TEDxThessaloniki
Edi Rama: Take back your city with paint
埃迪·拉馬（Edi Rama）: 用颜料夺回城市
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
641,447 views
把城市变美，会遏制腐败。作为阿尔巴尼亚地拉那市市长的埃迪·拉馬，利用这个看似简单的途径，通过使用彩色设计改变了公共空间而使公众获得了自豪。这些方案以民众优先，拉馬减少了犯罪--向他的民众展现了他们能够对他们的领导人有信心。(拍摄于TEDxThessaloniki.)
Edi Rama - Politician
From 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people. Full bio
From 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In my previous life, I was an artist.
0
1007
3487
以前，我曾是个艺术家
00:20
I still paint. I love art.
1
4494
2473
我仍然画画，我喜欢艺术。
00:22
I love the joy that color can give to our lives
2
6967
5599
我喜欢颜色给我们生活
00:28
and to our communities,
3
12566
2648
和社会带来的喜悦
00:31
and I try to bring something of the artist in me
4
15214
5279
我尝试把我身上艺术家的那一面
00:36
in my politics,
5
20493
2121
带进政治，
00:38
and I see
6
22614
3928
我发现，
00:42
part of my job today, the reason for being here,
7
26542
5184
今天我工作的一部分，我站在这里的原因
00:47
not just to campaign for my party,
8
31726
4927
不只是为我的党派宣传，
00:52
but for politics, and the role it can play
9
36653
4705
也是为政治，以及它在改善我们生活的方面
00:57
for the better in our lives.
10
41358
3816
能起到的作用
01:01
For 11 years, I was mayor of Tirana, our capital.
11
45174
5872
我做我们的首都地拉那的市长有11年了
01:06
We faced many challenges.
12
51046
2692
我们面对过很多挑战
01:09
Art was part of the answer,
13
53738
2484
艺术解决了部分问题
01:12
and my name, in the very beginning,
14
56222
2618
起初，我的名字
01:14
was linked with two things:
15
58840
2415
与两样事情有关：
01:17
demolition of illegal constructions
16
61255
4093
为恢复公共空间
01:21
in order to get public space back,
17
65348
4080
而拆除违章建筑，
01:25
and use of colors in order to revive the hope
18
69428
3678
以及用颜色来重燃我们城市
01:29
that had been lost in my city.
19
73106
3319
丢失的希望
01:32
But this use of colors was not just an artistic act.
20
76425
5861
这些颜色的使用不光是为了追求艺术
01:38
Rather, it was a form of political action
21
82286
4116
在当时，它更是一种政治行动
01:42
in a context when the city budget I had available
22
86402
5102
我当选以后
01:47
after being elected amounted to zero comma something.
23
91504
6707
城市的预算经费所剩无几
01:54
When we painted the first building,
24
98211
2991
我们粉刷第一幢大楼时
01:57
by splashing a radiant orange on the somber gray
25
101202
4552
在铅灰色的大楼正面
02:01
of a facade,
26
105754
2264
泼上了明亮的橙色
02:03
something unimaginable happened.
27
108018
4224
跟着不可思议的事情发生了
02:08
There was a traffic jam
28
112242
2070
一时交通阻塞
02:10
and a crowd of people gathered
29
114312
3005
众人聚集
02:13
as if it were the location of some spectacular accident,
30
117317
4918
好像重大事故的现场
02:18
or the sudden sighting of a visiting pop star.
31
122235
4719
或者突然撞到了来游玩的明星
02:22
The French E.U. official in charge of the funding
32
126954
4802
负责基金的法国欧盟官员
02:27
rushed to block the painting.
33
131756
3094
赶来阻止正在进行的喷涂作业
02:30
He screeched that he would block the financing.
34
134850
4746
他尖叫着说要中止融资
02:35
"But why?" I asked him.
35
139596
3630
我问他，“为什么呀？”
02:39
"Because the colors you have ordered
36
143226
2792
他回答说：“你用的那些颜色
02:41
do not meet European standards," he replied.
