TED@Unilever
Myriam Sidibe: The simple power of hand-washing
米利亚姆 西德贝: 简单的洗手创造强大的力量
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Readability: 3.7
1,150,960 views
Myriam Sidibe is a warrior in the fight against childhood disease. Her weapon of choice? A bar of soap. For cost-effective prevention against sickness, it’s hard to beat soapy hand-washing, which cuts down risk of pneumonia, diarrhea, cholera and worse. Sidibe, a public-health expert, makes a smart case for public-private partnerships to promote clean hands — and local, sustainable entrepreneurship.
Myriam Sidibe - Public-health expert
Dr. Myriam Sidibe promotes hand-washing with soap, setting up partnerships with governments, companies and communities to promote this simple, cheap, powerful disease-fighting tactic. Full bio
Dr. Myriam Sidibe promotes hand-washing with soap, setting up partnerships with governments, companies and communities to promote this simple, cheap, powerful disease-fighting tactic. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So imagine that a plane is about to crash
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让我们想象一下，一架飞机将要坠毁，
00:18
with 250 children and babies,
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上面有250个孩童和婴儿，
00:21
and if you knew how to stop that, would you?
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如果你知道该怎么去阻止这件事发生，你会去做吗？
00:24
Now imagine
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再想象一下，
00:26
that 60 planes full of babies under five
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60架飞机上满是年龄五岁以下的孩童，
00:30
crash every single day.
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而这60架飞机每天坠毁一次，
00:33
That's the number of kids
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那些孩子们，
00:35
that never make it to their fifth birthday.
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都是从来没有过过五岁生日的孩子。
00:37
6.6 million children
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660万个孩子啊，
00:40
never make it to their fifth birthday.
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他们都从没有经历过自己第五个生日。
00:44
Most of these deaths are preventable,
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大部分这样的死亡都是可以避免的，
00:46
and that doesn't just make me sad,
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这不仅仅使我感到伤心，
00:48
it makes me angry,
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更加使我愤怒，
00:50
and it makes me determined.
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并且使我下定决心要做些什么
00:52
Diarrhea and pneumonia
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痢疾（腹泻）和急性肺炎
00:54
are among the top two killers
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正是杀害不满五岁孩童的
00:56
of children under five,
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罪魁祸首
00:58
and what we can do to prevent these diseases
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而我们为了预防这些疾病所能做的
01:01
isn't some smart,
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并不是某些先进
01:03
new technological innovations.
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新颖的科技发明。
01:06
It's one of the world's oldest inventions:
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这其实是世界上最古老的一种发明之一：
01:11
a bar of soap.
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一块肥皂。
01:14
Washing hands with soap,
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用肥皂洗手，
01:16
a habit we all take for granted,
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一个我们都认为理所当然的习惯，
01:18
can reduce diarrhea by half,
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可以减少一半的痢疾
01:20
can reduce respiratory infections by one third.
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以及减少三分之一的呼吸传染。
01:24
Handwashing with soap
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用肥皂洗手
01:26
can have an impact
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可以减少
01:27
on reducing flu, trachoma, SARS,
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流感，颗粒性结膜炎（沙眼），SARS（非典）
01:32
and most recently in the case of cholera
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还有近年来的霍乱
01:35
and Ebola outbreak,
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埃博拉病毒的爆发，
01:37
one of the key interventions
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最重要的预防措施之一就是
01:39
is handwashing with soap.
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用肥皂洗手。
01:42
Handwashing with soap keeps kids in school.
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用肥皂洗手可以使孩子们健康的在学校读书。
01:45
It stops babies from dying.
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并且让婴儿不再早夭。
01:48
Handwashing with soap
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用肥皂洗手
01:50
is one of the most cost-effective
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是最经济的方法之一
01:53
ways of saving children's lives.
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来拯救孩子们的生命。
01:55
It can save over 600,000 children every year.
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它每年可以拯救超过60万个生命。
01:59
That's the equivalent of stopping
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这相当于阻止
02:02
10 jumbo jets
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10架满载着
02:04
full of babies and children
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婴儿和小孩的客机
02:06
from crashing every single day.
