TEDxAtlanta
Ellen Dunham-Jones: Retrofitting suburbia
Elen Danam-Džons: Rekonstrukcija predgrađa
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Elen Danam-Džons (Ellen Dunham-Jones) ispaljuje prvi hitac velikog održivog projekta u narednih 50 godina: rekonstrukcije predgrađa. Stižu: rehabilitovani umirući tržni centri, ponovo naseljene mrtve "kutijaste" prodavnice, parkinzi pretvoreni u plodne površine.
Ellen Dunham-Jones - Architect
Ellen Dunham-Jones takes an unblinking look at our underperforming suburbs -- and proposes plans for making them livable and sustainable. Full bio
Ellen Dunham-Jones takes an unblinking look at our underperforming suburbs -- and proposes plans for making them livable and sustainable. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In the last 50 years,
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Poslednjih 50 godina
00:18
we've been building the suburbs
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gradimo predgrađa
00:20
with a lot of unintended consequences.
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sa mnogo neželjenih posledica.
00:22
And I'm going to talk about some of those consequences
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Predstaviću vam neke od tih posledica
00:25
and just present a whole bunch of really interesting projects
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kao i gomilu interesantnih projekata
00:28
that I think give us tremendous reasons
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koji nam, po mom mišljenju, daju ogromne razloge
00:31
to be really optimistic
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da budemo stvarno optimistični
00:33
that the big design and development project of the next 50 years
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i da će veliki projekat razvoja u narednih 50 godina
00:36
is going to be retrofitting suburbia.
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biti rekonstrukcija predgrađa.
00:39
So whether it's redeveloping dying malls
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Dakle bilo da je to ponovo razvijanje mrtvih tržnih centara,
00:42
or re-inhabiting dead big-box stores
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ili ponovno naseljavanje ogromnih kutijastih prodavnica,
00:45
or reconstructing wetlands
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ili rekonstrukcija parkinga
00:47
out of parking lots,
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u močvare,
00:49
I think the fact is
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činjenica je
00:51
the growing number
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da nam rastući broj
00:53
of empty and under-performing,
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praznih i mesta koja ničemu ne služe,
00:55
especially retail, sites
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posebno prodajnih objekata
00:57
throughout suburbia
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širom predgrađa,
00:59
gives us actually a tremendous opportunity
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daje stvarno izvrsnu priliku
01:02
to take our least-sustainable
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da svoje trenutno najmanje
01:04
landscapes right now
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održive predele
01:06
and convert them into
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preoblikujemo u
01:08
more sustainable places.
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mesta koja su održivija.
01:10
And in the process, what that allows us to do
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I u tom procesu, to nam dozvoljava
01:13
is to redirect a lot more of our growth
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da peusmerimo veliki deo svog rasta
01:15
back into existing communities
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nazad ka postojećim zajednicama
01:17
that could use a boost,
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kojima bi godio podstrek,
01:19
and have the infrastructure in place,
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koje imaju infrastrukturu,
01:21
instead of continuing
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umesto da nastavljamo
01:23
to tear down trees
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da sečemo drveće
01:25
and to tear up the green space out at the edges.
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i uništavamo zelene površine na periferijama.
01:27
So why is this important?
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Dakle zašto je ovo važno?
01:30
I think there are any number of reasons,
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Mislim da postoji veliki broj razloga.
01:33
and I'm just going to not get into detail but mention a few.
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Neću ulaziti u detalje, ali pomenuću ih nekoliko.
01:36
Just from the perspective of climate change,
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Samo iz perspektive klimatskih promena,
01:39
the average urban dweller in the U.S.
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karbonski otisak prosečnog gradskog
01:41
has about one-third the carbon footprint
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stanovnika u SAD je za trećinu manji
01:44
of the average suburban dweller,
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od otiska prosečnog stanovnika predgrađa,
01:47
mostly because suburbanites drive a lot more,
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najviše zato što ljudi iz predgrađa mnogo više voze,
01:50
and living in detached buildings,
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i pošto žive u odvojenim kućama
01:53
you have that much more exterior surface
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postoji mnogo veća površina
01:55
to leak energy out of.
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iz koje se rasipa energija.
01:58
So strictly from
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Znači strogo iz
02:00
a climate change perspective,
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prespektive klimatskih promena,
02:03
the cities are already
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gradovi su već
02:05
relatively green.
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relativno ekološki.
02:07
The big opportunity
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Velika prilika da
02:09
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
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se smanje efekti staklene bašte
02:11
is actually in urbanizing
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je ustvari u urbanizovanju
02:13
the suburbs.
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predgrađa.
02:15
All that driving that we've been doing out in the suburbs,
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Svom tom silnom vožnjom u predgrađima
02:18
we have doubled the amount of miles we drive.
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udvostručili smo broj kilometara koji prelazimo.
