TEDxBoulder 2011
Leslie Dodson: Don't misrepresent Africa
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
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Real narratives are complicated: Africa isn’t a country, and it's not a disaster zone, says reporter and researcher Leslie Dodson. In her talk, she calls for journalists, researchers and NGOs to stop representing entire continents as one big tragedy.
(Filmed at TEDxBoulder.)
Leslie Dodson - Reporter
Leslie Dodson’s work has taken her from Latin America to Indonesia covering international finance, economics, and politics. Full bio
Leslie Dodson’s work has taken her from Latin America to Indonesia covering international finance, economics, and politics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:08
I just want to start with a little bit
of a word of warning, and that is:
of a word of warning, and that is:
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我想在开始前提醒大家，
00:11
my job here tonight is to be
a little bit of a "doctor bring-me-down."
a little bit of a "doctor bring-me-down."
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我今晚在这要讲的，
很有可能让你们有些消极。
很有可能让你们有些消极。
00:15
So bear with me for a few minutes,
and know that after this,
and know that after this,
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所以，请在开始的前几分钟
耐心包容，
耐心包容，
过了之后，内容会变的明朗起来。
00:20
things will get lighter and brighter.
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那我们开始吧。
00:22
So let's start.
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我知道你们其中很多人
都听过一句旅行者的格言：
都听过一句旅行者的格言：
00:23
I know that many of you have heard
the traveler's adage,
the traveler's adage,
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“除了照片，什么的都不要拿；
除了脚印，什么都不要留。”
除了脚印，什么都不要留。”
00:26
"Take nothing but pictures,
leave nothing but footprints."
leave nothing but footprints."
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嗯，我想说，
00:30
Well, I'm going to say
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我不觉得这听起来会跟做起来一样
简单、善良，
简单、善良，
00:31
I don't think that's either as benign
nor as simple as it sounds,
nor as simple as it sounds,
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特别是对于我们这种媒体人，
我们所在的产业
我们所在的产业
00:35
particularly for those of us in industries
who are portraying people
who are portraying people
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正展示着贫穷的国家的人们
00:39
in poor countries,
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报道发展中国家，
00:40
in developing countries
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描绘着贫穷。
00:42
and portraying the poor.
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在这些行业中的有记者，科研者，
00:43
And those of us in those industries
are reporters, researchers
are reporters, researchers
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还有那些为非政府组织工作的人。
00:46
and people working for NGOs;
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我知道观众席中坐着的
有很多像这样的人，
有很多像这样的人，
00:48
I suspect there are a lot of us
in those industries in the audience.
in those industries in the audience.
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我们跨过海洋，
带回来一些这样的照片：
带回来一些这样的照片：
00:51
We're going overseas
and bringing back pictures like this:
and bringing back pictures like this:
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极其无助的，
00:55
of the utterly distressed
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受难的，
00:57
or the displaced
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挨饿的，
00:58
or the hungry
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或是童工，
01:00
or the child laborers
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或是具有异国风情的照片。
01:02
or the exotic.
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现在，苏珊·桑塔格提醒了我们：
01:04
Now, Susan Sontag reminds us
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照片在一方面帮助我们定义了
我们去观察事物的权利，
我们去观察事物的权利，
01:06
that photographs, in part, help define
what we have the right to observe,
what we have the right to observe,
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但更重要的是，
01:11
but more importantly,
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它代表着观察的道德。
01:12
they are an ethics of seeing.
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01:14
And I think right now is a good time
to review our ethics of seeing,
to review our ethics of seeing,
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我觉得现在就是一个好的时机，
去审视我们观察事物时的道德，
去审视我们观察事物时的道德，
因为这个行业的记者，科研，
和非政府组织的工作
和非政府组织的工作
01:18
as our industries of reporting
and research and NGO work
and research and NGO work
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都在消失和变化，
01:22
are collapsing and changing,
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一方面是因为经济上的原因，
01:24
in part, by what's being driven by
what's happening in the economy.
what's happening in the economy.