37
146018
4712
不符合欧洲标准。”
02:46
"Well," I told him,
38
150730
2929
我跟他说
02:49
"the surroundings do not meet European standards,
39
153659
3188
“这周围的一切都不符合欧洲标准
02:52
even though this is not what we want,
40
156847
5295
尽管这也不是我们想要的
02:58
but we will choose the colors ourselves,
41
162142
3171
但是我们要自己选择颜色
03:01
because this is exactly what we want.
42
165313
3670
因为这就是我们想要的
03:04
And if you do not let us continue with our work,
43
168983
3883
如果你不让我们继续工作
03:08
I will hold a press conference here,
44
172866
2674
我要马上举行一个新闻发布会
03:11
right now, right in this road,
45
175540
3276
就在这条路上
03:14
and we will tell people that you look to me
46
178816
3250
我们会告诉人们你们提防着我们
03:17
just like the censors of the socialist realism era."
47
182066
5874
就像社会主义现实主义时代的审查们。”
03:23
Then he was kind of troubled,
48
187940
2655
他也很为难
03:26
and asked me for a compromise.
49
190595
2592
并请我作出让步
03:29
But I told him no, I'm sorry,
50
193187
2320
但我告诉他，很抱歉
03:31
compromise in colors is gray,
51
195507
4502
妥协有颜色来表示的话是灰色
03:35
and we have enough gray to last us a lifetime.
52
200009
5088
我们人生中已经有太多的灰色
03:40
(Applause)
53
205097
1217
（掌声)
03:42
So it's time for change.
54
206314
5119
是改变的时候啦
03:47
The rehabilitation of public spaces
55
211433
2170
恢复公共空间
03:49
revived the feeling of belonging
56
213603
2734
会恢复人们对所遗失的城市
03:52
to a city that people lost.
57
216337
4869
的归属感
03:57
The pride of people about their own place of living,
58
221206
6440
人们对自己居住地的自豪
04:03
and there were feelings that had been buried
59
227646
3419
以及多来年他们对
04:06
deep for years under the fury of the illegal,
60
231065
4655
公共场所滋生的非法野蛮建筑
04:11
barbaric constructions that sprang up in the public space.
61
235720
5474
的愤慨背后的情感
04:17
And when colors came out everywhere,
62
241194
3044
当各处有了颜色
04:20
a mood of change started transforming the spirit of people.
63
244238
4488
人们的精神开始转变
04:24
Big noise raised up: "What is this? What is happening?
64
248726
2947
有人大声问：“这是什么？这是怎么回事？”
04:27
What are colors doing to us?"
65
251673
1961
这些颜色对我们有什么影响？
04:29
And we made a poll,
66
253634
1055
我们做了个民意调查
04:30
the most fascinating poll I've seen in my life.
67
254689
2402
是我一生中见过的最迷人的调查
04:32
We asked people, "Do you want this action,
68
257091
7257
我们问他们，“你们想要这次行动
04:40
and to have buildings painted like that?"
69
264348
4490
就是把建筑漆成这样子吗？”
04:44
And then the second question was,
70
268838
2371
第二个问题是
04:47
"Do you want it to stop or do you want it to continue?"
71
271209
3004
“你们想让它停止还是让它继续？”
04:50
To the first question,
72
274213
1684
第一个问题呢
04:51
63 percent of people said yes, we like it.
73
275897
3906
63%的人说是，我们喜欢这样
04:55
Thirty-seven said no, we don't like it.
74
279803
2360
37%的人回答不，我们不喜欢这样
04:58
But to the second question, half of them that didn't like it,
75
282163
3672
对第二个问题，说不喜欢这样的人当中有一半
05:01
they wanted it to continue. (Laughter)
76
285835
3079
希望这个行动能继续下去。（笑声）
05:04
So we noticed change.
