TEDGlobal 2013
Juliana Rotich: Meet BRCK, Internet access built for Africa
Džuliana Rotiš (Juliana Rotich): Upoznajte BRCK, pristup internetu stvoren za Afriku
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Tehnološke zajednice širom Afrike su u procvatu, kaže Džuliana Rotiš iz Najrobija, jedan od osnivača softvera otvorenog koda Ušahidi (Ushahidi). Ali preostaje izazov ostvarivanja i održavanja veze u regionu u kome mreža često pada i pristup internetu je mestimičan. Zato su Rotiš i prijatelji razvili BRCK, koji pruža otpornu vezu za svet u razvoju.
Juliana Rotich - Tech entrepreneur
Juliana Rotich is the co-founder of Ushahidi, open-source software for collecting and mapping information -- and of iHub, a collective tech space in Nairobi, Kenya. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Juliana Rotich is the co-founder of Ushahidi, open-source software for collecting and mapping information -- and of iHub, a collective tech space in Nairobi, Kenya. She is a TED Senior Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Living in Africa is to be on the edge,
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Živeti u Africi znači biti na ivici,
00:15
metaphorically, and quite literally
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metaforički, ali i doslovno
00:18
when you think about connectivity before 2008.
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ako pomislimo
na povezivanje pre 2008.
na povezivanje pre 2008.
00:21
Though many human intellectual and technological leaps
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Iako je došlo do mnogih ljudskih
intelektualnih i tehnoloških pomaka
intelektualnih i tehnoloških pomaka
00:25
had happened in Europe and the rest of the world,
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u Evropi i ostatku sveta,
00:28
but Africa was sort of cut off.
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Afrika je na neki način bila
odsečena od toga.
odsečena od toga.
00:31
And that changed, first with ships
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To se promenilo,
prvo dolaskom brodova,
prvo dolaskom brodova,
00:33
when we had the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution
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kada je nastupila renesansa
i naučna revolucija,
i naučna revolucija,
00:37
and also the Industrial Revolution.
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kao i industrijska revolucija.
00:39
And now we've got the digital revolution.
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A sada imamo digitalnu revoluciju.
00:42
These revolutions have not been evenly distributed
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Ove revolucije nisu bile
jednako prisutne
jednako prisutne
00:45
across continents and nations.
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na svim kontinentima
i među svim nacijama.
i među svim nacijama.
00:47
Never have been.
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Nikada to nisu bile.
00:50
Now, this is a map of the undersea fiber optic cables
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Ovo je mapa podvodnih
optičkih kablova
optičkih kablova
00:54
that connect Africa to the rest of the world.
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koji povezuju Afriku
sa ostatkom sveta.
sa ostatkom sveta.
00:57
What I find amazing is that Africa
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Ono što ja smatram neverovatnim
je da Afrika
je da Afrika
00:59
is transcending its geography problem.
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prevazilazi svoj geografski problem.
01:01
Africa is connecting to the rest of the world
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Afrika se povezuje sa ostatkom sveta
01:03
and within itself.
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i unutar sebe.
01:05
The connectivity situation has improved greatly,
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Problem povezanosti
se znatno poboljšao,
se znatno poboljšao,
01:08
but some barriers remain.
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ali neke prepreke i dalje ostaju.
01:10
It is with this context that Ushahidi came to be.
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Ovo je okvir u kome
je nastao Ušahidi.
je nastao Ušahidi.
01:14
In 2008, one of the problems that we faced
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2008. jedan od problema
sa kojim smo se suočili
sa kojim smo se suočili
01:19
was lack of information flow.
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je bio nedostatak protoka informacija.
01:21
There was a media blackout in 2008,
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Došlo je do cenzure medija 2008.
01:24
when there was post-election violence in Kenya.
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kada je u Keniji izbilo
nasilje nakon izbora.
nasilje nakon izbora.
01:26
It was a very tragic time. It was a very difficult time.
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Bilo je to vreme tragedije.
Bilo je to veoma teško vreme.
Bilo je to veoma teško vreme.