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同时也让我们建立了新的关系。
01:27
But it's making us forge
new relationships.
new relationships.
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这些新的关系存在着一些
模糊的界限。
模糊的界限。
01:31
And those new relationships
have some fuzzy boundaries.
have some fuzzy boundaries.
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我曾在这些模糊界限的边缘工作过，
01:34
I worked at the edge
of some of these fuzzy boundaries,
of some of these fuzzy boundaries,
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然后我想分享我从中观察到的事情。
01:37
and I want to share with you
some of my observations.
some of my observations.
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我的观察道德观是由在记者行业
工作了25年所建立的，
工作了25年所建立的，
01:40
My ethics of seeing is informed
by 25 years as a reporter
by 25 years as a reporter
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我报道新兴经济以及国际关系。
01:45
covering emerging economies
and international relations.
and international relations.
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我支持自由和独立的言论，
01:48
And I believe in a free
and independent press.
and independent press.
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我相信新闻业应是公共物品。
01:51
I believe that journalism
is a public good.
is a public good.
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但这份工作越来越难做了。
01:54
But it's getting harder to do that job,
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新闻业的大量裁员
01:57
in part, because of the massive layoffs,
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很大一部分原因是因为给国际报道的
资金匮乏。
资金匮乏。
01:59
because the budgets for international
reporting aren't there anymore,
reporting aren't there anymore,
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新进的科技和平台都在寻求着
新的内容，
新的内容，
02:03
new technologies and new platforms
begging new content,
begging new content,
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很多新闻发展出了新的领域。
02:06
and there are a lot of new journalisms.
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比如说维权的新闻，人道主义的新闻，
宣扬和平的新闻。
宣扬和平的新闻。
02:09
There's activist journalism,
humanitarian journalism, peace journalism,
humanitarian journalism, peace journalism,
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这些新闻无不一的都在试图报道
这个时代最重要的故事。
这个时代最重要的故事。
02:13
and we are all looking to cover
the important stories of our time.
the important stories of our time.
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所以我们会去非政府组织的机构，
问我们能否参与他们的项目。
问我们能否参与他们的项目。
02:17
So we're going to NGOs and asking them
if we can embed in their projects.
if we can embed in their projects.
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02:24
This is in part because they're doing
important work in interesting places.
important work in interesting places.
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部分原因是这些组织都在有趣的地方
做着重要的事情。
做着重要的事情。
举个例子吧，
02:29
That's one example here:
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我曾经在埃塞俄比亚的
青尼罗河做过一个项目。
青尼罗河做过一个项目。
02:30
this is a project I worked on
in the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.
in the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.
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非政府组织都明白让记者在队里
02:34
NGOs understand the benefits
of having reporters tag along
of having reporters tag along
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随行的好处。
02:38
on their team.
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非政府组织需要曝光度，
他们的工作是高压的，
他们的工作是高压的，
02:40
They need the publicity,
they are under tremendous pressure,
they are under tremendous pressure,
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他们在一个拥挤的市场里
竞争着人们的同情心。
竞争着人们的同情心。
02:43
they're competing in a very crowded
market for compassion.
market for compassion.
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02:48
So they're also looking to reporters
and to hire freelance reporters
and to hire freelance reporters
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所以他们会寻找记者，
或是招聘一些自由职业的记者
或是招聘一些自由职业的记者
来帮助建立他们公众关系的资源
02:51
to help them develop
their public relations material
their public relations material
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和媒体的材料。
02:54
and their media material.
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如今，科研者也变的越来越有压力，
02:56
Now, researchers are also under pressure.
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在压力下，他们被迫在跟外人
交流着他们的学识。
交流着他们的学识。
02:58
They're under pressure to communicate
their science outside of the academy.
their science outside of the academy.
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科研者们跟记者一起合作，
因为对很多科研者来说，
因为对很多科研者来说，
03:04
So they're collaborating with reporters,
because for many researchers,
because for many researchers,
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写一个简短或是清楚的故事
是很难的。
是很难的。
03:07
it's difficult for them
to write a simple story or a clear story.
to write a simple story or a clear story.
