TEDxBoston 2012
Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city
肯特·拉森：讓都市能容納更多人的聰明設計
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要如何能讓都市容納更多人口而不會過度擁擠？肯特·拉森 (Kent Larson) 展示了折疊車、能快速改變空間功能的公寓、及其他創新設計，讓未來都市就像過去的小村莊一樣運作。
Kent Larson - Architect
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I thought I would start with a very brief
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我想我應該簡短地從
00:19
history of cities.
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城市的發展歷史開始說起
00:21
Settlements typically began
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村落通常以
00:24
with people clustered around a well, and the size
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一群人圍著一口井開始，而村落的大小
00:27
of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk
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大約是你能頂著一壺水回家
00:29
with a pot of water on your head.
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所能負荷的距離
00:31
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,
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事實上，舉個例子來說，如果你飛越德國
00:35
and you look down and you see these hundreds
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俯瞰地面時你會看到上百個
00:36
of little villages, they're all about a mile apart.
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小小的村莊，而各村莊間隔約一哩遠
00:39
You needed easy access to the fields.
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你必須能方便的到田裡工作
00:42
And for hundreds, even thousands of years,
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過去數百年，甚至是過去數千年
00:46
the home was really the center of life.
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家就是生活的中心
00:48
Life was very small for most people.
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對大部分的人們而言，生活範圍很小
00:51
It was the center of entertainment, of energy production,
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家就是娛樂中心，能源生產中心，
00:55
of work, the center of health care.
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工作中心，照護中心
00:58
That's where babies were born and people died.
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那裡也是寶寶出生、親人去世的地方
01:02
Then, with industrialization, everything started
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之後，隨著工業革命發展，所有的東西
01:05
to become centralized.
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都開始集中化
01:06
You had dirty factories that were moved
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骯髒的工廠移到
01:09
to the outskirts of cities.
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城市外圍
01:10
Production was centralized in assembly plants.
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貨物集中在裝配工廠中製造
01:15
You had centralized energy production.
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能源生產也集中化
01:19
Learning took place in schools. Health care took place
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學習要到學校。醫療照護
01:21
in hospitals.
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則移到了醫院
01:24
And then you had networks that developed.
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然後各式網路發展起來
01:26
You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this
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送水及污水渠道使人們
01:30
kind of unchecked expansion.
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得以無限制擴張領域
01:33
You had separated functions, increasingly.
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分工現象愈來愈多
01:37
You had rail networks that connected residential,
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火車把住宅區
01:39
industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks.
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工業區及商業區連起來。你也有了公路系統
01:42
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,
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事實上，過去的模式的確是給每人一輛車
01:46
build roads to everything, and give people a place to park
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造公路到每個地方，而且讓人們到了目的地後
01:48
when they get there. It was not a very functional model.
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有個地方可以停車。這並不是功能很好的模式
01:51
And we still live in that world,
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但我們仍然生活在這樣的模式裡
01:54
and this is what we end up with.
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而這就是這種發展模式的結果
01:56
So you have the sprawl of LA,
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這是向四面八方無限蔓延的洛杉磯市
01:58
the sprawl of Mexico City.
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向四面八方無限蔓延的墨西哥市
02:00
You have these unbelievable new cities in China
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還有這些令人難以置信的中國新都市
02:03
which you might call tower sprawl.
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你或許可以稱這些為向天空無限蔓延的巨塔
02:06
They're all building cities on the model that we invented
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他們正以我們在50及60年代所發展的模式
02:09
in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete, I would argue,
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來建造都市，我要說這模式真的很過時了
02:12
and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities
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而全球還有成百上千的
02:14
that are being planned all over the world.
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新都市開發計劃
02:16
In China alone, 300 million people,
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僅在中國，就有三億人口
02:18
some say 400 million people,
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有人說是四億人口
02:20
will move to the city over the next 15 years.
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會在未來15年內遷徙到都市
02:23
That means building the entire, the equivalent
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這意味著中國要在15年內
02:26
of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years.