02:21
It's increased our dependence
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To je povećalo našu zavisnost
02:23
on foreign oil
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od strane nafte
02:25
despite the gains in fuel efficiency.
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uprkos dobicima u efikasnosti goriva.
02:27
We're just driving so much more;
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Mnogo više vozimo
02:29
we haven't been able to keep up technologically.
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da nismo uspeli tehnološki da to ispratimo.
02:31
Public health is another reason
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Javno zdravlje je još jedan razlog
02:33
to consider retrofitting.
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za rekonstrukciju.
02:35
Researchers at the CDC and other places
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Istraživači u Centru za kontrolu bolesti i drugde
02:38
have increasingly been linking
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sve više povezuju
02:40
suburban development patterns
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razvoj predgrađa
02:42
with sedentary lifestyles.
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sa pasivnim načinima života.
02:44
And those have been linked then
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A oni se potom povezuju
02:46
with the rather alarming,
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sa prilično alarmantnim
02:48
growing rates of obesity,
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porastom gojaznosti,
02:50
shown in these maps here,
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što je pokazano na ovim mapama
02:53
and that obesity has also been triggering
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i ta gojaznost je uzrok
02:55
great increases in heart disease
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porasta srčanih oboljenja
02:57
and diabetes
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i dijabetesa,
02:59
to the point where a child born today
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do tačke gde, dete rođeno danas
03:01
has a one-in-three chance
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ima šansu 1 u 3 da
03:03
of developing diabetes.
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razvije dijabetes.
03:05
And that rate has been escalating at the same rate
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Ta verovatnoća raste istom brzinom
03:08
as children not walking
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kao i činjenica da deca
03:10
to school anymore,
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više ne idu peške u školu,
03:12
again, because of our development patterns.
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opet, zbog naših razvojnih šema.
03:14
And then there's finally -- there's the affordability question.
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I na kraju tu je pitanje isplativosti.
03:18
I mean, how affordable is it
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Mislim, koliko je isplativo
03:21
to continue to live in suburbia
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da nastavimo da živimo u predgrađu
03:24
with rising gas prices?
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kad cene goriva rastu?
03:26
Suburban expansion to cheap land,
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Širenje predgrađa na jevtinu zemlju,
03:29
for the last 50 years --
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poslednjih 50 godina -
03:31
you know the cheap land out on the edge --
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znate tu jevtinu zemlju na ivicama -
03:33
has helped generations of families
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pomoglo je generacijama porodica
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enjoy the American dream.
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da uživaju u američkom snu.
03:37
But increasingly,
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Ali sve više,
03:39
the savings promised
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ušteda koja je obećana
03:41
by drive-till-you-qualify affordability --
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sistemom da svako može da priušti kuću -
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which is basically our model --
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a to je u osnovi naš model -
03:45
those savings are wiped out
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ta ušteda nestaje,
03:47
when you consider the transportation costs.
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kada uzmete u obzir troškove prevoza.
03:50
For instance, here in Atlanta,
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Na primer, ovde u Atlanti
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about half of households
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oko polovina domaćinstava
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make between $20,000 and $50,000 a year,
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zarađuje između 20.000 i 50.000 godišnje.
03:57
and they are spending 29 percent of their income
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I oni troše 29 procenata svojih primanja
04:00
on housing
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na stanovanje
04:02
and 32 percent
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i 32 posto
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on transportation.
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na prevoz.
04:06
I mean, that's 2005 figures.
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Mislim, to su podaci iz 2005.
04:08
That's before we got up to the four bucks a gallon.
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To je pre nego što je gorivo poskupelo.
04:11
You know, none of us
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Znate, niko od nas
04:13
really tend to do the math on our transportation costs,
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stvarno ne računa troškove prevoza.
04:16
and they're not going down
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I oni se neće
04:18
any time soon.
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smanjiti u neko skorije vreme.
04:20
Whether you love suburbia's leafy privacy
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Bilo da volite zelenu privatnost predgrađa
04:23
or you hate its soulless commercial strips,
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ili mrzite bezdušne komercijalne bulevare,
04:25
there are reasons why it's important to retrofit.
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postoje razlozi zašto je bitno to rekonstruisati.
04:28
But is it practical?
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Ali da li je to praktično?
04:30
I think it is.
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Mislim da jeste.
04:32
June Williamson and I have been researching this topic
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Džun Vilijamson i ja istražujemo ovu temu
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for over a decade,
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preko deset godina.
04:36
and we've found over 80
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I pronašli smo preko 80
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varied projects.
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različitih projekata.
04:41
But that they're really all market driven,
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Svi su vođeni tržištem.
04:43
and what's driving the market in particular --
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Šta naročito pokreće tržište -
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number one -- is major demographic shifts.
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na prvom mestu su velike demografske promene.
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We all tend to think of suburbia
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Svi mislimo da je predgrađe
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as this very family-focused place,
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mesto koje je usredsređeno na porodicu.
