TEDxMidAtlantic
Colin Powell: Kids need structure
鲍威尔：孩子需要结构
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如何协助孩子拥有好的开始？在这场发自内心、充满个人体验的演讲中，美国前国务卿鲍威尔请求父母、朋友和亲戚，在孩子上小学前，即透过小区和一份强烈的责任感，提供孩童协助。（摄于TEDxMidAtlantic）。
Colin Powell - Former U.S. Secretary of State
General Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State. Full bio
General Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
What I want to do this afternoon
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今天下午，我想做些
00:18
is something a little different than what's scheduled.
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和预订计划稍微不同的事
00:21
Foreign policy, you can figure that out
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若想了解外交政策
00:23
by watching, I don't know, Rachel Maddow or somebody,
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你们可以欣赏，我不知道，Rachel Maddow
（美国自由派名嘴）或某人的节目
（美国自由派名嘴）或某人的节目
00:26
but — (Laughter) —
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但－（笑声）－
00:27
I want to talk about young people and structure,
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我想谈论的是年轻人和结构
00:31
young people and structure.
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年轻人和结构
00:33
This was last Wednesday afternoon
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这是上周三下午
00:35
at a school in Brooklyn, New York,
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在纽约布鲁克林区一所学校
00:38
at Cristo Rey High School, run by the Jesuits.
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由耶稣会经营的Cristo Rey高中
00:41
And I was talking to this group of students, and take a look at them.
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当时我对这群学生演讲，并观察他们
00:45
They were around me in three directions.
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他们以三个方向环绕着我
00:47
You'll noticed that almost all of them are minority.
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你们注意到他们几乎都是少数族群
00:50
You'll notice that the building is rather austere.
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你们注意到这栋建筑十分简陋
00:52
It's an old New York school building, nothing fancy.
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这是一栋老旧的纽约校舍，十分简朴
00:56
They still have old blackboards and whatnot.
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他们仍使用旧式黑板等设备
00:58
And there are about 300 kids in this school,
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大约300名孩子在这所学校就读
01:01
and the school's been going now for four years,
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这所学校已成立四年
01:04
and they're about to graduate their first class.
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首届学生即将毕业
01:07
Twenty-two people are graduating,
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毕业生共有二十二人
01:09
and all 22 are going to college.
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二十二人都会上大学
01:11
They all come from homes where there is, for the most part,
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他们全都来自于－大多来自于
01:14
just one person in the home,
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只有一位亲人的家庭
01:16
usually the mother or the grandmother, and that's it,
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通常是母亲或祖母，仅此而已
01:19
and they come here for their education
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他们来这里接受教育
01:21
and for their structure.
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及结构训练
01:23
Now I had this picture taken, and it was put up
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我拍了这张相片
01:26
on my Facebook page last week,
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上星期贴上我的Facebook页面
01:28
and somebody wrote in,
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有人留言说
01:30
"Huh, why does he have him standing at attention like that?"
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“哼，他为何让他像这样立正？”
01:35
And then they said, "But he looks good." (Laughter)
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接着写道，“但他看起来不错”（笑声）
01:39
He does look good, because kids need structure,
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他看起来确实不错，因为孩子需要结构
01:42
and the trick I play in all of my school appearances
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我每次造访学校，必定会玩个把戏
01:45
is that when I get through with my little homily to the kids,
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当我稍微向孩子们说教后
01:48
I then invite them to ask questions,
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接着会邀请他们发问
01:50
and when they raise their hands, I say, "Come up,"
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当他们举起手时，我会说，“到台上来”
01:52
and I make them come up and stand in front of me.
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让他们在我面前站好
01:55
I make them stand at attention like a soldier.
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我让他们像士兵一样立正
01:57
Put your arms straight down at your side,
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双臂笔直地贴在身侧
01:59
look up, open your eyes, stare straight ahead,
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抬头挺胸、睁大双眼、直视前方
02:02
and speak out your question loudly so everybody can hear.
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大声说出问题，让每个人都能听见
02:05
No slouching, no pants hanging down, none of that stuff.
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不可弯腰驼背
不可衣衫不整地穿垮裤等
不可衣衫不整地穿垮裤等
02:09
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:10
And this young man, his name is -- his last name Cruz --
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这位年轻人，名字是－他姓Cruz－
02:13
he loved it. That's all over his Facebook page and it's gone viral.
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他爱极了，在Facebook上
大肆宣扬，使这件事广为流传
大肆宣扬，使这件事广为流传
02:17
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:19
So people think I'm being unkind to this kid.
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所以人们认为我刁难这个孩子
02:22
No, we're having a little fun.