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记者也可从中获益：
03:12
And the benefit for reporters
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报道着相关领域研究是一份
很棒的工作。
很棒的工作。
03:14
is that covering field research
is some of the best work out there.
is some of the best work out there.
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他们不仅能够报道科学，
03:19
You not only get to cover science,
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还能见到一些有趣的科学家。
03:21
but you get to meet
interesting scientists,
interesting scientists,
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就像我的博士指导教授Revi Sterling，
03:23
like my PhD advisor Revi Sterling,
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她是顶级的科研者。
03:26
she, of the magic research
high tops there.
high tops there.
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有次跟Revi的讨论，
03:30
And it was a discussion with Revi
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让我到了解到了科研者和记者之间的
03:32
that brought us to the edge
of the researcher and reporter,
of the researcher and reporter,
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模糊界限。
03:36
that fuzzy boundary.
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然后我对她说：
03:37
And I said to her,
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“我很期待去一些发展中国家
03:39
"I was looking forward
to going to developing countries
to going to developing countries
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做些研究，同时也报道一些故事。”
03:42
and doing research and covering stories
at the same time."
at the same time."
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03:47
She said, "I don't think so, girlfriend."
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她说：“我认为这样不行哦，姑娘。”
03:50
And that confusion, that mutual confusion,
drove us to publish a paper
drove us to publish a paper
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就是这样的疑惑，这样共有的疑惑，
促使我们发表了一篇文章
促使我们发表了一篇文章
关于科研与报道之间
03:55
on the conflicting ethics
and the contradictory practices
and the contradictory practices
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矛盾的道德规范与做法分歧。
03:58
of research and reporting.
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我们一开始就明白
04:00
We started with the understanding
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科研者和记者是“远房表亲”，
04:02
that researchers and reporters
are distant cousins,
are distant cousins,
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同样都是讲故事的人，
同样是社会分析师。
同样是社会分析师。
04:05
equally storytellers and social analysts.
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可两者对发展中国家的看法和描述
却大相径庭。
却大相径庭。
04:08
But we don't see nor portray
developing communities the same way.
developing communities the same way.
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这有一个典型的例子。
这是1992年的索马里。
这是1992年的索马里。
04:14
Here's a very classic example.
This is Somalia, 1992.
This is Somalia, 1992.
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这也是今天的索马里。
04:18
It could be Somalia today.
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而且这是对于你看到的
绝大多数的新闻影片和照片的
绝大多数的新闻影片和照片的
04:20
And this is a standard operating procedure
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标准的操作流程。
04:22
for much of the news video
and the news pictures that you see,
and the news pictures that you see,
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一大群记者都被装载着
04:26
where a group of reporters
will be trucked in,
will be trucked in,
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一起被运到某处灾难的地方。
04:29
escorted to the site of a disaster,
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他们会写出他们的材料，
拍出他们的照片，做他们的采访。
拍出他们的照片，做他们的采访。
04:31
they'll produce their material,
take their pictures, get their interviews,
take their pictures, get their interviews,
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然后他们会一起被护送出去。
04:35
and then they'll be escorted out.
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很显然，这不是一个
可以做科研的场景。
可以做科研的场景。
04:36
This is decidedly not a research setting.
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04:40
Now, sometimes, we're working
on feature stories.
on feature stories.
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有时候，我们还会做些专题报道。
这是一张我在印度安得拉邦的
Bhongir Vilage
Bhongir Vilage
04:43
This is an image I took of a woman
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拍的一张女人的照片。
04:45
in Bhongir Village
in Andhra Pradesh in India.
in Andhra Pradesh in India.
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她在一个小额贷款的会议上。
04:48
She's at a microfinance meeting.
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这是张很棒的照片。
04:50
It's a terrific story.
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04:51
What's important here
is that she is identifiable.
is that she is identifiable.