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but that's really not the case anymore.
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Ali to više nije slučaj.
04:58
Since 2000,
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Od 2000. godine
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already two-thirds of households in suburbia
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već dve trećine domaćinstava u predgrađima
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did not have kids in them.
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nema dece.
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We just haven't caught up with the actual realities of this.
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Samo nismo u toku sa realnošću ovoga.
05:09
The reasons for this have a lot to with
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Razlog tome je velikim delom
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the dominance of the two big
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u trenutnoj dominaciji dve
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demographic groups right now:
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velike demografske grupe,
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the Baby Boomers retiring --
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"Baby boom" generacije koja se penzioniše,
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and then there's a gap,
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potom imamo prazninu,
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Generation X, which is a small generation.
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Generacija X, koja je mala generacija.
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They're still having kids --
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Oni još uvek imaju decu.
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but Generation Y hasn't even started
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Ali Generacija Y još nije stigla
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hitting child-rearing age.
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u godine za rađanje dece.
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They're the other big generation.
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Oni su druga velika generacija.
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So as a result of that,
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Kao rezultat toga,
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demographers predict
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demografi predviđaju
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that through 2025,
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da će do 2025. godine
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75 to 85 percent of new households
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75 do 85 posto domaćinstava
05:42
will not have kids in them.
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biti bez dece.
05:45
And the market research, consumer research,
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A marketinška istraživanja, istraživanja potrošača,
05:48
asking the Boomers and Gen Y
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ispitivanje Bum i Generacije Y
05:50
what it is they would like,
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šta bi želeli,
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what they would like to live in,
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u čemu bi voleli da žive,
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tells us there is going to be a huge demand --
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govori nam da će postojati velika potražnja -
05:57
and we're already seeing it --
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i već se nazire -
06:00
for more urban lifestyles
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za urbanijim načinima života
06:03
within suburbia.
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u okviru predgrađa.
06:06
That basically, the Boomers want to be able to age in place,
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Bum generacija želi da može da stari na jednom mestu,
06:09
and Gen Y would like to live
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i Generacija Y bi volela
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an urban lifestyle,
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da živi urbanim načinom života,
06:13
but most of their jobs will continue to be out in suburbia.
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ali većina njihovih poslova će i dalje biti u predgrađu.
06:16
The other big dynamic of change
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Druga velika dinamika promene
06:19
is the sheer performance of
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jeste čista izvedba
06:21
underperforming asphalt.
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nezadovoljavajućeg asfalta.
06:23
Now I keep thinking this would be a great name
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Stalno mislim kako bi ovo bilo odlično ime
06:25
for an indie rock band,
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za neki indi rok bend.
06:27
but developers generally use it
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Ali izvođači ga uglavnom koriste
06:30
to refer to underused parking lots --
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kada misle na premalo korišćene parkinge.
06:33
and suburbia is full of them.
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A predgrađe ih je puno.
06:36
When the postwar suburbs were first built
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Kada su prva posleratna predgrađa izgrađena
06:39
out on the cheap land
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na jevtinoj zemlji,
06:41
away from downtown,
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daleko od centra grada,
06:43
it made sense to just build
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imalo je smisla graditi
06:45
surface parking lots.
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parkinge u jednom nivou.
06:47
But those sites have now been leapfrogged
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Ali ta mesta rastu skokovito
06:49
and leapfrogged again,
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i sve više
06:51
as we've just continued to sprawl,
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i samo nastavljamo da se širimo.
06:53
and they now have
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Oni sada imaju
06:56
a relatively central location.
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relativno centralnu poziciju.
06:58
It no longer just makes sense.
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To više nema smisla.
07:01
That land is more valuable than just surface parking lots.
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Zemlja je vrednija od parkinga u jednom nivou.
07:04
It now makes sense to go back in,
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Sada ima smisla vratiti se
07:06
build a deck and build up
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i graditi platformu i graditi
07:09
on those sites.
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u visinu.
07:11
So what do you do
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Dakle, šta činiti
07:13
with a dead mall,
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sa mrtvim tržnim centrom,
07:15
dead office park?
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mrtvim poslovnim zgradama?
07:17
It turns out, all sorts of things.
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Mnogo stvari, ispostavilo se.
07:20
In a slow economy like ours,
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U sporoj ekonomiji kakva je naša,
07:22
re-inhabitation is
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ponovno naseljavanje
07:24
one of the more popular strategies.
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je jedna od popularnijih strategija.
07:26
So this happens to be
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Ovo je jedan
07:28
a dead mall in St. Louis
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mrtav tržni centar u Sent Luisu
07:30
that's been re-inhabited as art-space.
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koji je preuređen u umetnički prostor.
07:33
It's now home to artist studios,
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Tu su sada umetnički ateljei,
07:35
theater groups, dance troupes.
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pozorišne trupe, plesne trupe.