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并非如此，我们乐在其中
02:24
And the thing about it, I've done this for years,
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至于这样的事，我已行之多年
02:26
the younger they are, the more fun it is.
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在年纪越小的孩子身上效果越有趣
02:29
When I get six- and seven-year-olds in a group,
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当我面对一群六、七岁的孩子时
02:32
I have to figure out how to keep them quiet.
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必须设法让他们安静下来
02:34
You know that they'll always start yakking.
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你们知道，他们总是聒噪不休
02:36
And so I play a little game with them
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因此我先和他们玩个小游戏
02:38
before I make them stand at attention.
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才让他们立正站好
02:39
I say, "Now listen. In the army,
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我说，“听着，在军队里”
02:42
when we want you to pay attention,
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当我们希望你集中注意力时
02:44
we have a command. It's called 'at ease.'
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我们有个口令，叫做“稍息”
02:47
It means everybody be quiet and pay attention. Listen up.
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表示每个人都得安静并留意，专心聆听
02:51
Do you understand?"
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“明白吗？”
02:52
"Uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh.""Let's practice. Everybody start chatting."
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“嗯哼、嗯哼、嗯哼”
“让我们做个练习，大家开始聊天”
“让我们做个练习，大家开始聊天”
02:57
And I let them go for about 10 seconds, then I go, "At ease!"
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我让他们吵大约十秒钟
然后大喊，“稍息！”
然后大喊，“稍息！”
03:00
"Huh!" (Laughter)
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“啊！”（笑声）
03:04
"Yes, General. Yes, General."
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“是，将军。是，将军”
03:06
Try it with your kids. See if it works. (Laughter)
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不妨在你们孩子身上试试，看看是否奏效
（笑声）
（笑声）
03:08
I don't think so.
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我想不太可能
03:11
But anyway, it's a game I play, and it comes obviously
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总之这是我玩的一个游戏，显然这来自于
03:15
from my military experience.
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我的军事生涯体验
03:16
Because for the majority of my adult life,
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因为我成年后大半时光
03:20
I worked with young kids, teenagers with guns, I call them.
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都和年轻人共事，我称他们为“持枪青年”
03:24
And we would bring them into the army,
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我们将他们带入军队
03:26
and the first thing we would do is to put them
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我们所做的第一件事，就是将他们
03:29
in an environment of structure, put them in ranks,
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放入组织境里，将他们放入行伍中
03:33
make them all wear the same clothes,
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让他们全都穿着相同服装
03:34
cut all their hair off so they look alike,
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剃短头发，让他们看起来如出一辙
03:37
make sure that they are standing in ranks.
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确保他们能列队站好
03:39
We teach them how to go right face, left face,
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我们教他们如何向右转、向左转
03:41
so they can obey instructions and know
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让他们服从指示
03:43
the consequences of not obeying instructions.
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了解不服从指示的后果
03:45
It gives them structure.
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这让他们明白何谓组织结构
03:47
And then we introduce them to somebody who they come to hate immediately, the drill sergeant.
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然后向他们介绍一位
他们立刻会痛恨的人，士官长
他们立刻会痛恨的人，士官长
03:51
And they hate him.
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他们对他恨之入骨
03:53
And the drill sergeant starts screaming at them,
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士官长开始对他们大声呼喊
03:55
and telling them to do all kinds of awful things.
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命令他们做各种难为的事
03:59
But then the most amazing thing happens over time.
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但随着时光流逝
最令人惊异的事逐渐发生
最令人惊异的事逐渐发生
04:02
Once that structure is developed,
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一旦发展出那种组织结构
04:05
once they understand the reason for something,
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一旦他们明白某件事的道理
04:08
once they understand, "Mama ain't here, son.
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一旦他们明白，“妈妈不在这里，孩子”
04:12
I'm your worst nightmare. I'm your daddy and your mommy.
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“我是你们最糟的噩梦，我是你们的父母”
04:16
And that's just the way it is. You got that, son?
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“明白吗？
事实就是如此，了解吗，孩子？”
事实就是如此，了解吗，孩子？”
04:19
Yeah, and then when I ask you a question, there are only three possible answers:
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“当我问你们问题时，只有三个可能答案”
04:22
yes, sir; no, sir; and no excuse, sir.
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“是，长官；不，长官；没有理由，长官”
04:24
Don't start telling me why you didn't do something.
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“别告诉我为何你们没做到某件事”
04:26
It's yes, sir; no, sir; no excuse, sir."