01:29
So we came together and we created software
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Mi smo se skupili
i stvorili softver
i stvorili softver
01:32
called Ushahidi.
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nazvan Ušahidi.
01:33
And Ushahidi means "testimony" or "witness" in Swahili.
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Ušahidi znači "svedočanstvo"
ili "svedok" na svahiliju.
ili "svedok" na svahiliju.
01:37
I'm very lucky to work with two amazing collaborators.
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Srećna sam što imam
dva neverovatna saradnika.
dva neverovatna saradnika.
01:40
This is David and Erik.
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Ovo su Dejvid i Erik.
01:42
I call them brothers from another mother.
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Zovem ih braćom od drugih majki.
01:44
Clearly I have a German mother somewhere.
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Jasno je da negde imam
majku Nemicu.
majku Nemicu.
01:47
And we worked together first with building
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Naša prva saradnja je bila stvaranje
01:50
and growing Ushahidi.
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i razvijanje Ušahidija.
01:51
And the idea of the software was to gather information
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Ideja za softver je bila
prikupljanje podataka
prikupljanje podataka
01:54
from SMS, email and web, and put a map
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iz SMS poruka, mejlova i sa veba
i postavljanje istih na mapu
i postavljanje istih na mapu
01:57
so that you could see what was happening where,
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kako bismo mogli da vidimo
šta se gde dešava
šta se gde dešava
02:00
and you could visualize that data.
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i da vizualizujemo te podatke.
02:02
And after that initial prototype,
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Nakon početnog prototipa
02:04
we set out to make free and open-source software
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počeli smo sa razvijanjem
besplatnog softvera s otvorenim kodom
besplatnog softvera s otvorenim kodom
02:07
so that others do not have to start from scratch like we did.
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kako drugi ne bi morali da počinju
od nule kao što smo mi morali.
od nule kao što smo mi morali.
02:11
All the while, we also wanted to give back
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Istovremeno, želeli smo da uzvratimo
02:13
to the local tech community that helped us
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lokalnoj tehnološkoj zajednici
koja nam je pomogla
koja nam je pomogla
02:16
grow Ushahidi and supported us in those early days.
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u razvoju Ušahidija
i podržala nas tih ranih dana.
i podržala nas tih ranih dana.
02:19
And that's why we set up the iHub in Nairobi,
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I zato smo postavili Ajhab (iHub)
u Najrobiju,
u Najrobiju,
02:22
an actual physical space
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stvaran fizički prostor
02:24
where we could collaborate,
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u kome možemo da sarađujemo
02:26
and it is now part of an integral tech ecosystem in Kenya.
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i koji je sada deo jednog usađenog
tehnološkog ekosistema u Keniji.
tehnološkog ekosistema u Keniji.
02:31
We did that with the support of different organizations
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Uradili smo to uz pomoć
različitih organizacija
različitih organizacija
02:34
like the MacArthur Foundation and Omidyar Network.
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kao što su Fondacija Makartur
i Mreža Omidiar.
i Mreža Omidiar.
02:37
And we were able to grow this software footprint,
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Uspeli smo da razvijemo
ovaj početni softver
ovaj početni softver
02:40
and a few years later it became
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i nekoliko godina kasnije
02:43
very useful software,
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on je postao veoma koristan
02:45
and we were quite humbled when it was used in Haiti
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i shvatili smo njegovu veličinu
kada je on bio upotrebljen na Haitiju
kada je on bio upotrebljen na Haitiju
02:48
where citizens could indicate where they are
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gde su stanovnici njime mogli
da naznače gde se nalaze
da naznače gde se nalaze
02:52
and what their needs were,
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i koje su njihove potrebe,
02:53
and also to deal with the fallout from the nuclear crisis
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kao i kada je upotrebljen pri suočavanju
sa posledicama nuklearne krize
sa posledicama nuklearne krize
02:56
and the tsunami in Japan.
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i tokom cunamija u Japanu.
02:58
Now, this year the Internet turns 20,
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Ove godine internet puni 20 godina,
03:02
and Ushahidi turned five.
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a Ušahidi je napunio pet.
03:04
Ushahidi is not only the software that we made.