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值得强调的就是
她在人群中很容易认出来的。
她在人群中很容易认出来的。
你们可以看见她的脸。
04:54
You can see her face.
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这不是一张科研用途的照片。
04:56
This also is not a research picture.
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这张照片才是科研用片的代表。
04:59
This is much more representative
of a research picture.
of a research picture.
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这是一个科研基地，年轻女性正在
接触新的科技。
接触新的科技。
05:02
It's a research site: you see young women
accessing new technologies.
accessing new technologies.
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05:08
It's more of a time stamp,
it's a documentation of research.
it's a documentation of research.
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这更像是一个时间的印章，
一个科研的纪录。
一个科研的纪录。
但是我不能把这个当作新闻的材料。
05:12
I couldn't use this for news.
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05:15
It doesn't tell enough,
and it wouldn't sell.
and it wouldn't sell.
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这不能够充分说明什么，
人们不会买账的。
人们不会买账的。
但差异不仅如此，还要深许多。
05:18
But then, the differences
are even deeper than that.
are even deeper than that.
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Revi和我分析了一些科研家
受命进行的工作。
受命进行的工作。
05:20
Revi and I analyzed some of the mandates
that researchers are under.
that researchers are under.
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他们被很严格的规则束缚着的，
05:25
They are under some very strict rules
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这些规则都是由他们大学的科研复审
董事会掌管的。
董事会掌管的。
05:28
governed by their university
research review boards
research review boards
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这些规则有关研究内容和其机密性。
05:31
when it comes to content
and confidentiality.
and confidentiality.
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科研者被要求需要获取有文件证明的
准许。
准许。
05:34
Researchers are mandated to acquire
document-informed consent.
document-informed consent.
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作为一个记者，如果我给一个人
佩戴麦克风的话，
佩戴麦克风的话，
05:40
Well, as a reporter, if I hang
a microphone on someone,
a microphone on someone,
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这便是准许了。
05:42
that is consent.
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05:44
And when it comes to creating the story,
I'll fact-check as a reporter,
I'll fact-check as a reporter,
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在写一个故事时，作为记者，
我会去检查事件的真实性，
我会去检查事件的真实性，
但我不会邀请他人与我
一起写这个故事。
一起写这个故事。
05:48
but I don't invite company
to create that story,
to create that story,
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但是社会科学家，科研者，
05:51
whereas social scientists, researchers,
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05:54
and particularly
participatory researchers,
participatory researchers,
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尤其是参与式研究人员
一般会与其他群体一起构建故事。
05:56
will often work on constructing
the narrative with the community.
the narrative with the community.
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06:00
And when it comes
to paying for information,
to paying for information,
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当说到“重金新闻采访”的时候，
记者花钱去获取信息，
这样的行为是十分不提倡的。
这样的行为是十分不提倡的。
06:03
"checkbook journalism"
is roundly discouraged,
is roundly discouraged,
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一部分原因是这样的信息会带来
曲解和偏见，
曲解和偏见，
06:06
in part, because of the bias it introduces
in the kind of information you get.
in the kind of information you get.
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但是社会科学家明白人们的时间
是非常宝贵的，
是非常宝贵的，
06:10
But social scientists understand
that people's time is valuable
that people's time is valuable
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所以他们就用钱将那时间最大化。
06:14
so they pay them for that time.
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06:17
So while journalists are well-placed
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当新闻工作者有能力
传达科学研究或者是非政府组织工作
06:19
to convey the beauty
of the scientific process --
of the scientific process --
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的魅力的时候，
06:22
and I would add, the NGO process --
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我们该如何处理其中的缺点呢？
06:24
what about the warts?
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若一个科研项的计划并非精良？
06:26
What happens if a research project
is not particularly well-designed,
is not particularly well-designed,
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或者一个非政府组织的项目
没有达到目标？
没有达到目标？
06:30
or an NGO project
doesn't fulfill its goals?
doesn't fulfill its goals?