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建立相當於美國整體的基礎建設
02:29
Imagine that.
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可以想像嗎？
02:29
And we should all care about this
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我們都應該對此關心
02:32
whether you live in cities or not.
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不論你住在都市與否
02:34
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,
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都市要對90%的人口成長
02:37
80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,
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80%的全球二氧化碳排放量，75%的能源使用負責任
02:42
but at the same time it's where people want to be,
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但同時，都市也是人們
02:45
increasingly.
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愈來愈想去的地方
02:47
More than half the people now in the world live in cities,
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現在，全球一半以上的人住在都市裡
02:50
and that will just continue to escalate.
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而且人數還會逐步上升
02:52
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.
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都市是歡慶、表達個人的地方
02:56
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that —
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你有快閃族在打枕頭仗—
02:59
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter)
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我去參加過幾次。還挺好玩的。（笑聲）
03:01
You have — (Laughs)
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你有—（笑聲）
03:04
Cities are where most of the wealth is created,
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都市也是創造大部份財富的地方
03:07
and particularly in the developing world,
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特別是在開發中國家
03:09
it's where women find opportunities. That's
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在那裡女人有很多機會。這也是
03:11
a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.
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都市成長如此快速的主要原因
03:14
Now there's some trends that will impact cities.
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那麼，有一些趨勢會影響都市發展
03:17
First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.
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首先，工作變得分散並且機動性高
03:20
The office building is basically obsolete
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在辦公大樓內做私人工作
03:22
for doing private work.
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基本上已經過時了
03:23
The home, once again, because of distributed computation --
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「家」再度因為分散式計算，即通訊設備
03:27
communication, is becoming a center of life,
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而變成生活的中心
03:30
so it's a center of production and learning and shopping
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所以家是製造、學習、購物
03:33
and health care and all of these things that we used
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醫療，及其他我們原本已經習慣
03:36
to think of as taking place outside of the home.
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要在家以外發生的事情的中心
03:39
And increasingly, everything that people buy,
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而且人們想辦法把買的每一樣物品
03:43
every consumer product, in one way or another,
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每一種消費產品個人化的現象
03:45
can be personalized.
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也愈來愈多
03:47
And that's a very important trend to think about.
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這是值得思考的重要趨勢
03:49
So this is my image of the city of the future.
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所以這是我想像中的未來城市的樣子
03:52
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:54
In that it's a place for people, you know.
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因為都市是一個「人」的地方，你知道
03:57
Maybe not the way people dress, but --
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大家大概不會穿成這樣，但是 --
04:00
You know, the question now is, how can we have all
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你知道真正的問題是我們要如何
04:02
the good things that we identify with cities
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保有我們認為都市應該有的好東西
04:05
without all the bad things?
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而除去那些不好的事情？
04:07
This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours
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這是班加羅爾。去年我在那裡要花好幾個小時
04:09
to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.
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才能在班加羅爾街上移動數哩遠
04:12
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution
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所以有了都市，你也就有了交通阻塞及汙染
04:14
and disease and all these negative things.
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疾病，及那些不好的東西
04:17
How can we have the good stuff without the bad?
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我們要如何去蕪存菁？
04:19
So we went back and started looking at the great cities
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所以我們回溯歷史，並且開始研究那些
04:22
that evolved before the cars.
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在汽車發展前就很偉大的城市
04:24
Paris was a series of these little villages
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巴黎是由一系列的小村莊
04:27
that came together, and you still see that structure today.
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組合起來的，至今你仍然能看到這個結構
04:30
The 20 arrondissements of Paris
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巴黎的20區
04:32
are these little neighborhoods.
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就是由這些小社區組成的
04:33
Most of what people need in life can be
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人們生活所需的大部分物品
04:35
within a five- or 10-minute walk.
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都能在步行5到10分鐘之內買到
04:38
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind
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如果你研究一下數據，你會發現在巴黎
04:40
of a structure, you get a very even distribution
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因為這樣的組成結構，你會看到分佈平均的
04:43
of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies
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商店、診所及藥局
04:46
and the cafes in Paris.
