integrišemo sve vrste senzora
13:04
to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or
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radi svesti o ljudskoj aktivnosti, pa ako je beba
13:07
a puppy in the way, you won't have a problem. (Laughter)
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ili kuče na putu, nećete imati problem. (Smeh)
13:12
So the developers say, well this is great. Okay,
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Stvaraoci kažu, ovo je sjajno. OK,
13:15
so if we have a conventional building,
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ako imamo uobičajenu zgradu,
13:17
we have a fixed envelope, maybe we can put in 14 units.
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imamo fiksiran omot, možda
možemo u njega staviti 14 jedinica.
možemo u njega staviti 14 jedinica.
13:21
If they function as if they're twice as big,
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Ako one funkcionišu kao da su duplo veće,
13:23
we can get 28 units in.
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možemo dobiti i 28 jedinica.
13:25
That means twice as much parking, though.
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Na kraju, to znači duplo više parkinga.
13:26
Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars
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Parkiranje je zaista skupo. Izgradnja uobičajenog
13:30
per space to build a conventional parking spot
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parkinga unutar zgrade košta oko 70 000 dolara
13:33
inside a building.
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po mestu.
13:34
So if you can have folding and autonomy,
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Ako imate sklapanje i samoupravljanje vozila,
13:38
you can do that in one seventh of the space.
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to možete uraditi u jednoj sedmini prostora.
13:41
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,
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To dovodi do 10 000 dolara po automobilu,
13:43
just for the cost of the parking.
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samo za cenu parkinga.
13:44
You add shared use, and you can even go further.
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Dodajte zajedničko korišćenje i stižete još dalje.
13:48
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology
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Takođe možemo da integrišemo
sve vrste naprednih tehnologija
sve vrste naprednih tehnologija
13:51
through this process. There's a path to market
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kroz ovaj proces. Postoji tržište
13:54
for innovative companies to bring technology into the home.
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inovativnih kompanija koje dovode tehnologiju u dom.
13:58
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens,
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U ovom slučaju, projekat koji radimo sa Simensom,
14:00
we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,
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imamo senzore na svom nameštaju, sve stvari
14:03
that understands where people are and what they're doing.
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razumeju gde su ljudi i šta rade.
14:05
Blue light is very efficient, so we have these tunable
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Plavo svetlo je vrlo efikasno, tako da imamo ove podesive
14:08
24-bit LED lighting fixtures.
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24-bitne LED rasvetne instalacije.
14:11
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,
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Ono raspoznaje gde su ljudi, šta rade,
14:15
fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,
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popunjava svetlom kad je neophodno do
punog spektra bele svetlosti,
punog spektra bele svetlosti,
14:19
and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption,
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tako štedi možda 30, 40 posto potrošnje energije,
14:25
we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art
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u odnosu na uobičajene najrazvijenije
14:28
lighting systems.
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svetlosne sisteme.
14:31
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors
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Ovo vam pokazuje podatke koji dolaze od senzora
14:34
that are embedded in the furniture.
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koji su ugrađeni u nameštaj.
14:36
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.
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Zaista ne verujemo u kamere da bismo obavljali poslove u domovima.
14:39
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.
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Mislimo da su ovi mali bežični senzori daleko efikasniji.
14:43
We think we can also personalize sunlight.
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Mislimo da možemo da personalizujemo sunčevu svetlost.
14:46
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.
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Na neki način to je vrsta krajnje personalizacije.
14:48
So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade
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Gledali smo da usmerimo ogledala na fasadi
14:51
that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,
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koja mogu da bace sunčeve zrake bilo gde u prostoru,
14:55
therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass
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dopuštajući da zasenčite većinu prozora
14:58
on a hot day like today.
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na vrelom danu, kao danas.
15:00
In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map
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U ovom slučaju, ona podiže slušalicu, može da planira
15:03
food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular
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pripremu hrane na kuhinjskom ostrvu prema posebnoj
15:07
location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location
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lokaciji sunčeve svetlosti.
Algoritam će je zadržati na tom mestu
Algoritam će je zadržati na tom mestu
15:11
as long as she's engaged in that activity.
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sve dok ona to radi.
15:14
This can be combined with LED lighting as well.
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Ovo se može kombinovati sa LED osvetljenjem.
15:18
We think workplaces should be shared.
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Mislimo da radna mesta treba deliti.
15:20
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.
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Mislim da je ovo zaista radno mesto budućnosti.
15:22
This is Starbucks, you know. (Laughter)
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Ovo je Starbaks. (Smeh)
15:24
Maybe a third — And you see everybody has their back
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Može i treće -- vidite svi su naslonili leđa
15:27
to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way
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na zid i imaju hranu i kafu pred sobom
15:29
and they're in their own little personal bubble.
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i oni su u svojim malim ličnim krugovima.
15:33
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.
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Potrebni su nam zajednički prostori za interakciju i saradnju.
15:35
We're not doing a very good job with that.
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Tamo ne radimo baš najbolje.
15:38
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have
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U Kembridž centru za inovacije, možete da
15:40
shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland
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delite stolove. Proveo sam mnogo vremena u Finskoj
15:43
at the design factory of Aalto University,
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u fabrici za dizajn Aalto univerziteta,
15:46
where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab,
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imali su zajedničku radionicu i digitalnu laboratoriju,
15:49
shared quiet spaces,
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zajedničke prostore za predah,
15:51
electronics spaces,
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elektronske prostore,
15:53
recreation places.
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mesta za rekreaciju.
15:55
We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together,
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Konačno, mislimo da sve ove stvari mogu da se spoje,
15:59
a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,
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novi model za kretanje, novi model za domaćinstvo,
16:02
a new model for how we live and work,
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novi model kako živimo i radimo,
16:05
a path to market for advanced technologies,
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put za tržište naprednih tehnologija,
16:07
but in the end the main thing we need to focus on
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ali na kraju, glavna stvar na koju treba da se fokusiramo
16:10
are people. Cities are all about people.
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su ljudi. Gradovi su ljudi.
16:12
They're places for people.
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To su mesta za ljude.
16:14
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve
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Nema razloga zašto ne možemo značajno popraviti
16:16
the livability and creativity of cities like they've done
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življenje i kreativnost gradova kao što su uradili
16:19
in Melbourne with the laneways while
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u Melburnu sa uskim putevima,
16:23
at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.
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istovremeno drastično su smanjili CO2 i gubitak energije.
16:27
It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.
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To je globalni imperativ. Moramo to napraviti kako treba.
16:31
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. (Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kent Larson - ArchitectKent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities.
Why you should listen
Kent Larson has been the director of the MIT House_n research consortium in the School of Architecture and Planning since 1998 and is also the current director of the MIT Media Lab's Changing Places group. Both projects are dedicated to developing technologies that solve contemporary issues in the home, the workplace, and the city. Larson practiced architecture in New York City for 15 years and wrote for several architectural publications and the New York Times. In 2000, his book, Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, was selected among the Ten Best Books in Architecture by the New York Times Review of Books. His current work has three focusses: responsive urban housing, ubiquitous technologies, and living lab experiments to test his group's designs in practical environments.
Kent Larson | Speaker | TED.com