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Ušahidi nije samo
softver koji smor razvili.
softver koji smor razvili.
03:07
It is the team, and it's also the community
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On je tim, a takođe i zajednica
03:10
that uses this technology in ways that we could not foresee.
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koja koristi ovu tehnologiju na načine
koje nismo mogli da predvidimo.
koje nismo mogli da predvidimo.
03:14
We did not imagine that there would be this many maps
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Nismo ni sanjali da će biti
ovoliko mapa
ovoliko mapa
03:17
around the world.
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širom sveta.
03:19
There are crisis maps, election maps, corruption maps,
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Postoje krizne mape, mape o izborima,
mape korupcije,
mape korupcije,
03:22
and even environmental monitoring crowd maps.
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pa čak i mape za nadgledanje
životne sredine.
životne sredine.
03:26
We are humbled that this has roots in Kenya
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Ponosni smo na to što
sve ovo vuče korene iz Kenije
sve ovo vuče korene iz Kenije
03:29
and that it has some use to people around the world
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i da ljudi širom sveta koriste ovo
03:32
trying to figure out the different issues that they're dealing with.
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u rešavanju raznih problema
sa kojima se suočavaju.
sa kojima se suočavaju.
03:35
There is more that we're doing to explore this idea
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Radimo još mnogo toga
u istraživanju ove ideje
u istraživanju ove ideje
03:38
of collective intelligence, that I, as a citizen,
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o kolektivnoj inteligenciji,
da ja, kao stanovnik,
da ja, kao stanovnik,
03:41
if I share the information with whatever device that I have,
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ukoliko podelim informaciju
sa kojeg god uređaja da posedujem,
sa kojeg god uređaja da posedujem,
03:44
could inform you about what is going on,
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mogu da vas obavestim
o tome šta se dešava
o tome šta se dešava
03:46
and that if you do the same, we can have a bigger picture
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i da ako vi uradite to isto,
možemo da stvorimo širu sliku
možemo da stvorimo širu sliku
03:49
of what's going on.
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o tome šta se događa.
03:51
I moved back to Kenya in 2011.
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Vratila sam se u Keniju 2011.
03:53
Erik moved in 2010.
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Erik se preselio 2010.
03:55
Very different reality. I used to live in Chicago
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Jedna krajnje različita stvarnost.
Pre toga sam živela u Čikagu,
Pre toga sam živela u Čikagu,
03:57
where there was abundant Internet access.
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gde je internet bio široko dostupan.
04:00
I had never had to deal with a blackout.
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Nikada se nisam suočila
sa nestankom.
sa nestankom.
04:02
And in Kenya, it's a very different reality,
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U Keniji,
stvarnost je potpuno drugačija
stvarnost je potpuno drugačija
04:05
and one thing that remains despite the leaps in progress
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i stvar koja preostaje uprkos
koracima u napretku
koracima u napretku
04:08
and the digital revolution is the electricity problem.
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i digitalnoj revoluciji,
jeste problem električne energije.
jeste problem električne energije.
04:12
The day-to-day frustrations of dealing with this
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Svakodnevne frustracije
pri suočavanju s ovim problemom
pri suočavanju s ovim problemom
04:15
can be, let's just say very annoying.
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mogu da budu, recimo samo,
veoma neprijatne.
veoma neprijatne.
04:18
Blackouts are not fun.
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Isključenja nisu zabavna.
04:20
Imagine sitting down to start working, and all of a sudden
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Zamislite da sednete i
počnete da radite i iznenada
počnete da radite i iznenada
04:23
the power goes out,
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nestane struja,
04:25
your Internet connection goes down with it,
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internet veza zajedno sa njom
04:27
so you have to figure out, okay, now, where's the modem,
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i onda morate da otkrijete
gde je modem
gde je modem
04:31
how do I switch back?
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i kako ga ponovo uključiti.
04:33
And then, guess what? You have to deal with it again.
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A onda, pogodite šta?
Morate da se nosite sa svim tim iznova.
Morate da se nosite sa svim tim iznova.