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或者还有别的类型的缺点，
06:34
Or the other kind of warts,
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比如说，到了晚上，你小酌两杯后
会发生什么。
会发生什么。
06:36
you know, what happens after dark
when the drinks happen.
when the drinks happen.
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科研环境、报道旅行、
非政府组织的项目都是
非政府组织的项目都是
06:40
Research environments
and reporting trips and NGO projects
and reporting trips and NGO projects
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非常亲密的环境；
06:46
are very intimate environments;
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你在工作的同时也会交到好朋友。
06:48
you make good friends
while you're doing good work.
while you're doing good work.
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但是，会有一些“微醺新闻学”出现。
06:52
But there's a little bit
of Johnnie Walker journalism after dark,
of Johnnie Walker journalism after dark,
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“参与项目”和“发生关系”
06:55
and what happens to that line
between embedded
between embedded
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之间的这条线又该如何划定呢？
06:59
and in-bedded?
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或你又该怎么应对古怪又龌龊的
行为呢？
行为呢？
07:00
Or what do you do with the odd
and odious behavior?
and odious behavior?
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所以，提前沟通和谈判。
是非常重要的一个点，
是非常重要的一个点，
07:03
The point is that you'll want
to negotiate in advance
to negotiate in advance
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哪些信息需被记录，
07:07
what is on the record
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而哪些是不必记下的。
07:08
and off the record.
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我现在给你们看一些非政府组织机构
提供的照片，
提供的照片，
07:10
I'm going to turn now to some NGO imagery
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这些照片对于一些在坐的人
可能是十分熟悉了。
可能是十分熟悉了。
07:13
which will be familiar
to some of you in this audience.
to some of you in this audience.
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（影片）旁白：差不多七十美分，
你就可以买一罐碳酸饮料了，
你就可以买一罐碳酸饮料了，
07:17
(Video) Narrator: For about 70 cents,
you can buy a can of soda,
you can buy a can of soda,
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07:21
regular or diet.
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无论是正常口味的还是无糖的。
在埃塞俄比亚，一天花70美分，
07:24
In Ethiopia, for just 70 cents a day,
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你就可以给像贾马尔那样的孩子
提供一顿丰盛的食物。
提供一顿丰盛的食物。
07:27
you can feed a child like Jamal
nourishing meals.
nourishing meals.
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同样的，七十美分可以用来买一杯咖啡。
07:32
For about 70 cents,
you can also buy a cup of coffee.
you can also buy a cup of coffee.
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07:36
In Guatemala, for 70 cents a day,
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但在危地马拉，只用七十美分
07:39
you can help a child like Vilma get
the clothes she needs to attend school.
the clothes she needs to attend school.
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你就可以帮助一个像威尔玛那样的孩子，
给她买去上学穿的衣服。
给她买去上学穿的衣服。
刚刚所见的影像在过去的四十年
07:44
Leslie Dodson: Now, there's
some very common imagery
some very common imagery
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都非常普遍的。
07:47
that's been around for 40 years.
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这是Sally Struthers拯救饥荒运动
的一部分。
的一部分。
07:48
That's part of Sally Struthers's
famine campaign.
famine campaign.
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07:53
Some of it is very familiar;
it's the Madonna and child.
it's the Madonna and child.
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其中有一些是令我们十分熟悉的照片，
像《圣母与圣婴》一样。
像《圣母与圣婴》一样。
在非政府组织的宣传手段中，
妇女和婴孩是非常管用的。
妇女和婴孩是非常管用的。
07:55
Women and children are very effective
in terms of NGO campaigns.
in terms of NGO campaigns.
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我们已经对着这张《圣母与圣婴》
的画像看了很久了，
的画像看了很久了，
08:01
We've been looking at this imagery
for a long time,
for a long time,
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08:03
for hundreds and hundreds of years;
the Madonna and child.
the Madonna and child.
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几百年那么久。
08:07
Here is [Duccio],
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这是（杜乔）画的《圣母与圣婴》，
这是米开朗基罗雕刻的
《圣母与圣婴》。
《圣母与圣婴》。
08:10
and here is Michelangelo.
