TED2014
Shai Reshef: An ultra-low-cost college degree
Šai Rešef (Shai Reshef): Neverovatno pristupačna fakultetska diploma
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Na onlajn Univerzitetu ljudi, svako sa diplomom srednje škole može da pohađa kurseve za diplomu u poslovnoj administraciji ili informatici - bez standardnih troškova školarine (iako se ispiti plaćaju). Osnivač Šai Rešef se nada da se visoko obrazovanje menja iz "privilegije za nekolicinu u osnovno pravo, pristupačno i dostupno svima."
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to share with you
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Želeo bih da podelim sa vama
00:14
a new model of higher education,
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novi model visokog obrazovanja,
00:17
a model that, once expanded,
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model koji će, kada se proširi
00:20
can enhance the collective intelligence
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moći da poboljša kolektivno znanje
00:22
of millions of creative and motivated individuals
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miliona kreativnih
i motivisanih pojedinaca
i motivisanih pojedinaca
00:26
that otherwise would be left behind.
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koji bi inače bili zapostavljeni.
00:29
Look at the world.
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Pogledajte svet.
00:31
Pick up a place and focus on it.
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Odaberite mesto
i usredsredite se na njega.
i usredsredite se na njega.
00:34
You will find humans chasing higher education.
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Videćete ljude koji jure
za visokim obrazovanjem.
za visokim obrazovanjem.
00:38
Let's meet some of them.
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Hajde da upoznamo neke od njih.
00:40
Patrick.
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Patrik.
00:42
Patrick was born in Liberia
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Patrik je rođen u Liberiji
00:44
to a family of 20 children.
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u porodici sa dvadesetoro dece.
00:47
During the civil war, he and his family were forced
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Tokom građanskog rata,
on i njegova porodica su bili primorani
on i njegova porodica su bili primorani
00:52
to flee to Nigeria.
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da pobegnu u Nigeriju.
00:54
There, in spite of his situation,
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Uprkos svojoj situaciji,
00:57
he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
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tamo je završio srednju školu
sa skoro savršenim ocenama.
sa skoro savršenim ocenama.
01:01
He wanted to continue to higher education,
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Želeo je da nastavi
do visokog obrazovanja,
do visokog obrazovanja,
01:04
but due to his family
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ali pošto je njegova porodica
01:05
living on the poverty line,
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živela na granici siromaštva,
01:07
he was soon sent to South Africa
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ubrzo su ga poslali u Južnu Afriku
01:09
to work and send back money
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da radi i šalje novac
01:12
to feed his family.
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da prehrani svoju porodicu.
01:15
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.
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Patrik nikada nije odustao
od svog sna o visokom obrazovanju.
od svog sna o visokom obrazovanju.
01:18
Late at night, after work,
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Kasno u noć, nakon posla,
01:21
he surfed the Net looking for ways to study.
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pretraživao je internet
i tražio načine da uči.
i tražio načine da uči.
01:25
Meet Debbie.
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Upoznajte Debi.
01:26
Debbie is from Florida.
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Debi je iz Floride.
01:29
Her parents didn't go to college,
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Njeni roditelji nisu išli na fakultet,
01:31
and neither did any of her siblings.
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kao ni njena braća i sestre.
01:34
Debbie has worked all her life,
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Debi je radila ceo život,
01:38
pays taxes, supports herself month to month,
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plaća porez, izdržava se
iz meseca u mesec,
iz meseca u mesec,
01:41
proud of the American dream,
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ponosna je na američki san,
01:44
a dream that just won't be complete
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san koji jednostavno neće biti potpun
01:46
without higher education.
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bez visokog obrazovanja.
01:48
But Debbie doesn't have the savings
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Ali Debi nema ušteđevinu
01:51
for higher education.
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za visoko obrazovanje.
01:52
She can't pay the tuition.
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Ne može da plaća školarinu.
01:54
Neither could she leave work.
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A ne može ni da napusti posao.
01:57
Meet Wael.