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及餐館
04:48
And then you look at cities that evolved after
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然後你看看那些在車子發明之後
04:50
the automobile, and it's not that kind of a pattern.
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才發展出的城市，不走這種模式
04:53
There's very little that's within a five minute walk
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大部份像匹茲堡這樣的地方，很少有
04:55
of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.
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步行五分鐘之內能到的商店
04:59
Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities
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我不是故意要挑匹茲堡，但是大部分的美國城市
05:01
really have evolved this way.
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的確是以這種模式發展
05:04
So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved
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所以我們說，我們會，讓我們看看新都市
05:08
in a couple of new city projects in China.
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目前我們正參與幾個中國的都市發展計劃
05:11
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.
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所以我們說，讓我們從發展細胞社區開始
05:13
We think of it as a compact urban cell.
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我們把這視為小型的都會細胞社區
05:14
So provide most of what most people want
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它在步行20分鐘地區內
05:17
within that 20-minute walk.
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提供多數人想要的東西
05:18
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,
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這同時也是一個動態輸電微網
05:22
community heating, power, communication networks,
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社區暖氣供應站、電力供應站、通訊網路站
05:25
etc., can be concentrated there.
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等等設施都可以集中在此
05:28
Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor
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（美國環保運動先驅）斯圖爾特•布蘭德可能會放一個
05:30
right in the center, probably. (Laughter)
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微核子反應器在這個小細胞的中心（笑聲）
05:32
And he might be right.
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很有可能喔！
05:34
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.
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如此我們可以形成一個實際網狀網路
05:38
It's something of an Internet typology pattern,
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很像網際網路類型學的模式
05:41
so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.
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所以你可以有一系列這樣子的小社區
05:44
You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell
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你可以增加細胞社區人口密度--如果是劍橋，
05:46
if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000
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就增大到可容納二萬人。如果是曼哈頓
05:49
if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything
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就增大到五萬人。你把所有的東西
05:51
with mass transit and you provide most of what most people
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用大眾運輸連起來，而且你在細胞社區內提供
05:54
need within that neighborhood.
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大多數人所需之物品
05:56
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes
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你可以開始發展一整套街道景觀類型學
06:00
and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through
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並且設定什麼車子可以通過。我不要講所有細節
06:03
all of them. I'll just show one.
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我舉一個例就好
06:06
This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility
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這是博爾德市。這是個「移動林蔭大道」的好例子
06:08
parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists
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一條給慢跑者及單車客的「高速公路」
06:11
where you can go from one end of the city to the other
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讓你可以從城市的這一端走到另一端
06:14
without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing,
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不需要穿越馬路，而且他們還有個單車共享計劃
06:19
which I'll get into in a minute.
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等一下我會談這個
06:20
This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea.
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在南韓首爾這個解決方案更有趣
06:23
They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,
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他們把原有的高架道路拆掉
06:26
they reclaimed the street, the river down below,
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復原地面街道，在底下的暗渠變為明渠
06:30
below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul
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所以河流在街道底下，你可以從首爾的這一端
06:33
to the other without crossing a pathway for cars.
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走到另一端，不用穿過車道
06:37
The Highline in Manhattan is very similar.
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曼哈頓的 Highline（重整廢棄高架鐵道）也很類似
06:41
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes
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這些快速興起的自行車道
06:45
all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.
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在全世界盛行。我曾在曼哈頓住過15年
06:48
I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph
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前幾個星期我回去看了一下，照了這張照片
06:51
of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.
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他們蓋了幾條非常棒的新自行車道
06:55
They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something
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但是仍然比不上哥本哈根，在那裡
06:59
like 42 percent of the trips within the city
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大約百分之四十二的城內旅行
07:02
are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have
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是騎腳踏車完成。主要是因為他們有
07:04
fantastic infrastructure there.