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“你只能回答：是，长官；
不，长官；没有理由，长官”
不，长官；没有理由，长官”
04:29
"You didn't shave.""But sir —"
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“你没刮胡子”
“但长官－”
“但长官－”
04:30
"No, don't tell me how often you scraped your face this morning.
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“不，别告诉我你今早老是刮伤脸皮”
04:33
I'm telling you you didn't shave."
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“我说的是你没刮胡子”
04:35
"No excuse, sir.""Attaboy, you're learning fast."
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“没有理由，长官”
“好小子，算你识相”
“好小子，算你识相”
04:38
But you'd be amazed at what you can do with them
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但你会惊讶于能让他们做到的事
04:41
once you put them in that structure.
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一旦你将他们放入那个组织结构中后
04:43
In 18 weeks, they have a skill. They are mature.
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十八周后，他们会拥有
一身本领，他们会变得成熟
一身本领，他们会变得成熟
04:48
And you know what, they come to admire the drill sergeant
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知道吗？他们开始钦佩士官长
04:51
and they never forget the drill sergeant.
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他们对士官长永难忘怀
04:53
They come to respect him.
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他们开始尊敬他
04:56
And so we need more of this kind of structure and respect
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因此我们需要将更多这种结构和尊敬
04:59
in the lives of our children.
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灌输到孩子的生活中
05:02
I spend a lot of time with youth groups,
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我花了很多时间和年轻人相处
05:03
and I say to people, "When does the education process begin?"
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当我询问人们，“教育过程从何时开始？”
05:07
We're always talking about, "Let's fix the schools.
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大家总是说，“让我们改善学校”
05:08
Let's do more for our teachers. Let's put more computers in our schools.
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“让我们为教师提供更多方案
让我们在学校装设更多计算机”
让我们在学校装设更多计算机”
05:12
Let's get it all online."
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“让我们将一切放上网络”
05:15
That isn't the whole answer. It's part of the answer.
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那并非全部答案，仅是部分答案
05:18
But the real answer begins with bringing a child to the school
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但真正答案从孩子入学开始
05:22
with structure in that child's heart and soul to begin with.
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将组织结构的概念灌输到孩子心灵中
05:26
When does the learning process begin? Does it begin in first grade?
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学习过程从何时开始？从一年级开始吗？
05:29
No, no, it begins the first time
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不，不，它开始于
05:31
a child in a mother's arms
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孩子第一次在母亲怀中
05:34
looks up at the mother
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仰视母亲时
05:37
and says, "Oh, this must be my mother.
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心想，“喔，这必定是我的母亲”
05:40
She's the one who feeds me.
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“她是抚育我的人”
05:43
Oh yeah, when I don't feel so good down there,
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“喔，是的，当我不舒服时”
05:45
she takes care of me.
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“她会照料我”
05:47
It's her language I will learn."
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“我将学习她的语言”
05:50
And at that moment they shut out all the other languages
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那时，他们会将所有
那个年纪能学习的其他语言
那个年纪能学习的其他语言
05:53
that they could be learning at that age,
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都拒之门外
05:55
but by three months, that's her.
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在最初三个月中，只听得进她的语言
05:58
And if the person doing it, whether it's the mother
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如果做这件事的人，无论是母亲
06:01
or grandmother, whoever's doing it,
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或祖母，无论做这件事的人是谁
06:03
that is when the education process begins.
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那就是教育过程的开始
06:05
That's when language begins.
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那就是语言的开始
06:07
That's when love begins. That's when structure begins.
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那就是爱的开始，那就是结构的开始
06:09
That's when you start to imprint on the child
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那就是当你开始对孩子灌输
06:11
that "you are special,
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“你是特别的”
06:14
you are different from every other child in the world.
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“你和世上任何其他孩子都不同”
06:17
And we're going to read to you."
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“我们会念书给你听”
06:19
A child who has not been read to
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不曾听过他人念书的孩子
06:21
is in danger when that child gets to school.
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入学后将处于风险中
06:23
A child who doesn't know his or her colors
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一位不知道自己肤色的孩子
06:25
or doesn't know how to tell time, doesn't know how to tie shoes,
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或不知道如何看时间，不知道如何系鞋带
06:28
doesn't know how to do those things,
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不知道如何做那些事
06:30
and doesn't know how to do something that
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不知道如何遵守
06:32
goes by a word that was drilled into me as a kid: mind.
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自小就扎根于我脑海的字眼：注意
06:35
Mind your manners! Mind your adults! Mind what you're saying!
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注意你的举止！
注意身边的大人！注意你说的话！
注意身边的大人！注意你说的话！
06:39
This is the way children are raised properly.