04:36
Now, this is the reality of Kenya, where we live now,
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Ovo je stvarnost u Keniji,
gde trenutno živimo,
gde trenutno živimo,
04:39
and other parts of Africa.
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i ostalim delovima Afrike.
04:41
The other problem that we're facing
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Drugi problem sa kojim se suočavamo
04:43
is that communication costs are also still a challenge.
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je cena komunikacija,
koja je i dalje izazov.
koja je i dalje izazov.
04:48
It costs me five Kenyan shillings,
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Mene košta pet kenijskih šilinga,
04:50
or .06 USD to call the U.S., Canada or China.
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ili ,06 američkih dolara kako bih nazvala
Ameriku, Kanadu ili Kinu.
Ameriku, Kanadu ili Kinu.
04:56
Guess how much it costs to call Rwanda, Ghana, Nigeria?
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Zamislite koliko košta poziv za
Ruandu, Ganu ili Nigeriju?
Ruandu, Ganu ili Nigeriju?
05:00
Thirty Kenyan shillings. That's six times the cost
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Tridesed kenijskih šilinga.
To je šestostruka cena
To je šestostruka cena
05:04
to connect within Africa.
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povezivanja unutar Afrike.
05:06
And also, when traveling within Africa,
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Takođe, dok putujete Afrikom,
05:08
you've got different settings for different mobile providers.
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postoje različita podešavanja
za različite mobilne operatere.
za različite mobilne operatere.
05:11
This is the reality that we deal with.
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To je stvarnost s kojom se nosimo.
05:14
So we've got a joke in Ushahidi
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Postoji jedna šala u Ušahidiju
05:17
where we say, "If it works in Africa, it'll work anywhere."
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koja kaže: "Ako radi u Africi,
radiće svuda."
radiće svuda."
05:21
[Most use technology to define the function. We use function to drive the technology.]
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[Mnogi tehnologijom određuju funkciju.
Nama funkcija pokreće tehnologiju.]
Nama funkcija pokreće tehnologiju.]
05:23
What if we could overcome the problem
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Šta ako bismo mogli
da prevaziđemo problem
da prevaziđemo problem
05:26
of unreliable Internet and electricity
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nepouzdanog interneta i struje
05:30
and reduce the cost of connection?
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i smanjimo troškove povezivanja?
05:32
Could we leverage the cloud?
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Možemo li podupreti mrežu?
05:34
We've built a crowd map, we've built Ushahidi.
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Stvorili smo mapu ljudi,
stvorili smo Ušahidi.
stvorili smo Ušahidi.
05:35
Could we leverage these technologies
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Možemo li osposobiti ovu tehnologiju
05:38
to switch smartly whenever you travel from country to country?
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da se samostalno preključuje
kako putujemo iz države u državu?
kako putujemo iz države u državu?
05:43
So we looked at the modem,
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Pogledali smo modem,
05:44
an important part of the infrastructure of the Internet,
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bitan deo infrastrukture interneta,
05:47
and asked ourselves why
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i zapitali smo se
05:50
the modems that we are using right now
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zašto su modemi
koje trenutno koristimo
koje trenutno koristimo
05:52
are built for a different context, where you've got
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stvoreni za jedan drugačiji kontekst,
u kome postoji
u kome postoji
05:54
ubiquitous internet, you've got ubiquitous electricity,
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sveprisutan internet,
sveprisutna struja,
sveprisutna struja,
05:58
yet we sit here in Nairobi and we do not have that luxury.
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a ipak smo mi ovde u Najrobiju
i nemamo taj luksuz.
i nemamo taj luksuz.
06:03
We wanted to redesign the modem
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Želeli smo da izmenimo dizajn modema
06:06
for the developing world, for our context,
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za zemlje u razvoju,
za naš kontekst
za naš kontekst
06:09
and for our reality.
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i za našu stvarnost.
06:11
What if we could have connectivity with less friction?
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Šta ako bismo mogli da
se povežemo uz manje prepreka?
se povežemo uz manje prepreka?
06:14
This is the BRCK.
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Ovo je BRCK.