07:37
It's not pulling in as much tax revenue
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Ne plaća toliko poreza
07:39
as it once was,
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kao nekada.
07:41
but it's serving its community.
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Ali koristi svojoj zajednici.
07:43
It's keeping the lights on.
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Drži upaljena svetla.
07:45
It's becoming, I think, a really great institution.
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Mislim da postaje stvarno odlična institucija.
07:48
Other malls have been re-inhabited
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Drugi tržni centri su pretvoreni
07:50
as nursing homes,
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u staračke domove,
07:52
as universities,
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univerzitete
07:54
and as all variety of office space.
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i u svakakve poslovne prostore.
07:56
We also found a lot of examples
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Takođe smo pronašli puno primera
07:58
of dead big-box stores
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gde su velike "kutijaste" prodavnice
08:00
that have been converted into
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pretvorene u svakave
08:02
all sorts of community-serving uses as well --
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prostore koji koriste društvu -
08:05
lots of schools, lots of churches
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mnogo škola, crkava
08:08
and lots of libraries like this one.
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i mnogo biblioteka kao što je ova.
08:10
This was a little grocery store, a Food Lion grocery store,
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Ovo je bila mala prodavnica, "Food Lion",
08:13
that is now a public library.
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a sada je javna biblioteka.
08:17
In addition to, I think, doing a beautiful adaptive reuse,
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Pored toga što, po mom mišljenju, ima novu funkciju,
08:20
they tore up some of the parking spaces,
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porušili su neke parkinge
08:22
put in bioswales to collect and clean the runoff,
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i postavili filtere da sakupljaju i čiste otpad,
08:25
put in a lot more sidewalks
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postavljeno je više trotoara
08:28
to connect to the neighborhoods.
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da se poveže sa komšilukom.
08:30
And they've made this,
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Od prodavnice
08:32
what was just a store along a commercial strip,
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na komercijalnom bulevaru napravili su
08:35
into a community gathering space.
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prostor u kome se zajednica okuplja.
08:38
This one is a little L-shaped strip shopping center
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Ovo je mali tržni centar L-oblika na bulevaru
08:41
in Phoenix, Arizona.
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u Feniksu, Arizona.
08:43
Really all they did was they gave it a fresh coat of bright paint,
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Sve što su uradili je dodavanje svežeg sloja svetle boje,
08:46
a gourmet grocery,
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gurmansku prodavnicu,
08:48
and they put up a restaurant in the old post office.
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i stavili su restoran gde je pre bila pošta.
08:51
Never underestimate the power of food
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Nikada ne podcenjujte moć koju hrana
08:54
to turn a place around
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ima da preoblikuje neko mesto
08:56
and make it a destination.
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i napravi od njega destinaciju.
08:58
It's been so successful, they've now taken over the strip across the street.
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Postalo je toliko uspešno, da su uzeli i ulicu prekoputa.
09:01
The real estate ads in the neighborhood
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A oglasi za nekretnine u kraju
09:04
all very proudly proclaim,
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svi veoma ponosno objavljuju,
09:06
"Walking distance to Le Grande Orange,"
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"Stiže se peške do Le Grande Orange",
09:09
because it provided its neighborhood
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jer to obezbeđuje
09:12
with what sociologists like to call
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ono što sociolozi nazivaju
09:14
"a third place."
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"trećim mestom".
09:16
If home is the first place
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Ako je dom prvo mesto
09:18
and work is the second place,
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a posao drugo mesto,
09:20
the third place is where you go to hang out
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treće mesto je ono gde provodite vreme
09:22
and build community.
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i gradite zajednicu.
09:24
And especially as suburbia is becoming
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I naročito pošto predgrađe postaje
09:26
less centered on the family,
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manje usmereno na porodicu
09:28
the family households,
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i porodična domaćinstva,
09:30
there's a real hunger
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postoji velika glad
09:32
for more third places.
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za više trećih mesta.
09:35
So the most dramatic retrofits
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Najdramatičnije rekonstrukcije
09:38
are really those in the next category,
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su ustvari one u sledećoj kategoriji,
09:40
the next strategy: redevelopment.
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sledeća strategija, obnova.
09:42
Now, during the boom, there were several
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Sad, tokom buma, bilo je nekoliko
09:44
really dramatic redevelopment projects
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prilično značajnih projekata obnove,
09:46
where the original building
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gde je prvobitna zgrada
09:48
was scraped to the ground and then the whole site was rebuilt
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srušena do temelja i celo mesto je ponovo izgrađeno
09:51
at significantly greater density,
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ali gušće, kao kompaktno
09:53
a sort of compact, walkable urban neighborhoods.
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urbano naselje u kom se može šetati.
09:56
But some of them have been much more incremental.
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Ali neke su bile i postepenije.
09:58
This is Mashpee Commons,
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Ovo je "Mashpee Commons",
10:00
the oldest retrofit that we've found.
