TED2018
Will Marshall: The mission to create a searchable database of Earth's surface
威尔 · 马歇尔: 创造地球表面可检索数据库的任务
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
1,655,705 views
你能想象像搜索互联网一样搜索地球表面吗？ 马歇尔和他在Planet的团队将使用世界上最大的卫星舰队，每天对整个地球进行成像。现在他们正在开启一个新项目：使用AI来记录地球上所有物体随时间的变化——这可能使船只，树木，房屋和地球上的其他一切变得都可以搜索，就像搜索谷歌一样。他分享了一个愿景，即这个数据库如何能够生动地记录全球范围内发生的巨大物理变化。 “你无法修复你看不到的东西，”马歇尔说，“我们希望为人们提供改变和采取行动的工具。”
Will Marshall - Space scientist
At Planet, Will Marshall leads overall strategy for commercializing new geospatial data and analytics that are disrupting agriculture, mapping, energy, the environment and other vertical markets. Full bio
At Planet, Will Marshall leads overall strategy for commercializing new geospatial data and analytics that are disrupting agriculture, mapping, energy, the environment and other vertical markets. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Four years ago, here at TED,
0
761
2215
4年前，就在TED的讲台上，
00:15
I announced Planet's Mission 1:
1
3000
2336
我公布了地球任务1号：
00:17
to launch a fleet of satellites
2
5360
1856
一个为了每天拍摄地球全貌
00:19
that would image
the entire Earth, every day,
the entire Earth, every day,
3
7240
2280
而发射一系列卫星的任务，
00:22
and to democratize access to it.
4
10560
1640
并让大众能获得这些信息。
00:25
The problem we were trying
to solve was simple.
to solve was simple.
5
13520
2216
我们要解决的问题很简单，
网上你能找到的卫星
图片很旧，甚至早就过时了，
图片很旧，甚至早就过时了，
00:27
Satellite imagery you find online is old,
typically years old,
typically years old,
6
15760
3096
但是人类活动每天、
每周、每月都在发生，
每周、每月都在发生，
00:30
yet human activity was happening
on days and weeks and months,
on days and weeks and months,
7
18880
3936
我们不能解决自己看不见的问题。
00:34
and you can't fix what you can't see.
8
22840
2256
我们想要给人们工具去
看见变化，并且采取行动。
看见变化，并且采取行动。
00:37
We wanted to give people the tools
to see that change and take action.
to see that change and take action.
9
25120
3776
阿波罗17号的宇航员在1972年
照下了美丽的蓝色星球图片，
照下了美丽的蓝色星球图片，
00:40
The beautiful Blue Marble image,
taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts in 1972
taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts in 1972
10
28920
4936
帮助人们了解到，我们生活在
一个脆弱的星球上。
一个脆弱的星球上。
00:45
had helped humanity become aware
that we're on a fragile planet.
that we're on a fragile planet.
11
33880
3280
00:49
And we wanted to take it
to the next level,
to the next level,
12
37600
2056
我们想要继续这项事业，
为人们提供保护地球的工具。
00:51
to give people the tools
to take action, to take care of it.
to take action, to take care of it.
13
39680
3456
在完成了多个我们自己的阿波罗任务，
00:55
Well, after many
Apollo projects of our own,
Apollo projects of our own,
14
43160
4056
发射了人类历史上数量
最多的一组卫星后，
最多的一组卫星后，
00:59
launching the largest fleet
of satellites in human history,
of satellites in human history,
15
47240
2960
01:03
we have reached our target.
16
51600
1520
我们完成了既定目标。
01:06
Today, Planet images
the entire Earth, every single day.
the entire Earth, every single day.
17
54080
3656
今天，Planet每天都在
记录着地球的全貌。
记录着地球的全貌。
任务完成。
01:09
Mission accomplished.
18
57760
1216
（掌声）
01:11
(Applause)
19
59000
2536
谢谢。
01:13
Thank you.
20
61560
1200
01:15
It's taken 21 rocket launches --
21
63600
3976
这个任务经历了21次火箭发射——
这个动画让整个过程看起来
很轻松——但事实并非如此。
很轻松——但事实并非如此。
01:19
this animation makes it look
really simple -- it was not.
really simple -- it was not.
22
67600
4160
01:25
And we now have
over 200 satellites in orbit,
over 200 satellites in orbit,
23
73040
3456
现在我们有超过200个卫星
在轨道上环绕运行，
在轨道上环绕运行，
将搜集到的数据发送到31个全球站点。
01:28
downlinking their data to 31 ground
stations we built around the planet.
stations we built around the planet.