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08:13
My concern is: Are we
one-noting the genders
one-noting the genders
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我担心的是：当我们在报道关于
发展中国家贫困事例的时候，
发展中国家贫困事例的时候，
08:16
in our narratives of poverty
in developing communities?
in developing communities?
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性别是否被我们一笔带过了？
08:21
Do we have women as victims,
and are men only the perpetrators?
and are men only the perpetrators?
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女人都变成了牺牲者，
男人都变成了干坏事的人吗？
男人都变成了干坏事的人吗？
08:25
Are they the guys with the AK-47s
or the boy soldiers?
or the boy soldiers?
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他们是拿着AK47的男人，
或是童子兵？
或是童子兵？
08:28
Because that doesn't leave
room for stories
room for stories
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正因如此，
一个男人在南苏丹的难民营卖冰淇凌，
这样的故事就没有空间存在。
这样的故事就没有空间存在。
08:31
like the man who's selling ice cream
at the refuge camp in Southern Sudan,
at the refuge camp in Southern Sudan,
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08:36
where we did a project,
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我们也在南苏丹做过项目，
08:37
or the stories of the men who are working
on the bridge over the Blue Nile.
on the bridge over the Blue Nile.
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类似的故事还比如一群
去修青尼罗河的桥的男人们。
去修青尼罗河的桥的男人们。
08:43
So I wonder:
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所以我会想，
08:44
Are these stories inconvenient
to our narratives?
to our narratives?
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这些故事是不是都不能当作
我们的叙事素材？
我们的叙事素材？
08:48
And what about this narrative?
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看看这个：
08:51
This is a for-profit game,
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这是一个为了盈利的游戏，
目的是为了让发展变得有意思。
08:55
and its aim is to make development fun.
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但有一个问题是：它是否无意中对
贫困地区进行了嘲讽？
贫困地区进行了嘲讽？
08:58
One question is: Did they
inadvertently make fun of?
inadvertently make fun of?
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另外一系列问题是：
这些儿童的权利都在哪？
这些儿童的权利都在哪？
09:03
Another set of questions is:
What are the rights of these children?
What are the rights of these children?
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09:06
What rights of publicity
or privacy do they have?
or privacy do they have?
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他们有什么样的隐私权
和曝光权？
和曝光权？
09:09
Did they get paid?
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他们得到报酬了吗？
09:11
Should they get paid?
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他们应该得到报酬吗？
09:12
Should they share in the profit?
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他们应该拿一份利润吗？
09:14
This is a for-profit game.
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这是一个为了利益而存在的游戏。
09:16
Did they sign talent waivers?
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他们签了知情同意书吗？
09:18
I have to use these
when I'm working with NGOs
when I'm working with NGOs
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当我和非政府组织机构或美国的
纪录片导演合作的时候，
纪录片导演合作的时候，
09:21
and documentary filmmakers
here in the States.
here in the States.
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我都得用到这些。
09:24
In the States, we take our right
to privacy and publicity
to privacy and publicity
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在美国，我们对待隐私权和曝光权
是非常严谨的。
09:27
very seriously.
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09:29
So what is it about getting
on a long-haul flight
on a long-haul flight
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所以，只是乘了一趟长途飞机
到了他国
到了他国
这种权利就不存在了吗？
09:32
that makes these rights vaporize?
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09:35
I don't want to just pick on our friends
in the gaming arts;
in the gaming arts;
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我不想只是针对游戏市场的人们，
09:38
I'll turn to the graphic arts,
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那我们来看一下平面艺术吧。
09:39
where we often see these monolithic,
homogeneous stories
homogeneous stories
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在平面艺术中，我们经常会看到
统一的、同类化的故事，
统一的、同类化的故事，
09:45
about the great country of Africa.
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关于非洲，这一“国家”。
09:49
But Africa is not a country,
it's a continent.
it's a continent.