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非常棒的基礎建設
07:07
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.
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我們其實也在波士頓作了件同樣的蠢事
07:10
We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter)
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我們--這個「大隧道計畫」（Big Dig）--（笑聲）
07:14
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island
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所以我們把高速公路拆掉，卻蓋了一個安全島
07:18
and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything
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很肯定這條「移動大道」除了車以外，沒有東西
07:21
other than cars.
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能在上面移動
07:23
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking
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「隨選自由行」是我們一直在想的東西
07:25
about, so we think we need an ecosystem
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所以我們認為我們需要一個生態系統
07:27
of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit.
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把這些共享車輛與大眾運輸系統連起來
07:31
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.
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這些是我們一直在設計的車輛種類
07:34
But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle,
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但是真正的關鍵是共享。如果你有一部車
07:37
you can have at least four people use one vehicle,
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你可以讓至少四人乘坐
07:40
as opposed to one.
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而不是一個人開
07:42
We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris.
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在波士頓我們有Hubway；在巴黎叫Vélib' （均為單車共享租用計劃）
07:47
We've been developing at the Media Lab this little
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我們在麻省理工的媒體實驗室計劃這個小小的
07:51
city car that is optimized for shared use in cities.
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車子，專門設計給都市人共享
07:55
We got rid of all the useless things like engines
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我們把那些沒用的東西拿掉，像是引擎
07:58
and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels,
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排檔等等。我們把所有的東西都移到輪子上
08:01
so you have the drive motor, the steering motor,
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所以驅動馬達、駕駛馬達
08:03
the breaking all in the wheel.
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還有剎車都在輪子上
08:05
That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things
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這樣底盤就不受限制。你可以做像是
08:07
like fold, so you can fold this little vehicle up
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摺疊這樣的事，所以你可以把這個小車子折起來
08:10
to occupy a tiny little footprint.
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這樣就只佔一個小小的空間
08:14
This was a video that was on European television last week
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這是上星期在歐洲電視上放的一段影片
08:17
showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving
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展示西班牙工業部長
08:22
this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin.
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駕駛這個小車，這個車折起來後還會轉圈圈
08:24
You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.
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你不需要預訂，不需要路邊停車
08:28
You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter)
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你只要轉一轉它然後直直停進去（笑聲）
08:31
So we've been working with a company to
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所以我們一直在與一家公司合作
08:33
commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented
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要量產上市這部車。我的博士班學生秦來恩（Ryan Chin）曾在
08:35
these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference.
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二年前的TEDx研討會上發表過本計畫早期的發展
08:40
So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add
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所以有趣的是，如果你開始在上面
08:44
new things to it, like autonomy, you get out of the car,
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加新東西，像是自動化程式，你下了車
08:46
you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt,
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你停在你的目的地後，拍拍它的屁股
08:49
it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,
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它可以自己去停車，還會自己充電
08:52
and you can get something like seven times
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你可以讓比原來多七倍的車輛
08:54
as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars,
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停在一個普通停車場裡
09:00
and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today.
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而我們認為這是未來的展望。其實今天就可以這麼做
09:02
It's not really a problem.
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這真的不是什麼問題
09:05
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy
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我們可以結合共享、折疊及自動化
09:09
and we get something like 28 times the land utilization
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使用這種策略我們可以
09:11
with that kind of strategy.
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讓土地使用增加28倍
09:14
One of our graduate students then says, well,
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然後我們有一個研究生說，嗯
09:16
how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?
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一部無人駕駛的車子要怎麼跟行人溝通？
09:20
You have nobody to make eye contact with.
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沒人在上面跟你眼神接觸
09:22
You don't know if it's going to run you over.
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你不知道這玩意是不是要輾過你
09:23
So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can
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所以他在發展一些策略，讓這部車子可以
09:26
communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter)
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跟行人溝通，所以 --（笑聲）
09:30
So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,
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所以車頭燈是眼珠，瞳孔會放大
09:33
we have directional audio, we can throw sound
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我們有定向的音訊，可以直接對著人
09:35
directly at people.