77
288914
3127
我们注意到了变化
05:07
People started to drop less litter in the streets, for example,
78
292041
4395
譬如说，人们往街上扔垃圾的行为变少了
05:12
started to pay taxes,
79
296436
2630
开始付税金
05:14
started to feel something they had forgotten,
80
299066
4449
开始感觉到一度淡忘了的一些事
05:19
and beauty was acting as a guardsman
81
303515
5064
当城市警察，或说国家本身正在消亡的时候
05:24
where municipal police, or the state itself, were missing.
82
308579
6542
美就充当了捍卫者
05:31
One day I remember walking along a street
83
315121
3701
记得有一天我走在街上
05:34
that had just been colored,
84
318822
2596
那里刚被涂上颜色
05:37
and where we were in the process of planting trees,
85
321418
3779
树木也正在那里栽种
05:41
when I saw a shopkeeper and his wife
86
325197
3245
我看到一个店老板和他太太
05:44
putting a glass facade to their shop.
87
328442
3967
在店里装一个玻璃门面
05:48
They had thrown the old shutter
88
332409
2297
他们把旧的卷帘门
05:50
in the garbage collection place.
89
334706
2992
扔进垃圾回收处
05:53
"Why did you throw away the shutters?" I asked him.
90
337698
3560
我问他，“为什么把那些卷帘门扔掉呢？”
05:57
"Well, because the street is safer now," they answered.
91
341258
5232
他们回答道，“因为，这条街现在安全多了。”
06:02
"Safer? Why? They have posted more policemen here?"
92
346490
5568
“更安全了吗？是吗？他们派了更多的警察吧？”
06:07
"Come on, man! What policemen?
93
352058
2824
“我说，伙计，什么警察？
06:10
You can see it for yourself. There are colors,
94
354882
3092
你自己看看。这些色彩，
06:13
streetlights, new pavement with no potholes,
95
357974
5820
街灯，新铺的没有坑坑洼洼的路面，
06:19
trees. So it's beautiful; it's safe."
96
363794
4792
树木。又漂亮，又安全。”
06:24
And indeed, it was beauty that was giving people
97
368586
3944
事实上，是美给了人们
06:28
this feeling of being protected.
98
372530
4427
被保护的感觉
06:32
And this was not a misplaced feeling.
99
376957
3502
这不是一种情感错位
06:36
Crime did fall.
100
380459
4757
犯罪率降低了
06:41
The freedom that was won in 1990
101
385216
3346
1990年赢得的自由
06:44
brought about a state of anarchy in the city,
102
388562
4137
带来了城市的无政府状态
06:48
while the barbarism of the '90s
103
392699
2911
90年代的野蛮
06:51
brought about a loss of hope for the city.
104
395610
3482
导致城市失去了希望
06:54
The paint on the walls did not feed children,
105
399092
4270
墙上的图画不能喂饱孩子们
06:59
nor did it tend the sick or educate the ignorant,
106
403362
4064
也不会照顾病号或教育无知者
07:03
but it gave hope and light,
107
407426
3441
但是它带来了希望和光明
07:06
and helped to make people see
108
410867
2440
帮助人们看见
07:09
there could be a different way of doing things,
109
413307
3103
还有另外一种办法
07:12
a different spirit, a different feel to our lives,
110
416410
3911
另一种精神，另一种对生活的感受
07:16
and that if we brought the same energy and hope
111
420321
6219
如果我们能把这种同样的热情和希望
07:22
to our politics, we could build a better life
112
426540
4288
引入我们的政治，我们就能够
07:26
for each other and for our country.
113
430828
5195
给我们和我们的国家一个更好的生活
07:31
We removed 123,000 tons of concrete
114
436023
6850
单单从河边呀
07:38
only from the riverbanks.
115
442873
2607
我们就搬走了123，000吨的水泥
07:41
We demolished more than 5,000 illegal buildings
116
445480
5150
我们在整个城市拆毁了
07:46
all over the city,
117
450630
2982
5千多非法建筑
07:49
up to eight stories high, the tallest of them.
118
453612
4469
当中最高的有8层楼高
07:53
We planted 55,000 trees and bushes in the streets.