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Upoznajte Vaela.
01:59
Wael is from Syria.
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Vael je iz Sirije.
02:01
He's firsthand experiencing
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Lično doživljava
02:05
the misery, fear and failure
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patnju, strah i propast
02:07
imposed on his country.
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koji su nametnuti njegovoj zemlji.
02:10
He's a big believer in education.
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Žestoki je vernik u obrazovanje.
02:13
He knew that if he would find an opportunity
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Znao je da kada bi pronašao priliku
02:15
for higher education,
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za visoko obrazovanje,
02:17
an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
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priliku da se izdigne iznad drugih,
02:19
he has a better chance to survive
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da bi imao bolju priliku za opstanak
02:22
in a world turned upside down.
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u svetu okrenutom naglavačke.
02:26
The higher education system
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Sistem visokog obrazovanja
02:29
failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,
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izdao je Patrika, Debi i Vaela,
02:32
exactly as it is failing
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isto kao što izdaje
02:34
millions of potential students,
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milione potencijalnih studenata,
02:37
millions that graduate high school,
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milione koji završe samo srednju školu,
02:40
millions that are qualified for higher education,
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milione koji su kvalifikovani
za visoko obrazovanje,
za visoko obrazovanje,
02:43
millions that want to study
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milione koji žele da uče
02:45
yet cannot access for various reasons.
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ali nemaju pristup iz raznih razloga.
02:49
First, financial.
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Prvo, finansijski.
02:52
Universities are expensive. We all know it.
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Univerziteti su skupi. Svi to znamo.
02:55
In large parts of the world,
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U velikom delu sveta,
02:57
higher education is unattainable
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visoko obrazovanje je nedostižno
02:59
for an average citizen.
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za prosečnog građanina.
03:02
This is probably the biggest problem
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Ovo je verovatno najveći problem
03:04
facing our society.
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sa kojim se suočava naše društvo.
03:06
Higher education stopped being a right for all
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Visoko obrazovanje je prestalo
da bude svačije pravo
da bude svačije pravo
03:10
and became a privilege for the few.
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i postalo je privilegija nekolicine.
03:13
Second, cultural.
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Druga stvar je kulturalna.
03:17
Students who are qualified for higher education,
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Učenici koji su kvalifikovani
za visoko obrazovanje,
za visoko obrazovanje,
03:20
can afford, want to study, cannot
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koji žele da uče i mogu to da priušte,
03:24
because it is not decent,
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ne mogu to rade jer to nije pristojno,
03:28
it is not a place for a woman.
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to nije mesto za ženu.
03:30
This is the story of countless women
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Ovo je priča nebrojenih žena,
03:33
in Africa, for example,
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na primer u Africi,
03:35
prevented from higher education
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gde im je sprečeno da se obrazuju
03:37
because of cultural barriers.
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zbog kulturalnih prepreka.
03:39
And here comes the third reason:
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Evo trećeg razloga:
03:42
UNESCO stated that in 2025,
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Unesko je izjavio da će 2025.
03:45
100 million students
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100 miliona studenata
03:48
will be deprived from higher education
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biti lišeno visokog obrazovanja
03:51
simply because there will not be enough seats
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jednostavno jer neće biti dovoljno mesta
03:55
to accommodate them, to meet the demand.
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da ih primi, da zadovolji potražnju.
03:58
They will take a placement test,
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Polagaće prijemni ispit,
03:59
they will pass it,
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položiće ga,
04:01
but they still won't have access
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ali opet neće imati pristup
04:03
because there are no places available.
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jer neće biti slobodnih mesta.