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这就是正确教养孩子的方式
06:42
And I watched my own young grandchildren now come along
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当我现在观察自己年幼孙辈的言行
06:45
and they're, much to the distress of my children,
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他们令我的孩子苦恼万分
06:49
they are acting just like we did. You know? You imprint them.
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他们的反应就像当年的我们
知道吗？你们让他们深受影响
知道吗？你们让他们深受影响
06:54
And that's what you have to do to prepare children for education and for school.
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你们必须做的事
就是让孩子为接受教育和上学做准备
就是让孩子为接受教育和上学做准备
06:59
And I'm working at all the energy I have
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现在，我竭尽所能地
07:02
to sort of communicate this message that
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宣扬这个讯息
07:04
we need preschool, we need Head Start,
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我们需要学前教育，我们需要启蒙计划
07:08
we need prenatal care.
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我们需要胎教
07:10
The education process begins even before the child is born,
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教育过程甚至在孩子诞生之前已经开始
07:14
and if you don't do that, you're going to have difficulty.
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如果不这么做，将会面临困境
07:17
And we are having difficulties in so many of our communities
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许多小区面临这些困境
07:20
and so many of our schools where kids are coming
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许多学校中的孩子
07:23
to first grade and their eyes are blazing,
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成为一年级新生时，他们双眼发亮
07:25
they've got their little knapsack on and they're ready to go,
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他们背上小背包，准备上学
07:29
and then they realize they're not like the other first graders
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然后发现自己不像其他一年级生一样
07:32
who know books, have been read to, can do their alphabet.
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熟知书中内容
他们已经听过，看得懂英文字母
他们已经听过，看得懂英文字母
07:36
And by the third grade, the kids who didn't have
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到了三年级，那些一开始缺乏
07:39
that structure and minding in the beginning
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那种结构和思维的孩子
07:43
start to realize they're behind, and what do they do?
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开始意识到自己落后他人，他们怎么做？
07:45
They act it out. They act it out, and they're on their way
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他们表现脱轨行为，然后踏上
07:49
to jail or they're on their way to being dropouts.
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通往监狱之路，或踏上辍学之路
07:52
It's predictable.
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这是意料之事
07:53
If you're not at the right reading level at third grade,
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如果到了三年级时，你的阅读能力不及格
07:56
you are a candidate for jail at age 18,
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到了十八岁，就是入狱的候选者
08:00
and we have the highest incarceration rate
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我们拥有最高的入监率
08:03
because we're not getting our kids the proper start in life.
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因为我们没有
让孩子的生命拥有正确的开始
让孩子的生命拥有正确的开始
08:06
The last chapter in my book is called
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我的著作中最后一章，标题为
08:08
"The Gift of a Good Start."
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“以好的开始作礼物”
08:11
The gift of a good start. Every child ought to have a good start in life.
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以好的开始作礼物
每个孩子的生命都应该拥有好的开始
每个孩子的生命都应该拥有好的开始
08:14
I was privileged to have that kind of good start.
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我有幸拥有这种好的开始
08:17
I was not a great student.
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我并非一位杰出学生
08:19
I was a public school kid in New York City,
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我就读于纽约市一所公立学校
08:22
and I didn't do well at all.
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各方面表现都不佳
08:24
I have my entire New York City Board of Education transcript
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我从纽约市教育局取得一份
08:28
from kindergarten through college.
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从幼儿园到大学的完整成绩单
08:31
I wanted it when I was writing my first book.
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于撰写第一本着作时申请
08:33
I wanted to see if my memory was correct,
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我想知道我的记忆是否正确
08:35
and, my God, it was. (Laughter)
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天哪，确实如此（笑声）
08:38
Straight C everywhere.
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从头到尾都是C
08:41
And I finally bounced through high school,
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我终于在高中时期翻身
08:43
got into the City College of New York
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进入纽约市立学院
08:46
with a 78.3 average, which I shouldn't have been allowed in with,
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以平均78.3分的成绩
我本来应该无法录取
我本来应该无法录取
08:49
and then I started out in engineering,
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2739
我最初主修工程学
08:52
and that only lasted six months. (Laughter)
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仅持续了六个月（笑声）
08:54
And then I went into geology, "rocks for jocks." This is easy.
188
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4013
然后转攻地质学
“捡石头运动”，简单极了
“捡石头运动”，简单极了
08:58
And then I found ROTC.
189
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2002
然后我发现ROTC（大学储备军官训练团）
09:00
I found something that I did well and something that I loved doing,
190
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我发现某样我擅长且喜欢的事
09:04
and I found a group of youngsters like me who felt the same way.