119
458081
6529
我们种植了5万5千棵树和灌木
08:00
We established a green tax,
120
464610
3083
我们设立了一项绿色税
08:03
and then everybody accepted it
121
467693
4030
每人都接受了
08:07
and all businessmen paid it regularly.
122
471723
4994
所有的生意人都定期纳税
08:12
By means of open competitions,
123
476717
2387
我们通过公开竞争
08:15
we managed to recruit in our administration
124
479104
2993
招募了我们的公务员
08:17
many young people,
125
482097
1995
当中有许多年轻人
08:19
and we thus managed to build
126
484092
1862
我们设法建立
08:21
a de-politicized public institution
127
485954
3271
一个去除政治化的公共机构
08:25
where men and women were equally represented.
128
489225
4520
在这里男女被平等对待
08:29
International organizations
129
493745
2542
国际组织
08:32
have invested a lot in Albania during these 20 years,
130
496287
3378
在这20年中在阿尔巴尼亚投了很多资金，
08:35
not all of it well spent.
131
499665
3232
有些没有被利用好
08:38
When I told the World Bank directors
132
502897
3128
当我告诉世界银行的董事们
08:41
that I wanted them to finance a project to build
133
506025
4913
我想让他们融资设立一个项目
08:46
a model reception hall for citizens
134
510938
2895
为市民建立一个符合标准的接待厅
08:49
precisely in order to fight endemic daily corruption,
135
513833
4160
正是为了打击地方腐败
08:53
they did not understand me.
136
517993
2250
他们并不理解我
08:56
But people were waiting in long queues
137
520243
3278
但人们在烈日下风雨里
08:59
under sun and under rain
138
523521
2923
排长队等候
09:02
in order to get a certificate or just a simple answer
139
526444
4225
只为了从那两个金属亭上的两个小窗口里
09:06
from two tiny windows of two metal kiosks.
140
530669
7438
拿到证明或区区一个答复
09:14
They were paying in order to skip the queue,
141
538107
4184
他们为了不排长队
09:18
the long queue.
142
542291
2356
就得付钱
09:20
The reply to their requests was met
143
544647
3963
他们得到的回答
09:24
by a voice coming from this dark hole,
144
548610
4701
就是来那个黑洞里
09:29
and, on the other hand,
145
553311
4242
同时
09:33
a mysterious hand coming out to take their documents
146
557553
5442
一只神秘的手拿走他们的文件
09:38
while searching through old documents for the bribe.
147
562995
5808
一边在查旧文件就是为了捞点贿赂
09:44
We could change the invisible clerks within the kiosks,
148
568803
4307
我们可以每星期更换小亭子里隐藏的工作人员
09:49
every week, but we could not change this corrupt practice.
149
573110
5639
但我们改变不了这种腐败的行为
09:54
"I'm convinced," I told a German official
150
578749
3774
我告诉一位世界银行的德国官员，
09:58
with the World Bank,
151
582523
2776
“我确信，
10:01
"that it would be impossible for them to be bribed
152
585299
3842
如果他们在德国工作
10:05
if they worked in Germany,
153
589141
2454
他们是不可能受贿的
10:07
in a German administration,
154
591595
1951
在德国政府
10:09
just as I am convinced that if you put German officials
155
593546
4406
正如我确信的，如果你把德国政府官员
10:13
from the German administration in those holes,
156
597952
3223
放进那些小亭里
10:17
they would be bribed just the same."
157
601175
4148
他们也会同样受贿。”
10:21
(Applause)
158
605323
6704
（掌声）
10:27
It's not about genes.
159
612027
1832
这不是基因的关系
10:29
It's not about some being with a high conscience
160
613859
5734
这不是说有些人有良知
10:35
and some others having not a conscience.
161
619593
2442
而另一些没有良知
10:37
It's about system, it's about organization.
162
622035
2772
这是体制问题，是组织问题
10:40
It's also about environment and respect.
163
624807
3260
也是环境问题和尊重问题
10:43
We removed the kiosks.