24
76520
3936
每天，我们总计得到150万张
29兆像素的地球表面图片。
29兆像素的地球表面图片。
01:32
In total, we get 1.5 million 29-megapixel
images of the Earth down each day.
images of the Earth down each day.
25
80480
6296
并且，在地球表面任意一点，
01:38
And on any one location
of the Earth's surface,
of the Earth's surface,
26
86800
2416
我们现在拥有平均超过500张图片。
01:41
we now have on average
more than 500 images.
more than 500 images.
27
89240
3496
01:44
A deep stack of data,
documenting immense change.
documenting immense change.
28
92760
3880
一组巨大的数据，
记录着巨大的改变。
记录着巨大的改变。
01:49
And lots of people are using this imagery.
29
97320
2536
很多人在使用这些图片。
农业企业用他们来提高农民的产量。
01:51
Agricultural companies are using it
to improve farmers' crop yields.
to improve farmers' crop yields.
30
99880
5136
商业地图公司用他们来
提高地图的精度。
提高地图的精度。
01:57
Consumer-mapping companies are using it
to improve the maps you find online.
to improve the maps you find online.
31
105040
4176
政府用他们来监管边疆安全，
02:01
Governments are using it
for border security
for border security
32
109240
2096
或是应对自然灾害，
比如洪水、火灾或地震。
比如洪水、火灾或地震。
02:03
or helping with disaster response
after floods and fires and earthquakes.
after floods and fires and earthquakes.
33
111360
3680
02:08
And lots of NGOs are using it.
34
116320
1536
很多非政府组织也在用它们
去追踪并阻止森林砍伐，
02:09
So, for tracking
and stopping deforestation.
and stopping deforestation.
35
117880
3416
帮助找到逃离缅甸的难民，
02:13
Or helping to find the refugees
fleeing Myanmar.
fleeing Myanmar.
36
121320
3536
或追踪叙利亚危机中的活动，
02:16
Or to track all the activities
in the ongoing crisis in Syria,
in the ongoing crisis in Syria,
37
124880
4376
以令各方势力负责。
02:21
holding all sides accountable.
38
129280
1680
02:24
And today, I'm pleased
to announce Planet stories.
to announce Planet stories.
39
132640
3456
今天，我有幸能够宣布
Planet stories的上线。
Planet stories的上线。
任何人都可以登陆planet.com，
02:28
Anyone can go online to planet.com
40
136120
2296
创建一个账户，就能
在网上看到所有的图片。
在网上看到所有的图片。
02:30
open an account and see
all of our imagery online.
all of our imagery online.
41
138440
3240
02:34
It's a bit like Google Earth,
except it's up-to-date imagery,
except it's up-to-date imagery,
42
142480
3096
这是一个实时版的
Google Earth，
Google Earth，
你还可以看到历史数据。
02:37
and you can see back through time.
43
145600
2680
02:41
You can compare any two days
44
149040
1696
你可以比较任何两天，
然后发现我们的星球
发生的巨大改变。
发生的巨大改变。
02:42
and see the dramatic changes
that happen around our planet.
that happen around our planet.
45
150760
2880
02:46
Or you can create a time lapse
through the 500 images that we have
through the 500 images that we have
46
154560
3400
或者你可以用这500张照片
创造一个延时视频，
创造一个延时视频，
02:50
and see that change
dramatically over time.
dramatically over time.
47
158600
2560
去显示该地点随着时间
发生的巨大变化，
发生的巨大变化，
02:54
And you can share these over social media.
48
162000
2720
你还可以把它们
分享到社交网络上。
分享到社交网络上。
02:57
It's pretty cool.
49
165520
1216
很强大的工具。
（掌声）
02:58
(Applause)
50
166760
1216
谢谢。
03:00
Thank you.
51
168000
1200
03:02
We initially created this tool
for news journalists,
for news journalists,
52
170440
2456
我们最初为新闻工作者
创造了这个工具，
创造了这个工具，
因为他们想得到对于世界
不带偏见的信息。
不带偏见的信息。
03:04
who wanted to get unbiased information
about world events.
about world events.
53
172920
2736
但现在我们把它向公众开放，
03:07
But now we've opened it up
for anyone to use,
for anyone to use,
54
175680
2216
作为非盈利或个人用途。
03:09
for nonprofit or personal uses.