06:18
It acts as a backup to the Internet
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Funkcioniše kao rezervni internet,
06:21
so that, when the power goes out,
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tako da se,
kada nestane struje,
kada nestane struje,
06:24
it fails over and connects to the nearest GSM network.
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on prebacuje
na najbližu GSM mrežu.
na najbližu GSM mrežu.
06:31
Mobile connectivity in Africa is pervasive.
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Mobilna mreža je svepristuna u Africi.
06:33
It's actually everywhere.
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Ima je svuda.
06:36
Most towns at least have a 3G connection.
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Većina gradova ima
barem 3G povezanost.
barem 3G povezanost.
06:39
So why don't we leverage that? And that's why we built this.
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Zašto to ne bismo iskoristili?
I zato smo stvorili ovo.
I zato smo stvorili ovo.
06:42
The other reason that we built this
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Drugi razlog
zbog koga smo stvorili ovo
zbog koga smo stvorili ovo
06:44
is when electricity goes down, this has eight hours
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jeste da kada nestane struje,
njemu preostaje osam sati
njemu preostaje osam sati
06:46
of battery left, so you can continue working,
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baterije, tako da možete
da nastavite s radom,
da nastavite s radom,
06:48
you can continue being productive,
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možete i dalje da budete produktivni
06:51
and let's just say you are less stressed.
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i možemo reći da ste
pod manjim stresom.
pod manjim stresom.
06:55
And for rural areas, it can be
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A za seoska naselja,
ovo može biti
ovo može biti
06:57
the primary means of connection.
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primarni način povezivanja.
06:59
The software sensibility at Ushahidi is still at play
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Korisnost softvera u Ušahidiju
je i dalje bila ključna
je i dalje bila ključna
07:02
when we wondered how can we use the cloud
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kada smo se zapitali kako da
mrežu upotrebimo tako
mrežu upotrebimo tako
07:05
to be more intelligent so that
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da bude još inteligentnija
07:07
you can analyze the different networks,
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i da budemo u mogućnosti
da analiziramo različite mreže
da analiziramo različite mreže
07:09
and whenever you switch on the backup,
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i da kada se prebacimo
na rezervu
na rezervu
07:12
you pick on the fastest network,
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odabir padne na najbržu mrežu
07:15
so we'll have multi-SIM capability
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i zato imamo multi-SIM sposobnost,
07:17
so that you can put multiple SIMs,
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možete da koristite više SIM kartica,
07:19
and if one network is faster, that's the one you hop on,
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i ukoliko je određena mreža brža,
priključićete se na nju,
priključićete se na nju,
07:23
and if the up time on that is not very good,
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a ako konekcija nije dobra,
07:26
then you hop onto the next one.
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možete da pređete na sledeću.
07:29
The idea here is for you to be able to connect anywhere.
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Ideja je da možete
da se priključite bilo gde.
da se priključite bilo gde.
07:32
With load balancing, this can be possible.
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Sa balansiranjem opterećenja,
ovo postaje moguće.
ovo postaje moguće.
07:35
The other interesting thing for us -- we like sensors --
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Druga interesantna stvar za nas -
jer mi volimo senzore -
jer mi volimo senzore -
07:39
is this idea that you could have an on-ramp
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jeste mogućnost
"on-ramp"-a [širokog dometa]
"on-ramp"-a [širokog dometa]
07:43
for the Internet of things.
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za internet.
07:44
Imagine a weather station that can be attached to this.
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Zamislite meteorološku stanicu
prikačenu za ovo.
prikačenu za ovo.
07:48
It's built in a modular way so that you can also attach
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Zato što je modularne građe,
možete da priključite
možete da priključite
07:51
a satellite module so that you could have
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i satelitski modul i tako omogućiti
07:53
Internet connectivity even in very remote areas.
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vezu sa internetom čak i
u najudaljenijim predelima.
u najudaljenijim predelima.
07:56
Out of adversity can come innovation,
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Iz nedaća proizlazi inovacija,
07:59
and how can we help the ambitious coders and makers
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a kako možemo da pomognemo
ambicioznim programerima i stvaraocima
ambicioznim programerima i stvaraocima
08:03
in Kenya to be resilient in the face of problematic infrastructure?