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najstarija renovacija koju smo pronašli.
10:02
And it's just incrementally, over the last 20 years,
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Samo je postepeno, tokom proteklih 20 godina,
10:05
built urbanism
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urbanizovana
10:07
on top of its parking lots.
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preko starih parkinga.
10:09
So the black and white photo shows
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Crno bela fotografija pokazuje
10:11
the simple 60's strip shopping center.
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jednostavni tržni centar iz '60.
10:13
And then the maps above that
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A mape iznad pokazuju
10:15
show its gradual transformation
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postepenu transformaciju
10:17
into a compact,
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u kompaktno,
10:19
mixed-use New England village,
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raznovrsno selo u stilu Nove Engleske
10:22
and it has plans now that have been approved
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i sada postoje planovi koji su odobreni
10:25
for it to connect
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da se poveže
10:28
to new residential neighborhoods
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sa novim stambenim naseljima
10:30
across the arterials
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glavnim putevima
10:32
and over to the other side.
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i preko na drugu stranu.
10:34
So, you know, sometimes it's incremental.
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Tako da, nekad je postepeno.
10:36
Sometimes, it's all at once.
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Nekada je sve odjednom.
10:39
This is another infill project on the parking lots,
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Ovo je još jedan projekat popunjavanja parkinga,
10:42
this one of an office park outside of Washington D.C.
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ovo je kancelarijska zgrada izvan Vašingtona D.C.
10:45
When Metrorail expanded transit into the suburbs
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Kada je "Metrorail" proširio prevoz do predgrađa
10:48
and opened a station nearby to this site,
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i otvorio stanicu u blizini ovog mesta,
10:51
the owners decided
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vlasnici su odlučili
10:53
to build a new parking deck
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da izgrade novu parking platformu
10:56
and then insert on top of their surface lots
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i onda da na vrhu garaže
10:59
a new Main Street, several apartments
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naprave novu Glavnu ulicu, nekoliko
11:02
and condo buildings,
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stambenih zgrada,
11:04
while keeping the existing office buildings.
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a da sačuvaju postojeće kancelarijske zgrade.
11:06
Here is the site in 1940:
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Ovo je to mesto 1940.
11:09
It was just a little farm
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Tada je to bilo samo mala
11:11
in the village of Hyattsville.
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farma u mestu Hajatsvil.
11:13
By 1980, it had been subdivided
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Do 1980. je podeljeno
11:15
into a big mall on one side
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na veliki tržni centar s jedne strane
11:17
and the office park on the other
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i kancelarijski kompleks s druge.
11:19
and then some buffer sites for a library
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I neka udaljena mesta za biblioteku
11:21
and a church to the far right.
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i crkvu u daljini desno.
11:23
Today, the transit,
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Danas, izgrađeni su
11:25
the Main Street and the new housing
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tranzitni saobraćaj, Glavna ulica
11:27
have all been built.
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i novi stanovi.
11:29
Eventually, I expect that the streets
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Očekujem da će do kraja ulice
11:31
will probably extend through a redevelopment of the mall.
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da se protežu kroz preuređeni tržni centar.
11:34
Plans have already been announced
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Već su objavljeni planovi
11:36
for a lot of those garden apartments
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za izgradnju mnogo baštenskih
11:38
above the mall to be redeveloped.
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stanova iznad tržnog centra.
11:41
Transit is a big driver of retrofits.
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Tranzit je veliki pokretač rekonstrukcija.
11:44
So here's what it looks like.
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Evo kako to izgleda.
11:46
You can sort of see the funky new condo buildings
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Možete videti moderne nove stambene zgrade
11:48
in between the office buildings
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između poslovnih zgrada
11:50
and the public space and the new Main Street.
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i javni prostor i novu Glavnu ulicu.
11:53
This one is one of my favorites, Belmar.
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Ovo je Belmar, jedan od mojih omiljenih.
11:55
I think they really built an attractive place here
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Mislim da su stvarno napravili atraktivno mesto
11:58
and have just employed all-green construction.
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i primenili su samo ekološku gradnju.
12:01
There's massive P.V. arrays on the roofs
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Tu su ogromni sunčani kolektori na krovovima
12:04
as well as wind turbines.
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kao i vetrenjače.
12:06
This was a very large mall
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Ovo je bio veoma velik tržni centar
12:08
on a hundred-acre superblock.
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na bloku od 400 hektara.
12:10
It's now 22
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Sada tu ima 22
12:12
walkable urban blocks
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urbana pešačka bloka
12:14
with public streets,
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sa javnim ulicama,
12:16
two public parks, eight bus lines
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dva javna parka, osam autobuskih linija
12:18
and a range of housing types,
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i raznim tipovima stanovanja.
12:20
and so it's really given Lakewood, Colorado
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To je dalo Lejkvudu, Kolorado
12:23
the downtown
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centar
12:25
that this particular suburb never had.