55
177920
2000
03:12
And we hope it will give people the tools
to find and see the changes on the planet
to find and see the changes on the planet
56
180600
4416
我们希望这个工具能够让人们
发现地球发生的变化，
发现地球发生的变化，
并做出改变。
03:17
and take action.
57
185040
1200
03:18
OK, so humanity now has this database
of information about the planet,
of information about the planet,
58
186920
4256
那么人类现在有了这个不断变化的
03:23
changing over time.
59
191200
1216
地球数据库。
我们的下一个任务是什么呢？
03:24
What's our next mission, what's Mission 2?
60
192440
2056
简而言之，
就是空间加上人工智能。
就是空间加上人工智能。
03:26
In short, it's space plus AI.
61
194520
2440
03:29
What we're doing
with artificial intelligence
with artificial intelligence
62
197720
2176
我们利用人工智能
检索卫星图片中的事物。
03:31
is finding the objects
in all the satellite images.
in all the satellite images.
63
199920
3096
网上用来在视频中标记猫狗的AI工具，
03:35
The same AI tools that are used
to find cats in videos online
to find cats in videos online
64
203040
4536
同样可以用来处理我们的照片。
03:39
can also be used to find
information on our pictures.
information on our pictures.
65
207600
3896
想象这里有艘船，这里有棵树，
03:43
So, imagine if you can say,
this is a ship, this is a tree,
this is a ship, this is a tree,
66
211520
3336
这是辆车，这是条路，
这是个大楼，这是个卡车。
这是个大楼，这是个卡车。
03:46
this is a car, this is a road,
this is a building, this is a truck.
this is a building, this is a truck.
67
214880
4376
如果你能够对
每天产生的几百万张图片
每天产生的几百万张图片
03:51
And if you could do that
for all of the millions of images
for all of the millions of images
68
219280
2736
这样处理，
03:54
coming down per day,
69
222040
1256
就基本上创造出了一个数据库，
03:55
then you basically create a database
70
223320
1736
包含了地球上每天存在的有形事物。
03:57
of all the sizable objects
on the planet, every day.
on the planet, every day.
71
225080
2656
并且这个数据库是可以被搜索的。
03:59
And that database is searchable.
72
227760
1560
04:02
So that's exactly what we're doing.
73
230520
2096
这就是我们在做的事。
这是一个使用了我们API的原型。
04:04
Here's a prototype, working on our API.
74
232640
2256
这是北京。
04:06
This is Beijing.
75
234920
1456
如果我们想要统计机场的飞机数量，
04:08
So, imagine if we wanted
to count the planes in the airport.
to count the planes in the airport.
76
236400
2856
只需要选择机场，
04:11
We select the airport,
77
239280
1856
程序就会检索出今天照片中的飞机，
04:13
and it finds the planes in today's image,
78
241160
2376
和以前所有照片中的飞机，
04:15
and finds the planes
in the whole stack of images before it,
in the whole stack of images before it,
79
243560
3256
然后它生成了这张标记了
北京机场飞机的统计图。
北京机场飞机的统计图。
04:18
and then outputs this graph of all
the planes in Beijing airport over time.
the planes in Beijing airport over time.
80
246840
4896
当然，你可以对世界上
任何一个机场这样操作。
任何一个机场这样操作。
04:23
Of course, you could do this
for all the airports around the world.
for all the airports around the world.
81
251760
3576
让我们来看看温哥华的一个港口。
04:27
And let's look here
in the port of Vancouver.
in the port of Vancouver.
82
255360
2936
我们用同样的流程来统计船只。
04:30
So, we would do the same,
but this time we would look for vessels.
but this time we would look for vessels.
83
258320
3536
放大并选中温和华，搜索这片区域，
04:33
So, we zoom in on Vancouver,
we select the area,
we select the area,
84
261880
4136
然后我们搜索船只，
04:38
and we search for ships.
85
266040
2056
就会得到船只的情况。
04:40
And it outputs where all the ships are.
86
268120
1858
想象一下这将为负责
追踪并组织非法捕鱼的
追踪并组织非法捕鱼的
04:42
Now, imagine how useful this would be
to people in coast guards
to people in coast guards
87
270002
3214
海岸保卫人员提供多么大的帮助。
04:45
who are trying to track
and stop illegal fishing.
and stop illegal fishing.
88
273240
2736
合法的捕鱼船只
04:48
See, legal fishing vessels
89
276000
2056
用AIS灯塔传达他们的位置，
04:50
transmit their locations
using AIS beacons.
using AIS beacons.