191
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我发现一群志同道合的年轻人
09:08
And so my whole life then was dedicated to ROTC and the military.
192
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因此我将毕生奉献于ROTC和军方
09:12
And I say to young kids everywhere, as you're growing up
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我经常对年轻人说，随着年龄增长
09:15
and as this structure is being developed inside of you,
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随着这种结构在你身上成长茁壮
09:18
always be looking for that which you do well and that which you love doing,
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努力不懈地寻找你所擅长及喜爱的事
09:21
and when you find those two things together, man, you got it.
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当你发现两者吻合时，老兄，你找到了
09:24
That's what's going on. And that's what I found.
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这就是我的经历，这就是我的领悟
09:26
Now the authorities at CCNY were getting tired of me being there.
198
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此时，纽约市立学院
越来越厌倦我的存在
越来越厌倦我的存在
09:29
I'd been there four and a half going on five years,
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1801
我在那里读了四年半，将近五年
09:31
and my grades were not doing particularly well,
200
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我的成绩不甚理想
09:35
and I was in occasional difficulties with the administration.
201
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我和校方不时有些摩擦
09:38
And so they said, "But he does so well in ROTC.
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因此他们说，“但他在ROTC表现优异”
09:41
Look, he gets straight A's in that but not in anything else."
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3350
“看，他在那方面
全都拿A，但其他方面都不行”
全都拿A，但其他方面都不行”
09:44
And so they said, "Look, let's take his ROTC grades
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因此他们说：
“好，我们不妨采用他的ROTC成绩”
“好，我们不妨采用他的ROTC成绩”
09:49
and roll them into his overall GPA and see what happens."
205
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3446
“并入大学平均成绩
（Overall GPA），看看情况如何”
（Overall GPA），看看情况如何”
09:52
And they did, and it brought me up to 2.0. (Laughter)
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6716
他们这么做了，使我的GPA上升到2.0（笑声）
09:59
Yep. (Laughter) (Applause)
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没错（笑声）（掌声）
10:03
They said, "It's good enough for government work.
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他们说，“这个成绩足以进政府单位”
10:06
Give him to the army. We'll never see him again. We'll never see him again."
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“把他送入军队
我们再也不会见到他，我们再也不会见到他”
我们再也不会见到他，我们再也不会见到他”
10:09
So they shipped me off to the army,
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1852
因此他们把我送入军队
10:11
and lo and behold, many years later,
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瞧，多年后
10:15
I'm considered one of the greatest sons the City College of New York has ever had. (Laughter)
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我被认为是纽约市立学院
最杰出的校友之一（笑声）
最杰出的校友之一（笑声）
10:19
So, I tell young people everywhere,
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3202
因此，我经常对年轻人说
10:22
it ain't where you start in life, it's what you do with life
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并非生命的起点
而是你如何挥洒生命
而是你如何挥洒生命
10:26
that determines where you end up in life,
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决定了生命的结果
10:30
and you are blessed to be living in a country that,
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你有幸生活在这个国家
10:33
no matter where you start, you have opportunities
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无论从何处起步，都拥有机会
10:36
so long as you believe in yourself,
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2704
只要你相信自己
10:39
you believe in the society and the country,
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2991
相信这个社会和国家
10:42
and you believe that you can self-improve
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3419
相信你可以自我提升
10:45
and educate yourself as you go along.
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随时自我教育
10:47
And that's the key to success.
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那就是成功的关键
10:50
But it begins with the gift of a good start.
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但这始于好的开始这份礼物
10:53
If we don't give that gift to each and every one of our kids,
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如果我们不将这份礼物给予每一位孩子
10:55
if we don't invest at the earliest age,
225
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3678
如果我们不在最早阶段进行投资
10:59
we're going to be running into difficulties.
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2742
我们将面临困境
11:02
It's why we have a dropout rate of roughly 25 percent overall
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4266
这就是整体辍学率将近25 %的原因
11:06
and almost 50 percent of our minority population
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2722
将近50 %少数族群
11:09
living in low-income areas,
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3474
生活在低收入地区
11:12
because they're not getting the gift of a good start.
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2781
因为他们得不到好的开始这份礼物
11:15
My gift of a good start was not only being in a nice family,
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3978
我拥有好的开始这份礼物
不仅是诞生于不错的家庭
不仅是诞生于不错的家庭
11:19
a good family, but having a family that said to me,
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3555
好的家庭，还有会对我这么说的家人
11:23
"Now listen, we came to this country in banana boats
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3947
“听着，我们乘着香蕉船来到这个国家”
11:27
in 1920 and 1924.