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kakav ovo predgrađe nikada nije imalo.
12:28
Here was the mall in its heyday.
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Evo ga centar na svom vrhuncu.
12:30
They had their prom in the mall. They loved their mall.
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Održano je matursko veče u njemu. Voleli su svoj tržni centar.
12:33
So here's the site in 1975
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Evo ga to mesto 1975.
12:36
with the mall.
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sa tržnim centrom.
12:38
By 1995, the mall has died.
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Do 1995. centar je umro.
12:40
The department store has been kept --
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Robna kuća je zadržana.
12:42
and we found this was true in many cases.
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Ovo se potvrdilo u mnogim slučajevima.
12:44
The department stores are multistory; they're better built.
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Robne kuće su višespratne; bolje su sagrađene.
12:46
They're easy to be re-adapted.
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Lako ih je preurediti.
12:48
But the one story stuff ...
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Ali ove stvari s jednim nivoom...
12:50
that's really history.
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to je stvarno prošlost.
12:53
So here it is at projected build-out.
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Evo ga u projektu za budućnost.
12:56
This project, I think, has great connectivity
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Mislim da ovaj projekat ima odličnu povezanost
12:58
to the existing neighborhoods.
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sa postojećim susedstvima.
13:00
It's providing 1,500 households with the option
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Obezbeđuje opciju urbanijeg života
13:02
of a more urban lifestyle.
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za 1500 domaćinstava.
13:04
It's about two-thirds built out right now.
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Već je izgrađeno oko dve trećine.
13:07
Here's what the new Main Street looks like.
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Evo kako izgleda nova Glavna ulica.
13:09
It's very successful,
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Veoma je uspešna.
13:11
and it's helped to prompt --
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I pomoglo je da se ubrza -
13:13
eight of the 13
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osam od 13
13:15
regional malls in Denver
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regionalnih tržnih centara u Denveru
13:17
have now, or have announced plans to
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planiraju ili su objavili planove
13:19
be, retrofitted.
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za rekonstrukciju.
13:21
But it's important to note that all of this retrofitting
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Ali važno je znati da se sve ovo
13:24
is not occurring --
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ne dešava -
13:26
just bulldozers are coming and just plowing down the whole city.
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buldožeri dolaze i ruše ceo grad.
13:29
No, it's pockets of walkability
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Ne, prave se pešačke zone
13:32
on the sites of
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na mestima
13:34
under-performing properties.
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nezadovoljavajućih poseda.
13:36
And so it's giving people more choices,
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I tako daje ljudima više izbora.
13:39
but it's not taking away choices.
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Ali ne oduzima izbore.
13:42
But it's also not really enough
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Ali takođe nije dovoljno samo
13:44
to just create pockets of walkability.
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napraviti prolazna mesta.
13:47
You want to also try to get more systemic transformation.
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Želite i da napravite sistematičniju transformaciju.
13:50
We need to also retrofit the corridors themselves.
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Moramo da rekonstruišemo i same prolaze.
13:53
So this is one that has been
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Evo jednog u Kaliforniji
13:55
retrofitted in California.
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koji je rekonstruisan.
13:57
They took the commercial strip
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Uzeli su komercijalnu ulicu
13:59
shown on the black-and-white images below,
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prikazanu na crno belim slikama ispod,
14:01
and they built a boulevard
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i izgradili bulevar
14:03
that has become the Main Street for their town.
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koji je postao Glavna ulica njihovog grada.
14:06
And it's transformed from being
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I transformisao se iz
14:08
an ugly, unsafe,
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ružnog, nebezbednog,
14:10
undesirable address,
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nepoželjnog mesta
14:12
to becoming a beautiful,
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u lepo,
14:15
attractive, dignified sort of good address.
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privlačno, dostojanstveno mesto.
14:18
I mean now we're hoping we start to see it;
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Mislim, nadam se da ćemo početi da vidimo -
14:20
they've already built City Hall, attracted two hotels.
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Već su izgradili gradsku kuću, privukli dva hotela.
14:23
I could imagine beautiful housing going up along there
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Mogla bih da zamislim lepe kuće uz ulicu
14:26
without tearing down another tree.
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bez rušenja ijednog drveta.
14:29
So there's a lot of great things,
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Dakle ima mnogo odličnih stvari.
14:31
but I'd love to see more corridors getting retrofitting.
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Ali volela bih da vidim da se više prolaza rekonstruiše.
14:34
But densification
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Ali zgušnjavanje
14:36
is not going to work everywhere.
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neće svuda pomoći.
14:38
Sometimes re-greening
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Ponekad je ponovo ozelenjavanje
14:40
is really the better answer.
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stvarno bolji odgovor.
14:43
There's a lot to learn from successful
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Može mnogo da se nauči iz uspešnog
14:45
landbanking programs
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prostornog programa
14:47
in cities like Flint, Michigan.