04:07
These are the reasons
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Ovo su razlozi
04:09
I founded University of the People,
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zašto sam osnovao Univerzitet ljudi,
04:11
a nonprofit, tuition-free,
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neprofitni univerzitet bez školarine
04:14
degree-granting university
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koji daje diplome,
04:16
to give an alternative,
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kako bih pružio alternativu,
04:18
to create an alternative to those who have no other,
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onima koji drugu nemaju,
04:22
an alternative that will be affordable
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alternativu koja će biti pristupačna
04:25
and scalable,
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i skalabilna,
04:27
an alternative that will disrupt
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alternativu koja će poremetiti
04:30
the current education system,
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trenutni sistem školstva,
04:33
open the gates to higher education
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otvoriti vrata visokog obrazovanja
04:35
for every qualified student
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svakom kvalifikovanom učeniku
04:37
regardless of what they earn, where they live,
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bez obzira na njihove prihode,
mesto boravka
mesto boravka
04:42
or what society says about them.
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ili šta društvo kaže o njima.
04:45
Patrick, Debbie and Wael
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Patrik, Debi i Vael
04:47
are only three examples
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su samo tri primera
04:48
out of the 1,700 accepted students
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od 1700 prihvaćenih učenika
04:51
from 143 countries.
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iz 143 države.
04:54
We — (Applause) — Thank you.
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Mi - (Aplauz) - Hvala vam.
05:00
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.
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Nismo morali da ponovo izmislimo točak.
05:02
We just looked at what wasn't working
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Samo smo pogledali šta ne funkcioniše
05:04
and used the amazing power of the Internet
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i iskoristili neverovatnu moć interneta
05:07
to get around it.
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da to zaobiđemo.
05:09
We set out to build a model
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Krenuli smo da napravimo model
05:12
that will cut down almost entirely
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koji bi skoro sasvim sasekao
05:15
the cost of higher education,
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troškove visokog obrazovanja
05:17
and that's how we did it.
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i tako smo to uradili.
05:19
First, bricks and mortar cost money.
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Prvo, cigle i malter koštaju.
05:22
Universities have expenses
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Univerziteti imaju troškove
05:25
that virtual universities don't.
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koje virtuelni univerziteti nemaju.
05:28
We don't need to pass these expenses
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Ne moramo da prosleđujemo
05:30
onto our students.
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ove troškove našim studentima.
05:31
They don't exist.
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Oni ne postoje.
05:33
We also don't need to worry about capacity.
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Takođe ne moramo da brinemo o kapacitetu.
05:36
There are no limits of seats
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Nema ograničenja sedišta
05:38
in virtual university.
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na virtuelnom univerzitetu.
05:40
Actually, nobody needs to stand
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Zapravo niko ne mora da stoji
05:42
at the back of the lecture hall.
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u pozadini učionice.
05:45
Textbooks is also something
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Naši studenti takođe ne moraju
05:47
our students don't need to buy.
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da kupuju udžbenike.
05:49
By using open educational resources
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Koristeći otvorene obrazovne resurse
05:52
and the generosity of professors
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i darežljivost profesora
05:55
who are putting their material
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koji svoje materijale čine
05:56
free and accessible,
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slobodnim i dostupnim,
05:59
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.
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ne moramo da šaljemo svoje studente
da kupuju udžbenike.
da kupuju udžbenike.
06:02
All of our materials come free.
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Svi naši materijali su besplatni.
06:05
Even professors,
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Čak i profesori,
06:07
the most expensive line in
any university balance sheet,
any university balance sheet,
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najskuplja stvar
na bilansu svakog fakulteta,
na bilansu svakog fakulteta,
06:11
come free to our students,
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za naše studente su besplatni,
06:12
over 3,000 of them,
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njih preko 3000,
06:15
including presidents, vice chancellors,
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uključujući predsednike,
zamenike kancelara,
zamenike kancelara,
06:18
professors and academic advisors
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profesore i akademske savetnike
06:21
from top universities such as NYU,
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sa vrhunskih univerziteta
poput Univerziteta u Njujorku,
poput Univerziteta u Njujorku,
06:25
Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,
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Jejlu, Berkliju i Oksfordu,
06:27
came on board to help our students.
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pridružili su se da pomognu
našim studentima.
našim studentima.
06:30
Finally, it's our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
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Konačno, tu je naše verovanje
u umreženo učenje.
u umreženo učenje.