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3362
“在1920和1924年”
11:30
We worked like dogs down in the garment industry every single day.
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4175
“我们每天在成衣厂做牛做马”
11:34
We're not doing it so that you can stick something up your nose
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3526
“我们这么做不是为了让你吸毒”
11:38
or get in trouble. And don't even think about dropping out."
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4380
“或惹是生非，更别动辍学的念头”
11:42
If I had ever gone home and told those immigrant people
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3051
如果我胆敢对身为移民的父母说
11:45
that, "You know, I'm tired of school and I'm dropping out,"
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2469
“你们知道吗？我厌倦了学校，打算辍学”
11:48
they'd said, "We're dropping you out. We'll get another kid."
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2657
他们会说，“我们打算
和你断绝关系，就当没生过这个孩子”
和你断绝关系，就当没生过这个孩子”
11:50
(Laughter)
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6358
（笑声）
11:57
They had expectations for all of the cousins
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2526
他们对所有表亲
11:59
and the extended family of immigrants that lived in the South Bronx,
243
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3583
甚至住在
南布朗克斯的远亲移民都有所期许
南布朗克斯的远亲移民都有所期许
12:03
but they had more than just expectations for us.
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但他们对我们的期许不仅于此
12:06
They stuck into our hearts like a dagger
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3911
他们将羞耻心
彷佛匕首般地刺进我们心坎
彷佛匕首般地刺进我们心坎
12:10
a sense of shame: "Don't you shame this family."
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4862
“别让家族蒙羞”
12:15
Sometimes I would get in trouble,
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1663
有时我会惹麻烦
12:16
and my parents were coming home,
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1843
我父母会连忙赶回家
12:18
and I was in my room waiting for what's going to happen,
249
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3481
我待在自己房间里，等待后续发展
12:22
and I would sit there saying to myself, "Okay, look,
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2211
我独自坐着，对自己说，“好”
12:24
take the belt and hit me, but, God, don't give me that 'shame the family' bit again."
251
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4775
“拿起皮带狠狠打我一顿，但－”
天哪，别再说什么‘让家族蒙羞’了”
天哪，别再说什么‘让家族蒙羞’了”
12:29
It devastated me when my mother did that to me.
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2757
当母亲这么对我说时，总是令我大受打击
12:31
And I also had this extended network.
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2164
我也拥有一个广大的网络
12:34
Children need a network. Children need to be part of a tribe,
254
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2988
孩子需要一个网络，孩子需要成为族群
12:36
a family, a community.
255
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1881
家庭和小区的一份子
12:38
In my case it was aunts who lived in all of these tenement buildings.
256
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4224
以我的情况来说
就是住在所有廉价公寓中的阿姨
就是住在所有廉价公寓中的阿姨
12:43
I don't know how many of you are New Yorkers,
257
747199
1856
我不知道在座有多少是纽约人
12:44
but there were these tenement buildings,
258
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1921
但纽约市有些廉价公寓
12:46
and these women were always hanging out one of the windows,
259
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3213
这些女人总是望着窗外
12:50
leaning on a pillow.
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1622
倚着枕头
12:51
They never left. (Laughter)
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2759
她们从不离开（笑声）
12:54
I, so help me God, I grew up walking those streets,
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3034
老天保佑，我在这些街道上长大
12:57
and they were always there.
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1482
她们总是存在
12:58
They never went to the bathroom. They never cooked. (Laughter)
264
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2874
她们从不上厕所、从不煮饭（笑声）
13:01
They never did anything.
265
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2546
她们什么也不干
13:04
But what they did was keep us in play.
266
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2713
但她们所做的就是让我们守法守分
13:07
They kept us in play.
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2286
她们不断地让我们守法守分
13:09
And they didn't care
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2258
她们不在乎
13:11
whether you became a doctor or a lawyer or a general,
269
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4747
你是否成为医生、律师或将军
13:16
and they never expected any generals in the family,
270
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3093
她们不曾期望家族中出个将军
13:19
as long as you got an education and then you got a job.
271
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3860
只要你接受教育，然后找一份工作
13:23
"Don't give us any of that self-actualization stuff.
272
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1991
“别跟我们谈什么自我实现的理想”
13:25
You get a job and get out of the house.
273
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2815
“只要找份工作，搬出家门”
13:28
We don't have time to waste for that.
274
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2478
“我们没时间浪费在那种事上”
13:30
And then you can support us. That's the role of you guys."