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u gradovima kao što je Flint u Mičigenu.
14:49
There's also a burgeoning suburban farming movement --
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Postoji i program razvoja farmi u predgrađu -
14:51
sort of victory gardens meets the Internet.
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nešto kao ratne bašte upoznaju internet.
14:54
But perhaps one of the most important re-greening aspects
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Ali možda je jedan od najvažnijih aspekata ozelenjavanja
14:57
is the opportunity to restore
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prilika da se povrati
14:59
the local ecology,
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lokalna ekologija,
15:01
as in this example outside of Minneapolis.
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kao u ovom primeru izvan Mineapolisa.
15:03
When the shopping center died,
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Kada je tržni centar umro,
15:05
the city restored the site's
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grad je povratio močvare
15:07
original wetlands,
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koje su prvobitno bile tu,
15:09
creating lakefront property,
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stvarajući obalu
15:11
which then attracted private investment,
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koja je onda privukla privatne investitore,
15:14
the first private investment to this very low-income neighborhood
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prve privatne investitore za preko 40 godina
15:17
in over 40 years.
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koji su došli u ovaj veoma siromašan kraj.
15:19
So they've managed to both restore the local ecology
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Dakle oni su uspeli da u isto vreme povrate
15:22
and the local economy at the same time.
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lokalnu ekologiju i lokalnu ekonomiju.
15:25
This is another re-greening example.
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Ovo je još jedan primer ozelenjavanja.
15:27
It also makes sense in very strong markets.
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To takođe ima smisla na jakim tržištima.
15:29
This one in Seattle
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Ovaj u Sijetlu
15:31
is on the site of a mall parking lot
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je na mestu parkinga tržnog centra
15:33
adjacent to a new transit stop.
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koji je pored nove tranzitne stanice.
15:35
And the wavy line
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A krivudava linija je
15:37
is a path alongside a creek that has now been daylit.
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staza uz potok koji je sada na dnevnom svetlu.
15:40
The creek had been culverted under the parking lot.
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Potok je bio pretvoren u kanal ispod parkinga.
15:43
But daylighting our creeks
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Ali osvetljavanje potoka
15:45
really improves their water quality
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u mnogome poboljšava kvalitet vode
15:47
and contributions to habitat.
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i doprinos životnoj sredini.
15:49
So I've shown you some of
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Dakle pokazala sam vam neke
15:51
the first generation of retrofits.
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od prvih generacija rekonstrukcija.
15:53
What's next?
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Šta je sledeće?
15:55
I think we have three challenges for the future.
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Mislim da u budućnosti imamo tri izazova.
15:58
The first is to plan retrofitting
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Prvi je da planiramo rekonstrukcije
16:01
much more systemically
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sistematičnije
16:03
at the metropolitan scale.
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na većem nivou.
16:05
We need to be able to target
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Moramo da procenimo
16:07
which areas really should be re-greened.
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kojim površinama je neophodno ozelenjavanje.
16:09
Where should we be redeveloping?
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Gde bi trebalo da renoviramo?
16:11
And where should we be encouraging re-inhabitation?
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I gde bi trebalo da podstičemo ponovno naseljavanje?
16:14
These slides just show two images
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Ovi slajdovi pokazuju dve slike
16:16
from a larger project
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iz jednog većeg projekta
16:18
that looked at trying to do that for Atlanta.
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koji je imao za cilj da to uradi u Atlanti.
16:20
I led a team that was asked to imagine
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Vodila sam tim od kog je traženo
16:22
Atlanta 100 years from now.
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da zamisli Atlantu za 100 godina.
16:25
And we chose to try to reverse sprawl
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Pokušali smo da preokrenemo širenje
16:28
through three simple moves -- expensive, but simple.
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kroz tri jednostavna koraka - skupa, ali jednostavna.
16:31
One, in a hundred years,
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Prvi, za sto godina
16:33
transit on all major
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tranzit ide svim velikim
16:35
rail and road corridors.
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železničkim i drumskim putevima.
16:37
Two, in a hundred years,
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Drugi, za sto godina
16:39
thousand foot buffers
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hiljadu zaštitnih ograda
16:41
on all stream corridors.
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na svim potocima.
16:43
It's a little extreme, but we've got a little water problem.
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To je malo ekstremno, ali imamo mali problem sa vodom.
16:46
In a hundred years,
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Za sto godina,
16:48
subdivisions that simply end up too close to water
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neće biti moguće imati posed koji je previše blizu
16:50
or too far from transit won't be viable.
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vode ili previše udaljen od puta.
16:53
And so we've created the eco-acre
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Napravili smo ekološki transfer zemlje,
16:56
transfer-to-transfer development rights
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za prenošenje prava na izgradnju
16:58
to the transit corridors
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na tranzitne puteve
17:00
and allow the re-greening
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i dozvoljavanje ozelenjavanja
17:02
of those former subdivisions
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tih starih poseda
17:04
for food and energy production.