06:34
We use this sound pedagogical model
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Koristimo ovaj logičan pedagoški model
06:37
to encourage our students from all over the world
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da ohrabrimo svoje učenike iz celog sveta
06:40
to interact and study together
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da komuniciraju i uče zajedno
06:42
and also to reduce the time
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i smanje vreme
06:45
our professors need to labor over class assignments.
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koje je našim profesorima potrebno
za zadatke.
za zadatke.
06:52
If the Internet has made us a global village,
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Ako je internet od nas
napravio globalno selo,
napravio globalno selo,
06:58
this model can develop its future leadership.
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ovaj model može da razvije
njegovo buduće vođstvo.
njegovo buduće vođstvo.
07:02
Look how we do it.
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Pogledajte kako mi to radimo.
07:04
We only offer two programs:
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Nudimo samo dva programa:
07:07
business administration and computer science,
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poslovna administracija i informatika,
07:09
the two programs
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dva programa
07:11
that are most in demand worldwide,
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koja se najviše traže u svetu,
07:13
the two programs that are likeliest
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dva programa uz koje će naši studenti
07:15
to help our students find a job.
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najverovatnije naći posao.
07:19
When our students are accepted,
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Kada su naši studenti primljeni,
07:22
they are placed in a small classroom
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smeštamo ih u malu učionicu
07:25
of 20 to 30 students to ensure
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sa 20 do 30 učenika kako bi se postarali
07:29
that those who need personalized attention get it.
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da oni kojima je potrebna
posebna pažnja nju i dobiju.
posebna pažnja nju i dobiju.
07:32
Moreover, for every nine weeks' course,
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Štaviše, za svaki kurs od devet nedelja,
07:36
they meet a new peer,
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upoznaju novog kolegu,
07:38
a whole new set of students
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čitavu grupu novih učenika
07:40
from all over the world.
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iz celog sveta.
07:42
Every week, when they go into the classroom,
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Svake nedelje, kada uđu u učionicu,
07:45
they find the lecture notes of the week,
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pronaći će beleške za tu nedelju,
07:48
the reading assignment, the homework assignment,
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zadatak za čitanje, domaći zadatak
07:50
and the discussion question,
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i pitanje za diskusiju,
07:51
which is the core of our studies.
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što je srž naših studija.
07:54
Every week, every student
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Svake nedelje, svaki student
07:55
must contribute to the class discussion
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mora da doprinese diskusiji u učionici
07:58
and also must comment
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i mora da ostavi komentar
08:00
on the contribution of others.
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na doprinos drugih.
08:03
This way, we open our students' minds,
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Na ovaj način otvaramo
umove naših studenata,
umove naših studenata,
08:06
we develop a positive shift in attitude
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razvijamo pozitivnu promenu stava
08:09
toward different cultures.
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ka različitim kulturama.
08:12
By the end of each week,
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Do kraja svake nedelje,
08:14
the students take a quiz,
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studenti polažu test,
08:15
hand in their homework,
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predaju svoj domaći,
08:17
which are assessed by their peers
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koji pregledaju nijhove kolege
08:18
under the supervision of the instructors,
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pod nadzorom instruktora,
08:22
get a grade, move to the next week.
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dobijaju ocenu i prelaze
na sledeću nedelju.
na sledeću nedelju.
08:24
By the end of the course, they take the final exam,
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Do kraja kursa, polažu finalni ispit,
08:27
get a grade, and follow to the next course.
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dobijaju ocenu i nastavljaju
s drugim kursem.
s drugim kursem.
08:32
We opened the gates for higher education
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Otvorili smo vrata visokog obrazovanja
08:35
for every qualified student.
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za svakog kvalifikovanog studenta.
08:38
Every student with a high school diploma,
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Svaki učenik sa diplomom srednje škole,
08:41
sufficient English and Internet connection
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zadovoljavajućim engleskim
i internet konekcijom
i internet konekcijom
08:44
can study with us.
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može da uči kod nas.