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播放聲音
09:37
What I love about this project is he solved a problem
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我喜歡這個計劃，因為他未雨稠繆
09:39
that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter)
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這問題基本上還不存在。所以（笑聲）
09:43
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑聲）（掌聲）
09:45
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.
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我們也認為這種車可以讓自行車道的使用更民主化
09:49
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys
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你知道，自行車道的使用者大部分都是年輕人
09:50
in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter)
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穿著緊身褲，你知道，所以 --（笑聲）
09:54
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates
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我們認為我們可以發展一種車子
09:57
on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled,
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可以在單車道上駕駛，老人及殘障者皆可使用
10:00
women in skirts, businesspeople, and address the issues
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穿裙子的女人、商人都可以，並且同時解決
10:04
of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity
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能源擁塞、行動力、老化及肥胖問題
10:07
simultaneously. That's our challenge.
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那是我們的挑戰
10:09
This is an early design for this little three-wheel,
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這是這個小三輪車的原型
10:12
it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal
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它是輛電動單車，你得踩踏板
10:15
to operate it in a bike lane, but if you're an older person,
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才能在騎在單車道上，但如果你是位老人家
10:19
that's a switch. If you're a healthy person,
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那裡有個開關轉成電動。如果你很健康
10:22
you might have to work really hard to go fast.
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你得非常努力的踩才能騎快
10:24
You can dial in 40 calories going into work
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你可以設定去上班時消耗40卡
10:26
and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.
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回家時500卡，因為回家可以洗澡
10:28
We hope to have that built this fall.
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我們希望能在這個秋天製造出來
10:32
Housing is another area where we can really improve.
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住宅是另一個還有進步空間的地方
10:36
Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing
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波士頓市長馬尼諾說，缺乏年輕人買的起的房子
10:40
for young people is one of the biggest problems
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是本市面臨的最大困難
10:43
the city faces.
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之一
10:44
Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments.
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都市計畫的人回應說，好啊，我們來蓋一些小小的公寓
10:47
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny
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買房的人則說，我們真的不想住在小小的
10:50
conventional apartment.
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普通公寓裡
10:51
So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis,
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所以我們主張，讓我們蓋一些標準化的屋殼
10:55
much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology
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就像剛剛那部車，然後我們把最先進科技
10:59
into the apartment, technology-enabled infill,
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打造的內裝放入公寓中
11:04
give people the tools within this open-loft chassis
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讓大家在這個開放式建築的殼裡
11:09
to go through a process of defining what their needs
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想想什麼是他們所需的物品
11:11
and values and activities are, and then
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價值觀及活動，然後
11:15
a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly
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一套電腦演算法會配合打造出一組獨有的裝配線
11:18
of integrated infill components, furniture, and cabinetry,
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將各式內裝元件、家俱、及櫥櫃套入這個殼內
11:22
that are personalized to that individual, and they give them
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形成爲個人打造的專屬空間，他們
11:26
the tools to go through the process and to refine it,
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還有工具可以繼續不斷修正
11:28
and it's something like working with an architect,
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這就好比你與建築師合作
11:31
where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative
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在一開始談計劃的時候就給個
11:35
to a person to react to.
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替代方案讓顧客想想
11:37
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us
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對我們而言，實行這套方法最有趣的就是
11:43
is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so
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當你可以擁有「機器人牆」的時候。所以
11:45
your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,
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假設你開了一間虛擬公司，這些「機器人牆」
11:49
if you run a virtual company.
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會把你的空間從運動房轉變成辦公室
11:50
You have guests over, you have two guestrooms
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你會有客人來訪，所以就設定好
11:53
that are developed.
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你要兩間客房
11:55
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement
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但你也需要一間傳統的
11:59
when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time.
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一房公寓。或許大部分時間都維持這樣。
12:01
You have a dinner party. The table folds out
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你邀請朋友來吃晚餐時，餐桌就打開
12:03
to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,
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讓16人都坐的下
12:07
or maybe you want a dance studio.