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za proizvodnju hrane i energije.
17:08
So the second challenge
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Dakle drugi izazov je
17:11
is to improve the architectural design quality
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poboljšati kvalitet arhitektonskih projekata
17:14
of the retrofits.
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ovih rekonstrukcija.
17:16
And I close with this image
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Završavam sa ovom slikom
17:18
of democracy in action:
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demokratije na delu.
17:21
This is a protest that's happening
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Ovo je protest
17:23
on a retrofit in Silver Spring, Maryland
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na jednoj rekonstrukciji u Silver Springu, Merilend
17:26
on an Astroturf town green.
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na veštačkoj travi u gradu.
17:30
Now, retrofits are often accused
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Često se kaže da su rekonstrukcije
17:32
of being examples of faux downtowns
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primeri lažnih centara
17:35
and instant urbanism,
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i instant urbanizma.
17:38
and not without reason; you don't get much more phony
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I ne bez razloga; ne može biti lažnije
17:40
than an Astroturf town green.
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od veštačke trave.
17:43
I have to say, these are very hybrid places.
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Moram priznati da su ovo veoma hibridna mesta.
17:46
They are new but trying to look old.
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Nova su, ali pokušavaju da izgledaju staro.
17:49
They have urban streetscapes,
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Ulice izgledaju urbano,
17:51
but suburban parking ratios.
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ali su nivoi parkiranja prigradski.
17:53
Their populations are
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Stanovništvo je raznovrsnije
17:55
more diverse than typical suburbia,
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nego u tipičnom predgrađu,
17:58
but they're less diverse than cities.
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ali manje raznovrsno nego u gradovima.
18:00
And they are
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To su
18:02
public places,
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javna mesta,
18:04
but that are managed by private companies.
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ali ih vode privatne firme.
18:07
And just the surface appearance
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A samo od površinskog izgleda
18:10
are often -- like the Astroturf here --
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- kao što je veštačka trava ovde -
18:13
they make me wince.
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se stresem.
18:16
So, you know, I mean I'm glad that
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Mislim, znate drago mi je da
18:18
the urbanism is doing its job.
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urbanizam radi svoj posao.
18:20
The fact that a protest is happening
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Činjenica da postoji protest
18:23
really does mean
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stvarno znači
18:25
that the layout of the blocks, the streets and blocks, the putting in of public space,
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da je raspored blokova, ulica i blokova, postavljanje javnog prostora,
18:28
compromised as it may be,
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pod kakvim god kompromisom,
18:30
is still a really great thing.
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ipak stvarno dobra stvar.
18:32
But we've got to get the architecture better.
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Ali moramo poboljšati arhitekturu.
18:34
The final challenge is for all of you.
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Poslednji izazov je za sve vas.
18:37
I want you to join the protest
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Želim da se pridružite protestu
18:39
and start demanding
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i da počnete da zahtevate
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more sustainable suburban places --
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održivija mesta u predgrađima -
18:43
more sustainable places, period.
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održivija mesta, tačka.
18:46
But culturally,
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Ali kao kultura,
18:48
we tend to think that downtowns
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mi mislimo da bi centri
18:50
should be dynamic, and we expect that.
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trebalo da budu dinamični i to i očekujemo.
18:52
But we seem to have an expectation
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Ali izgleda da očekujemo i
18:54
that the suburbs should forever remain frozen
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da predgrađa zauvek ostanu zamrznuta
18:56
in whatever adolescent form
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u kakvom god adolescentnom obliku
18:58
they were first given birth to.
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su se prvobitno i rodila.
19:00
It's time to let them grow up,
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Vreme je da ih pustimo da odrastu.
19:03
so I want you
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Želim da svi
19:05
to all support the zoning changes,
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podržite promene zona,
19:07
the road diets, the infrastructure improvements
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smanjivanje saobraćaja, poboljšanja infrastruktura
19:10
and the retrofits that are coming soon to a neighborhood near you.
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i rekonstrukcije koje uskoro stižu u vaše komšiluke.
19:13
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Dunham-Jones - ArchitectEllen Dunham-Jones takes an unblinking look at our underperforming suburbs -- and proposes plans for making them livable and sustainable.
Why you should listen
Ellen Dunham-Jones teaches architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology, is an award-winning architect and a board member of the Congress for the New Urbanism. She shows how design of where we live impacts some of the most pressing issues of our times -- reducing our ecological footprint and energy consumption while improving our health and communities and providing living options for all ages.
Dunham-Jones is widely recognized as a leader in finding solutions for aging suburbs. She is the co-author of Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs. She and co-author June Williamson share more than 50 case studies across North America of "underperforming asphalt properties" that have been redesigned and redeveloped into walkable, sustainable vital centers of community—libraries, city halls, town centers, schools and more.
Ellen Dunham-Jones | Speaker | TED.com