164
628067
2883
我们撤掉了这些小亭子
10:46
We built the bright new reception hall
165
630950
3696
建造了一个明亮的接待大厅
10:50
that made people, Tirana citizens,
166
634646
3571
使人们，地拉那的公民们
10:54
think they had traveled abroad when they entered
167
638217
3686
感觉他们到了这里像是到了国外
10:57
to make their requests.
168
641903
2424
去办他们的请求
11:00
We created an online system of control
169
644327
3444
我们设立了一个在线控制系统
11:03
and so speeded up all the processes.
170
647771
3916
以加快流程
11:07
We put the citizen first, and not the clerks.
171
651687
4656
我们以公民优先，而不是公务员
11:12
The corruption in the state administration
172
656343
4204
这种腐败现象
11:16
of countries like Albania --
173
660547
2700
在像阿尔吉尼亚这样的国家政府
11:19
it's not up to me to say also like Greece --
174
663247
4176
或者希腊，这不该由我来说
11:23
can be fought only by modernization.
175
667423
5380
可以用现代化的方式来解决
11:28
Reinventing the government by reinventing politics itself
176
672803
4752
通过重塑政治本身来重塑政府
11:33
is the answer, and not reinventing people
177
677555
3519
这就是答案，而不是用一个现成的公式
11:36
based on a ready-made formula
178
681074
2648
来改造人民
11:39
that the developed world often tries in vain to impose
179
683722
4256
就像发展中国家经常尝试强加于人民的那样
11:43
to people like us.
180
687978
2106
但徒劳无益
11:45
(Applause)
181
690084
2707
（掌声)
11:48
Things have come to this point
182
692791
1984
事到如今
11:50
because politicians in general,
183
694775
2492
大部分政客们
11:53
but especially in our countries, let's face it,
184
697267
2896
尤其在我们国家，承认吧
11:56
think people are stupid.
185
700163
2463
他们认为民众很蠢。
11:58
They take it for granted that, come what may,
186
702626
3544
他们理所当然认为，不管发生什么
12:02
people have to follow them,
187
706170
2212
民众必须跟从他们
12:04
while politics, more and more, fails to offer answers
188
708382
4094
政治越来越不能够为
12:08
for their public concerns
189
712476
4023
公众关注的
12:12
or the exigencies of the common people.
190
716499
4671
或人们亟待解决的问题提供答案
12:17
Politics has come to resemble
191
721170
2802
政治也越来越像
12:19
a cynical team game played by politicians,
192
723972
3486
一场由愤世嫉俗的政客们操弄的分组游戏
12:23
while the public has been pushed aside
193
727458
3929
公众被放置一边
12:27
as if sitting on the seats of a stadium
194
731387
3887
就像坐在球场的席位上
12:31
in which passion for politics
195
735274
1850
对政治的热情
12:33
is gradually making room for blindness and desperation.
196
737124
5609
逐渐被盲目和绝望取代
12:38
Seen from those stairs, all politicians today
197
742733
4894
从这个角度来看
12:43
seem the same,
198
747627
1963
当今所有的政客们看上去是一样的
12:45
and politics has come to resemble
199
749590
4637
政治就类似于
12:50
a sport that inspires more aggressiveness
200
754227
4601
一项激发更多进攻主义和厌世情绪的运动
12:54
and pessimism than social cohesion
201
758828
3312
而不是激发社会凝聚力
12:58
and the desire for civic protaganism.
202
762140
4273
和对市民主权的欲望
13:02
Barack Obama won
203
766413
2026
巴拉克·奥巴马赢了
13:04
— (Applause) —
204
768439
6277
--（掌声）--
13:10
because he mobilized people as never before
205
774716
3563
因为他通过使用社交媒体
13:14
through the use of social networks.