90
278080
2936
但我们经常发现违反规则的船只。
04:53
But we frequently find ships
that are not doing that.
that are not doing that.
91
281040
3616
图片不会撒谎。
04:56
The pictures don't lie.
92
284680
1776
所以，海岸保卫人员可以利用这个信息
04:58
And so, coast guards could use that
93
286480
1696
来发现非法船只。
05:00
and go and find
those illegal fishing vessels.
those illegal fishing vessels.
94
288200
2176
我们将会很快加入不局限于
05:02
And soon we'll add
not just ships and planes
not just ships and planes
95
290400
2176
飞机船只的其他对象，
05:04
but all the other objects,
96
292600
1296
并且我们可以生成这些地点的
05:05
and we can output data feeds
97
293920
1896
对象数据流，
05:07
of those locations
of all these objects over time
of all these objects over time
98
295840
2536
从人们的工作流程中
进行数字化集成。
进行数字化集成。
05:10
that can be integrated digitally
from people's work flows.
from people's work flows.
99
298400
3056
未来我们还可以建立一个
更复杂的浏览器，
更复杂的浏览器，
05:13
In time, we could get
more sophisticated browsers
more sophisticated browsers
100
301480
3056
让人们放入不同来源的信息。
05:16
that people pull in
from different sources.
from different sources.
101
304560
2336
但是最终，我们可以把图像完全抽象化，
05:18
But ultimately, I can imagine us
abstracting out the imagery entirely
abstracting out the imagery entirely
102
306920
4696
产生一个可检索的地球表面界面。
05:23
and just having a queryable
interface to the Earth.
interface to the Earth.
103
311640
2416
想象一下我们可以这样问，
05:26
Imagine if we could just ask,
104
314080
1416
“巴基斯坦有多少栋楼房？
05:27
"Hey, how many houses
are there in Pakistan?
are there in Pakistan?
105
315520
2536
对时间做个统计图。”
05:30
Give me a plot of that versus time."
106
318080
1936
“亚马逊有多少树？
05:32
"How many trees are there in the Amazon
107
320040
2176
还有从上周到这周
05:34
and can you tell me the locations
of the trees that have been felled
of the trees that have been felled
108
322240
3216
倒下的树的地点？”
05:37
between this week and last week?"
109
325480
1656
这不是很棒吗？
05:39
Wouldn't that be great?
110
327160
1216
这就是我们想要达到的目标，
05:40
Well, that's what
we're trying to go towards,
we're trying to go towards,
111
328400
2136
我们叫它“可检索地球”。
05:42
and we call it "Queryable Earth."
112
330560
1856
地球任务1号负责
每天记录地球表面的图像，
每天记录地球表面的图像，
05:44
So, Planet's Mission 1 was
to image the whole planet every day
to image the whole planet every day
113
332440
3896
并对大众开放。
05:48
and make it accessible.
114
336360
2336
地球任务2号负责
对地球上所有事物编码，
对地球上所有事物编码，
05:50
Planet's Mission 2 is to index
all the objects on the planet over time
all the objects on the planet over time
115
338720
3816
生成检索信息。
05:54
and make it queryable.
116
342560
1240
05:56
Let me leave you with an analogy.
117
344760
2136
不妨这样类比，
Google把互联网上的事物编码，
建立了搜索引擎，
建立了搜索引擎，
05:58
Google indexed what's on the internet
and made it searchable.
and made it searchable.
118
346920
3400
06:03
Well, we're indexing what's on the Earth
and making it searchable.
and making it searchable.
119
351080
3256
我们要将地球上所有事物编码，
同样方便大家查询。
同样方便大家查询。
非常感谢！
06:06
Thank you very much.
120
354360
1336
（掌声）
06:07
(Applause)
121
355720
4520
Translated by Homer Li
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Marshall - Space scientistAt Planet, Will Marshall leads overall strategy for commercializing new geospatial data and analytics that are disrupting agriculture, mapping, energy, the environment and other vertical markets.
Why you should listen
Will Marshall is the co-founder and CEO of Planet. Prior to Planet, he was a Scientist at NASA/USRA where he worked on missions "LADEE" and "LCROSS," served as co-principal investigator on PhoneSat, and was the technical lead on research projects in space debris remediation.
Marshall received his PhD in Physics from the University of Oxford and his Masters in Physics with Space Science and Technology from the University of Leicester. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at George Washington University and Harvard.
Will Marshall | Speaker | TED.com