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但是非洲不是一个国家，
那是一个大洲，
那是一个大洲，
有着54个国家和上千种语言。
09:53
It's 54 countries and thousands
and thousands of languages.
and thousands of languages.
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所以我的问题是，这些图像都
真实地反映了非洲吗？
真实地反映了非洲吗？
09:57
So my question is:
Is this imagery productive,
Is this imagery productive,
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还是曲解了它？
10:01
or is it reductive?
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我知道这很普遍。
10:03
I know that it's popular.
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美国国际开发署前段时间
发布了他们的活动计划“前进”。
发布了他们的活动计划“前进”。
10:05
USAID just launched
their campaign "Forward" --
their campaign "Forward" --
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10:09
FWD: Famine, War and Drought.
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缩写是FWD，代表饥饿(F)，战争(W)，
和干旱(D)。
和干旱(D)。
如果你只是看到这个标语的话，
你可能会觉得这是每时每刻
你可能会觉得这是每时每刻
10:13
And by looking at it, you would think
that was happening all the time,
that was happening all the time,
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都在非洲上演的事情。
10:16
all over Africa.
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10:17
But this is about what's happening
in the Horn of Africa.
in the Horn of Africa.
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但这其实是只在非洲之角发生的事。
而我依然在尝试搞懂他们
将非洲放在一张面包上的
将非洲放在一张面包上的
10:20
And I'm still trying to make sense
of Africa in a piece of Wonder Bread.
of Africa in a piece of Wonder Bread.
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10:26
I'm wondering about that.
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这个创意的意义在哪？
10:28
Germaine Greer has wondered
about the same things and she says,
about the same things and she says,
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杰梅茵·格里尔也曾思考过
同样的事情，于是她说：
同样的事情，于是她说：
10:31
"At breakfast and at dinner,
we can sharpen our own appetites
we can sharpen our own appetites
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“在早餐和晚餐的时候，
我们可以用一剂包含战争、
我们可以用一剂包含战争、
10:34
with a plentiful dose
of the pornography of war, genocide,
of the pornography of war, genocide,
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大屠杀、贫穷、以及疾病的色情药
来让我们的食欲大增。”
10:39
destitution and disease."
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10:41
She's right. We have
sharpened our appetites.
sharpened our appetites.
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她是对的。这些让我们食欲大增，
10:44
But we can also sharpen our insights.
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但我们需要擦亮我们的眼睛。
因为那儿的生活不只是战争、动乱
和疾病。
和疾病。
10:46
It is not always war,
insurrection and disease.
insurrection and disease.
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这是一张南苏丹在前几个月
10:51
This is a picture out of South Sudan,
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作为一个新成立国家的照片。
10:53
just a couple of months
before the new country was born.
before the new country was born.
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我会继续在发展中国家
做我的科研和记者的工作，
做我的科研和记者的工作，
10:56
I will continue to work as a researcher
and a reporter in developing countries,
and a reporter in developing countries,
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但是我持有不同的观察道德观。
11:02
but I do it with an altered
ethic of seeing.
ethic of seeing.
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我会问自己，我拍的照片
是否有讨好的意味，
是否有讨好的意味，
11:05
I ask myself whether
my pictures are pandering,
my pictures are pandering,
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是否迎合了世俗的偏见，
11:09
whether they contribute to stereotypes,
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是否相符我想传达的信息，
11:11
whether the images match the message,
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是否自满或同谋？
11:15
am I complacent or am I complicit?
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11:19
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
11:20
(Applause)
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（掌声）
Translated by ShaoJing Lu
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leslie Dodson - ReporterLeslie Dodson’s work has taken her from Latin America to Indonesia covering international finance, economics, and politics.
Why you should listen
Leslie Dodson has reported throughout the world for Reuters, NBC and CNN, among others. She has worked extensively in South America covering politics, economics, and international finance organizations. She has also covered Asian finance and politics for NHK Japan, and the Sandinista and Contra conflicts.
Leslie Dodson | Speaker | TED.com