275
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3575
“之后你就可以支持我们
这就是你们这些孩子的责任”
这就是你们这些孩子的责任”
13:34
And so, it's so essential that we kind of put this culture
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798322
5522
因此，这是相当重要的一点
我们应该将这种文化
我们应该将这种文化
13:39
back into our families, all families.
277
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4282
导回我们的家庭，所有家庭
13:44
And it is so important that all of you here today
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3335
这十分重要，在座各位
13:47
who are successful people,
279
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2676
都是成功人士
13:50
and I'm sure have wonderful families and children and grandchildren,
280
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4555
我相信你们都拥有美好的家庭和子孙
13:54
it's not enough. You've got to reach out and back
281
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1738
这并不足够，你们必须伸出援手
13:56
and find kids like Mr. Cruz
282
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2651
帮助像Cruz先生这样的孩子
13:58
who can make it if you give them the structure,
283
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3370
他们可以有所成就，如果你们给予他们结构
14:02
if you reach back and help, if you mentor,
284
826451
1987
如果你们伸出援手，如果你们提供指导
14:04
if you invest in boys and girls clubs,
285
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2374
如果你们资助男女童军
14:06
if you work with your school system,
286
830812
1891
如果你们和学校系统携手合作
14:08
make sure it's the best school system,
287
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1274
确保它成为最佳的学校系统
14:09
and not just your kid's school, but the school uptown in Harlem,
288
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4823
不仅是你们孩子的学校
还有那些位于哈林区的学校
还有那些位于哈林区的学校
14:14
not just downtown Montessori on the West Side.
289
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2822
不仅是位于西区市中心的蒙特梭利学校
14:17
All of us have to have a commitment to do that.
290
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4153
我们每个人都该致力于这方面的贡献
14:21
And we're not just investing in the kids.
291
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2650
我们投资的不仅是孩子
14:24
We're investing in our future.
292
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2053
我们投资的是我们的未来
14:26
We're going to be a minority-majority country
293
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2821
再过一个世代
14:29
in one more generation.
294
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1993
我们将成为以少数族群为主的国家
14:31
Those that we call minorities now are going to be the majority.
295
855292
3369
现在我们称为
少数族群的人，将会变成多数人口
少数族群的人，将会变成多数人口
14:34
And we have to make sure that they are ready to be the majority.
296
858661
2580
我们必须确保他们
为成为多数人口做好准备
为成为多数人口做好准备
14:37
We have to make sure they're ready to be the leaders
297
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2231
我们必须确保他们准备好
14:39
of this great country of ours,
298
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2952
成为这个伟大国家的领袖
14:42
a country that is like no other,
299
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3476
一个与众不同的国家
14:45
a country that amazes me every single day,
300
869900
1685
一个每天都带给我惊喜的国家
14:47
a country that's fractious. We're always arguing with each other.
301
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2620
一个充满纷争的国家，我们总是争论不休
14:50
That's how the system's supposed to work.
302
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2972
这就是这个系统的运作方式
14:53
It's a country of such contrasts, but it's a nation of nations.
303
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3579
这是一个
充满对立的国家，但它是国中之国
充满对立的国家，但它是国中之国
14:56
We touch every nation. Every nation touches us.
304
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3996
我们和每个国家息息相关
每个国家也和我们息息相关
每个国家也和我们息息相关
15:00
We are a nation of immigrants.
305
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1685
我们是移民国家
15:02
That's why we need sound immigration policy.
306
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3144
这就是为什么我们需要健全的移民政策
15:05
It's ridiculous not to have a sound immigration policy
307
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3235
这是十分荒谬的事－
没有健全的移民政策
没有健全的移民政策
15:08
to welcome those who want to come here and be part of this great nation,
308
892816
3083
欢迎那些想来这里
成为这个伟大国家一份子的人
成为这个伟大国家一份子的人
15:11
or we can send back home with an education
309
895899
2153
或者我们可以给予他们教育机会
15:13
to help their people rise up out of poverty.
310
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3381
帮助他们的人民脱离贫困
15:17
One of the great stories I love to tell is about my love
311
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其中一个让我津津乐道的精采故事是
15:21
of going to my hometown of New York
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我喜欢返回纽约故居
15:22
and walking up Park Avenue on a beautiful day
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在晴朗的日子沿着公园大道散步
15:24
and admiring everything and seeing all the people go by
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欣赏周遭一切，观察与我擦肩而过
15:26
from all over the world.
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来自世界各地的人
15:28
But what I always have to do is stop at one of the corners
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但我必定会做的事
就是在其中一个转角停下
就是在其中一个转角停下
15:31
and get a hot dog from the immigrant pushcart peddler.