08:46
We don't use audio. We don't use video.
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Ne koristimo video ili zvučne zapise.
08:49
Broadband is not necessary.
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Nije potreban internet velike brzine.
08:51
Any student from any part of the world
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Svaki student iz bilo kog kraja sveta
08:54
with any Internet connection
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sa bilo kojom internet konekcijom
08:56
can study with us.
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može da uči kod nas.
08:58
We are tuition-free.
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Kod nas nema školarine.
09:00
All we ask our students to cover
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Od naših studenata samo tražimo
09:03
is the cost of their exams,
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da plate troškove svojih ispita,
09:04
100 dollars per exam.
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100 dolara po ispitu.
09:07
A full-time bachelor degree student
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Student osnovnih studija sa punim fondom
09:10
taking 40 courses,
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koji ide na 40 kurseva
09:12
will pay 1,000 dollars a year,
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platiće 1000 dolara godišnje,
09:14
4,000 dollars for the entire degree,
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4000 dolara za celu diplomu,
09:17
and for those who cannot afford even this,
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a za one koji ne mogu da priušte ni ovo,
09:21
we offer them a variety of scholarships.
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nudimo im niz stipendija.
09:23
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind
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Naša je misija
da niko ne ostane zapostavljen
da niko ne ostane zapostavljen
09:26
for financial reasons.
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iz finansijskih razloga.
09:29
With 5,000 students in 2016,
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Sa 5000 studenata u 2016,
09:32
this model is financially sustainable.
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ovaj model je finansijski održiv.
09:37
Five years ago, it was a vision.
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Pre pet godina, to je bila vizija.
09:41
Today, it is a reality.
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Danas, to je stvarnost.
09:44
Last month, we got the ultimate
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Prošlog meseca, dobili smo najbolju
09:47
academic endorsement to our model.
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akademsku potvrdu za svoj model.
09:50
University of the People is now fully accredited.
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Univerzitet ljudi je sada
potpuno akreditovan.
potpuno akreditovan.
09:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:55
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:01
With this accreditation,
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Sa ovom akreditacijom,
10:02
it's our time now to scale up.
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sada je naše vreme da krenemo naviše.
10:06
We have demonstrated that our model works.
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Prikazali smo da ovaj model funkcioniše.
10:09
I invite universities and, even more important,
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Pozivam univerzitete, i što je bitnije,
10:13
developing countries' governments,
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vlade zemalja u razvoju,
10:14
to replicate this model
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da ponove ovaj model,
10:16
to ensure that the gates of higher education
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da se postaraju
da se vrata visokog obrazovanja
da se vrata visokog obrazovanja
10:19
will open widely.
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široko otvore.
10:22
A new era is coming,
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Dolazi novo doba,
10:24
an era that will witness
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doba gde će se videti
10:26
the disruption of the higher education model
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remećenje modela visokog obrazovanja
10:29
as we know it today,
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kakav postoji danas,
10:31
from being a privilege for the few
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od privilegije nekolicine
10:35
to becoming a basic right,
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do osnovnog prava,
10:38
affordable and accessible for all.
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pristupačnog i dostupnog svima.
10:41
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:43
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shai Reshef - Education entrepreneurShai Reshef wants to democratize higher education.
Why you should listen
Reshef is the president of University of the People, an online school that offers tuition-free academic degrees in computer science, business administration and health studies (and MBA) to students across the globe. The university is partnered with Yale Law School for research and NYU and University of California Berkeley to accept top students. It's accredited in the U.S. and has admitted thousands of students from more than 180 countries. Wired magazine has included Reshef in its list of "50 People Changing the World" while Foreign Policy named him a "Top Global Thinker." Now Reshef wants to contribute to addressing the refugee crisis. "Education is a major factor in solving this global challenge," he says. UoPeople is taking at least 500 Syrian refugees as students with full scholarship. Before founding UoPeople, Reshef chaired KIT eLearning, the first online university in Europe.
Shai Reshef | Speaker | TED.com