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說不定你想要一間舞蹈室
12:09
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas
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我的意思是建築師在想這些點子
12:11
for a long time. What we need to do now,
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已經想了很久。我們現在要做的就是
12:14
develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese
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發展可以擴展到讓想要住在都市裡的
12:19
people that would like to live in the city,
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這三億中國人
12:22
and very comfortably.
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能住的很舒服的東西
12:24
We think we can make a very small apartment
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我們認為我們可以使用這些策略
12:27
that functions as if it's twice as big
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讓一間非常小的公寓裡面的功能
12:29
by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes.
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如同二倍大的公寓般。我不相信所謂智慧型住家
12:33
That's sort of a bogus concept.
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這是沒有意義的虛假概念
12:35
I think you have to build dumb homes
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我認為你必須建造非常陽春的屋子
12:37
and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter)
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然後把智慧型的物品放在裡面。（笑聲）
12:40
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.
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所以我們已經開始發展這種牆的殼
12:47
You know, standardized platform with the motors
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你知道，標準化的平台，配備各式馬達
12:49
and the battery when it operates, little solenoids
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裝上電池以利運轉，小的電磁閥
12:52
that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.
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可以鎖定到位，產生低電壓電源等等
12:55
We think this can all be standardized, and then people
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我們認為這些都可以標準化，所以大家
12:58
can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,
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能針對不同需求將物品個人化，嵌在那面牆上
13:01
and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing
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就像那部車，我們可以把各樣的感應器整合起來
13:04
to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or
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能注意到人類活動，所以如果有個嬰兒
13:07
a puppy in the way, you won't have a problem. (Laughter)
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或一隻小狗在路中間擋路，你也不會撞上他。（笑聲）
13:12
So the developers say, well this is great. Okay,
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所以都市計畫的人說，嗯，這很棒，很好
13:15
so if we have a conventional building,
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所以如果我們有一棟普通的建築
13:17
we have a fixed envelope, maybe we can put in 14 units.
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容積就這麼大，大概可以放14間公寓
13:21
If they function as if they're twice as big,
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如果他們真的能發揮兩倍大的功能
13:23
we can get 28 units in.
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我們可以放28間公寓
13:25
That means twice as much parking, though.
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這意味著你也需要兩倍停車位
13:26
Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars
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蓋停車場真的很貴，在大樓裡蓋一座
13:30
per space to build a conventional parking spot
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普通的停車場，一個車格大約要
13:33
inside a building.
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美金七萬元
13:34
So if you can have folding and autonomy,
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所以如果你可以使用摺疊及自動化的觀念
13:38
you can do that in one seventh of the space.
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你可以僅使用七分之一的車格來停車
13:41
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,
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這樣讓每部車所需的費用下降到美金一萬元
13:43
just for the cost of the parking.
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這還只是停車場的費用
13:44
You add shared use, and you can even go further.
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再加上共享觀念你的費用可以省更多
13:48
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology
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我們也可以把所有先進科技透過這一過程
13:51
through this process. There's a path to market
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整合起來。這對要將技術帶進家裡的
13:54
for innovative companies to bring technology into the home.
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新創企業而言是條賺錢的康莊大道
13:58
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens,
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這個部分，我們正與西門子合作一個計畫
14:00
we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,
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我們在所有的家俱及內裝上都裝上感應器
14:03
that understands where people are and what they're doing.
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以偵測人在哪裡活動，以及他們在做什麼
14:05
Blue light is very efficient, so we have these tunable
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藍光非常有效率，所以我們裝上這些可調光量的
14:08
24-bit LED lighting fixtures.
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24-比特 全彩LED照明設備
14:11
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,
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它可以感應到人在哪裡，以及他在那裡做什麼
14:15
fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,
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必要時把燈光全打亮，成為全光譜白光
14:19
and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption,
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如此我們認為會比最先進的傳統照明設備
14:25
we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art
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節省大約百分之30到40的
14:28
lighting systems.