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在移民手推车摊贩买热狗
15:35
Gotta have a dirty water dog. (Laughter)
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非得吃个脏兮兮的热狗不可（笑声）
15:38
And no matter where I am or what I'm doing,
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无论我身处何方或正在做什么
15:41
I've got to do that.
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都非得做这件事不可
15:42
I even did it when I was Secretary of State.
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即使担任国务卿时也不例外
15:45
I'd come out of my suite at the Waldorf Astoria
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我会走出Waldorf Astoria酒店套房
15:48
— (Laughter) —
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（笑声）
15:51
be walking up the street, and I would hit around 55th Street
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沿着街道前进，然后在第55街转角
15:54
looking for the immigrant pushcart peddler.
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寻找移民手推车摊贩
15:57
In those days, I had five bodyguards around me
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当年我身边跟着五个保镳
15:59
and three New York City police cars would roll alongside
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三辆纽约市警车沿途护送
16:02
to make sure nobody whacked me while I was going up Park Avenue. (Laughter)
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确保我沿着公园大道前进时不会遭到攻击
（笑声）
（笑声）
16:06
And I would order the hot dog from the guy,
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我会向小贩买个热狗
16:08
and he'd start to fix it, and then he'd look around
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他会开始制作，然后环顾四周
16:11
at the bodyguards and the police cars --
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看见那些保镳和警车
16:12
"I've got a green card! I've got a green card!" (Laughter)
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“我有绿卡！我有绿卡！”（笑声）
16:14
"It's okay, it's okay."
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“没事、没事”
16:19
But now I'm alone. I'm alone.
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但现在我独自一人，独自一人
16:21
I've got no bodyguards, I've got no police cars. I've got nothing.
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没有保镳，没有警车，什么也没有
16:24
But I gotta have my hot dog.
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但还是得吃热狗
16:27
I did it just last week. It was on a Tuesday evening
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我上星期才买过，那是某个星期二傍晚
16:30
down by Columbus Circle.
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就在哥伦布圆环附近
16:33
And the scene repeats itself so often.
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这是司空见惯的场景
16:35
I'll go up and ask for my hot dog,
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我上前买热狗
16:39
and the guy will fix it, and as he's finishing,
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那个小贩开始制作，即将完成时
16:41
he'll say, "I know you. I see you on television.
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他说，“我认得你，我在电视上见过你”
16:44
You're, well, you're General Powell."
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“你是…嗯…你是鲍威尔将军”
16:46
"Yes, yes.""Oh ... "
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“是、是”
“喔…”
“喔…”
16:48
I hand him the money.
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我把钱递给他
16:50
"No, General. You can't pay me. I've been paid.
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“不，将军
你不能付我钱，我已得到报偿”
你不能付我钱，我已得到报偿”
16:55
America has paid me. I never forget where I came from.
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“美国已经给了我报偿
我永远不会忘记自己来自何方”
我永远不会忘记自己来自何方”
16:58
But now I'm an American. Sir, thank you."
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“但我现在是美国人，长官，谢谢”
17:01
I accept the generosity, continue up the street,
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我接受他的好意，继续沿着街道前进
17:04
and it washes over me, my God,
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脑海里浮现一个念头，天哪
17:06
it's the same country that greeted my parents this way 90 years ago.
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这就是九十年前
以同样方式欢迎我父母的国家
以同样方式欢迎我父母的国家
17:10
So we are still that magnificent country,
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因此，这依然是当年那个泱泱大国
17:12
but we are fueled by young people coming up
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但来自世界各地的年轻人
17:15
from every land in the world,
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为这个国家贡献心力
17:18
and it is our obligation as contributing citizens
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我们的义务是
17:21
to this wonderful country of ours
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成为对这个美好国家有所贡献的公民
17:23
to make sure that no child gets left behind.
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确保没有任何孩子会被遗忘
17:26
Thank you very much.
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十分感谢
17:28
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Colin Powell - Former U.S. Secretary of StateGeneral Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State.
Why you should listen
Four-star General Colin Powell was the first African-American U.S. Secretary of State, serving under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. Prior to his service Powell was also the first African-American to serve as Chairman to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, an office he held from 1989 to 1993. But how did young Powell, a C student from the Bronx and a child of Jamaican immigrants, reach the highest military position in the Department of Defense?
While Powell was attending university at City College of New York, he found his calling in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). He graduated to become an Army second lieutenant and later went on to serve two tours in the Vietnam War. In 1989 under President George H. W. Bush, Powell was made a full general, before being named 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Powell is the Founding Chairman of America's Promise Alliance, an organization which supports children through volunteer networks.
Colin Powell | Speaker | TED.com