206
778279
2533
来动员民众，这是前所未有的
13:16
He did not know each and every one of them,
207
780812
3113
他并不认识每一个人
13:19
but with an admirable ingenuity,
208
783925
3870
但借助令人钦佩的独创性
13:23
he managed to transform them into activists
209
787795
3380
他把他们变成行动派
13:27
by giving them all the possibility to hold in their hands
210
791175
4129
让他们把任何可能为他赢得竞选的资源
13:31
the arguments and the instruments that each would need
211
795304
3594
握在手里
13:34
to campaign in his name by making his own campaign.
212
798898
4793
用他的名义为他奔走
13:39
I tweet. I love it.
213
803691
2055
我推特，我喜欢！
13:41
I love it because it lets me get the message out,
214
805746
5369
我喜欢它因为它把我的信息传出去
13:47
but it also lets people get their messages to me.
215
811115
4267
但也得到人们的消息
13:51
This is politics, not from top down,
216
815382
2992
这是政治，不是自上而下
13:54
but from the bottom up, and sideways,
217
818374
3224
而是自下而上地，甚至斜向地
13:57
and allowing everybody's voice to be heard
218
821598
2992
允许每个人的声音都被听到
14:00
is exactly what we need.
219
824590
1960
这就是我们所要的
14:02
Politics is not just about leaders.
220
826550
2054
政治不光是与领袖有关
14:04
It's not just about politicians and laws.
221
828604
2761
不只是政客和法律
14:07
It is about how people think,
222
831365
1968
它是关乎民众的想法
14:09
how they view the world around them,
223
833333
2335
他们如何来看待周围的世界
14:11
how they use their time and their energy.
224
835668
2526
如何利用他们的时间和能源
14:14
When people say all politicians are the same,
225
838194
2516
当人们讲政客都是一个样时
14:16
ask yourself if Obama was the same as Bush,
226
840710
3280
请扪心自问奥巴马和布什是否一样
14:19
if François Hollande is the same as Sarkozy.
227
843990
3575
弗朗索瓦·奥朗德和萨科齐是否一样
14:23
They are not. They are human beings with different views
228
847565
4704
他们不一样。他们观点不同
14:28
and different visions for the world.
229
852269
2582
世界观也不同
14:30
When people say nothing can change,
230
854851
2898
当人们说什么都不会改变时
14:33
just stop and think what the world was like
231
857749
4064
只要停下来想一想
14:37
10, 20, 50, 100 years ago.
232
861813
4632
10年前，20年前，50年前，100年前这个世界是什么样子
14:42
Our world is defined by the pace of change.
233
866445
3116
我们的世界是根据变化来定义的
14:45
We can all change the world.
234
869561
2804
我们都能够改变世界
14:48
I gave you a very small example
235
872365
2876
我给了你们一个小例子
14:51
of how one thing, the use of color,
236
875241
3501
一个如何通过颜色
14:54
can make change happen.
237
878742
2511
来产生变化的例子
14:57
I want to make more change
238
881253
1363
作为我们国家总理
14:58
as Prime Minister of my country,
239
882616
2788
我想做更多改变
15:01
but every single one of you can make change happen
240
885404
4322
但是如果你想做
15:05
if you want to.
241
889726
1593
你们每个人都会让改变发生
15:07
President Roosevelt, he said,
242
891319
3125
罗斯福总统说过，
15:10
"Believe you can, and you are halfway there."
243
894444
3673
"相信你可以，你就成功了一半。”
15:14
Efharisto and kalinihta.
244
898117
3067
谢谢，晚安
15:17
(Applause)
245
901184
19703
(掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edi Rama - PoliticianFrom 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people.
Why you should listen
Edi Rama has been in politics since the start of the 21st century, but before that he was a painter. It was this deep affinity for light and color that informed Rama's time as mayor of Tirana, when he literally painted the town ... every color. Rama is best known for the removal of government kiosks all over the city, thus cutting down on endemic bribery, and for the establishment of a modern new reception hall for citizens with paperwork requests. Rama's administration also demolished thousands of illegal buildings, removed hundreds of thousands of tons of concrete from riverbanks, and planted thousands of trees and bushes all over the city. Rama continues to serve as a leader of the Socialist Party of Albania.
Edi Rama | Speaker | TED.com