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能源消耗
14:31
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors
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這裡只展示了來自
14:34
that are embedded in the furniture.
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家俱上的感應器的數據
14:36
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.
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我們不認為攝影機能在家裡做這些事
14:39
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.
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我們認為這些小小的無線感應器更有效
14:43
We think we can also personalize sunlight.
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我們甚至認為我們可以把陽光個人化
14:46
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.
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這在某種程度可稱是最佳個人化的範例
14:48
So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade
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所以我們看上了在建築物立面裝可伸縮鏡子的方法
14:51
that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,
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如此可以投射陽光在房內任何一個地方
14:55
therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass
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所以像今天這樣的大熱天，你可以把大多數的窗戶
14:58
on a hot day like today.
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遮起來
15:00
In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map
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在這裡她利用電話，告訴電腦她將在
15:03
food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular
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在廚房中島上準備食物，同時投射陽光在一個設定的
15:07
location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location
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位置。只要她繼續從事這個活動
15:11
as long as she's engaged in that activity.
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電腦運算就會讓光束繼續停留在那個位置
15:14
This can be combined with LED lighting as well.
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這也可以與LED照明結合
15:18
We think workplaces should be shared.
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我們認為工作場所應該是共享公用的
15:20
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.
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我真的認為這是未來的工作場所
15:22
This is Starbucks, you know. (Laughter)
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這其實是星巴客，你知道的（笑聲）
15:24
Maybe a third — And you see everybody has their back
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可能三分之一的人吧 — 你看每一個人都背靠著牆
15:27
to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way
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走過去就有食物和咖啡
15:29
and they're in their own little personal bubble.
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他們都沉浸在自己的小小空間裡
15:33
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.
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我們需要共享的空間以互動及合作
15:35
We're not doing a very good job with that.
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在這方面我們沒有做的很好
15:38
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have
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在波士頓劍橋新創中心，你跟大家
15:40
shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland
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公用桌子。我曾在芬蘭的阿爾託大學 (Aalto University)
15:43
at the design factory of Aalto University,
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設計工廠待了很長的時間
15:46
where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab,
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在那裡他們共用車間，共用晶圓實驗室
15:49
shared quiet spaces,
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共用休息室
15:51
electronics spaces,
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電器房
15:53
recreation places.
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以及娛樂間
15:55
We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together,
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我們認為最終這些東西都可以湊在一起
15:59
a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,
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產生一種新的「可移動空間」模式，新的住宅模式
16:02
a new model for how we live and work,
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新的生活及工作模式
16:05
a path to market for advanced technologies,
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提供最新科技一條賺錢的路
16:07
but in the end the main thing we need to focus on
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但最終我們要注意一件最主要的事
16:10
are people. Cities are all about people.
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就是人。都市是「人」組成的
16:12
They're places for people.
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他們是人待的地方
16:14
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve
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我們沒有理由不能明顯地改善
16:16
the livability and creativity of cities like they've done
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都市的可住性及創造力。就像墨爾本
16:19
in Melbourne with the laneways while
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他們有很多徒步巷道
16:23
at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.
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同時顯著地節能減碳
16:27
It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.
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這是全球的當務之急。我們一定要搞清楚
16:31
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kent Larson - ArchitectKent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities.
Why you should listen
Kent Larson has been the director of the MIT House_n research consortium in the School of Architecture and Planning since 1998 and is also the current director of the MIT Media Lab's Changing Places group. Both projects are dedicated to developing technologies that solve contemporary issues in the home, the workplace, and the city. Larson practiced architecture in New York City for 15 years and wrote for several architectural publications and the New York Times. In 2000, his book, Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, was selected among the Ten Best Books in Architecture by the New York Times Review of Books. His current work has three focusses: responsive urban housing, ubiquitous technologies, and living lab experiments to test his group's designs in practical environments.
Kent Larson | Speaker | TED.com