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u Keniji da postanu otporni
na probleme u infrastrukturi?
na probleme u infrastrukturi?
08:07
And for us, we begin with solving the problem
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Mi počinjemo sa rešavanjem problema
08:09
in our own backyard in Kenya.
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na našem terenu, u Keniji.
08:12
It is not without challenge.
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To nije bez teškoća.
08:15
Our team has basically been mules carrying components
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Naš tim je doslovno kao mazga
vukao komponente
vukao komponente
08:17
from the U.S. to Kenya. We've had very interesting conversations
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iz SAD-a u Keniju. Imali smo
interesantne razgovore
interesantne razgovore
08:21
with customs border agents.
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sa agentima na carini.
08:22
"What are you carrying?"
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"Šta to nosite?"
08:24
And the local financing is not
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A lokalno finansiranje nije deo
08:27
part of the ecosystem for supporting hardware projects.
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ekosistema za podršku
hardverskih projekata.
hardverskih projekata.
08:32
So we put it on Kickstarter, and I'm happy to say that,
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Zato smo projekat postavili na Kikstarter
i drago mi je što mogu da kažem
i drago mi je što mogu da kažem
08:35
through the support of many people,
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da je uz podršku velikog broja ljudi
08:37
not only here but online,
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ne samo ovde, već i onlajn,
08:39
the BRCK has been Kickstarted,
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BRCK pokrenut
08:42
and now the interesting part of bringing this to market begins.
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i sada počinje interesantan deo
njegovog plasmana na tržište.
njegovog plasmana na tržište.
08:46
I will close by saying that, if we solve this
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Završiću time što ću reći,
da ukoliko rešimo ovo
da ukoliko rešimo ovo
08:49
for the local market, it could be impactful
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na lokalnom tržištu,
to može imati uticaja
to može imati uticaja
08:51
not only for the coders in Nairobi
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ne samo na programere
u Najrobiju,
u Najrobiju,
08:54
but also for small business owners
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nego i na vlasnike malih preduzeća
08:56
who need reliable connectivity,
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kojima je potrebna pouzdana veza
08:59
and it can reduce the cost of connecting,
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i ovo može da smanji
troškove povezivanja
troškove povezivanja
09:01
and hopefully collaboration within African countries.
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i nadam se, saradnje
među afričkim državama.
među afričkim državama.
09:05
The idea is that the building blocks of the digital economy
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Ideja je da su temelji
digitalne ekonomije
digitalne ekonomije
09:10
are connectivity and entrepreneurship.
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povezivanje i preduzetništvo.
09:14
The BRCK is our part
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BRCK je naš doprinos
09:16
to keep Africans connected,
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povezivanju Afrikanaca
09:19
and to help them drive the global digital revolution.
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kako bismo im pomogli u pokretanju
globalne digitalne revolucije.
globalne digitalne revolucije.
09:23
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
09:24
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juliana Rotich - Tech entrepreneurJuliana Rotich is the co-founder of Ushahidi, open-source software for collecting and mapping information -- and of iHub, a collective tech space in Nairobi, Kenya. She is a TED Senior Fellow.
Why you should listen
Juliana Rotich is co-founder and executive director of Ushahidi, a nonprofit tech company, born in Africa, that develops free and open-source software for information collection, interactive mapping and data curation. Ushahidi builds tools for democratizing information, increasing transparency and lowering the barriers for individuals to share their stories. Through Crowdmap.com, Swiftly.org and accompanying mobile applications, Ushahidi is making crowdsourcing tools available and useful. Their latest product is BRCK, a tool for resilient connectivity -- anywhere.
Rotich is also a founder of iHub, a Nairobi tech space described as "part open community workspace (co-working), part vector for investors and VCs and part incubator." She is a TED Senior Fellow and serves on the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Information Communications Technology. She co-founded Mobisoko, a mobile marketplace for language and location relevant apps in Africa. She was named Social Entrepreneur of the Year in 2011 by The World Economic Forum.
Juliana Rotich | Speaker | TED.com