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每天阻止它们坠毁。
02:08
I think you'll agree with me that that's a pretty
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我相信你们会和我一样
02:11
useful public health intervention.
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觉得这是一个非常有用的公共健康预防措施。
02:14
So now just take a minute.
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所以现在花一分钟的时间，
02:17
I think you need to get to
know the person next to you.
know the person next to you.
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请你们和邻座的人相互认识一下。
02:19
Why don't you just shake their hands.
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你们为什么不握手呢？
02:21
Please shake their hands.
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请握住对方的手。
02:23
All right, get to know each other.
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好，现在互相认识一下。
02:24
They look really pretty.
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他（她）看起来真漂亮，对吧。
02:26
All right.
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那么好
02:28
So what if I told you
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如果现在我告诉你
02:30
that the person whose hands you just shook
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你刚刚握手的那个人
02:33
actually didn't wash their hands
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在他们走出洗手间的时候
02:34
when they were coming out of the toilet?
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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实际上并没有洗手......（笑）
02:37
They don't look so pretty anymore, right?
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现在他们看起来没有那么漂亮了，是吧？
02:40
Pretty yucky, you would agree with me.
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非常恶心，你们和我想的一样。
02:44
Well, statistics are actually showing
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统计数据显示
02:45
that four people out of five
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世界上
02:48
don't wash their hands when
they come out of the toilet,
they come out of the toilet,
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五个人中有四个人
02:50
globally.
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在用完洗手间之后都不洗手
02:52
And the same way,
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并且同样的，
02:54
we don't do it when we've got fancy toilets,
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在我们进入有自来水，有肥皂提供的
02:57
running water, and soap available,
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豪华洗手间时也不洗手。
02:59
it's the same thing in the countries
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并且在乡村也是这样，
03:01
where child mortality is really high.
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那里孩子的死亡率非常高。
03:05
What is it? Is there no soap?
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这是为什么？没有肥皂吗？
03:07
Actually, soap is available.
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实际上，有肥皂。
03:09
In 90 percent of households in India,
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在印度百分之九十家庭，
03:13
94 percent of households in Kenya,
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在肯尼亚百分之九十四的家庭，
03:16
you will find soap.
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都有肥皂。
03:17
Even in countries where soap is the lowest,
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甚至在肥皂拥有率最低的乡村，
03:21
like Ethiopia, we are at 50 percent.
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像埃塞俄比亚，都有百分之五十。
03:24
So why is it?
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那么为什么会这样呢？
03:26
Why aren't people washing their hands?
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人们为什么都不洗手了？
03:29
Why is it that Mayank,
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马扬克
03:31
this young boy that I met in India,
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我在印度认识的一个男孩
03:33
isn't washing his hands?
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为什么他不洗手呢？
03:35
Well, in Mayank's family,
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在马扬克的家中，
03:38
soap is used for bathing,
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肥皂用来洗澡，
03:40
soap is used for laundry,
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用来洗衣服，
03:42
soap is used for washing dishes.
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用来洗碗。
03:45
His parents think sometimes
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有时他的父母认为
03:47
it's a precious commodity,
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肥皂是一个珍贵的日用品，
03:48
so they'll keep it in a cupboard.
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所以他们会把肥皂放在碗柜里。
03:51
They'll keep it away from him so he doesn't waste it.
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不让马扬克碰肥仔以免他浪费了肥皂。
03:53
On average, in Mayank's family,
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通常来说，在马扬克的家里，
03:56
they will use soap for washing hands
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他们会用肥皂洗手
03:58
once a day
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一天一次
03:59
at the very best, and sometimes
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这样算好的，有时甚至
04:02
even once a week for washing hands with soap.
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一个星期才用肥皂洗一次手。
04:05
What's the result of that?
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那么这样的后果是什么?
04:07
Children pick up disease
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孩子们在家里会染上疾病
04:09
in the place that's supposed to love them
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在这个本该最给他们关爱
04:11
and protect them the most, in their homes.
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最能保护他们的地方。
04:15
Think about where you learned to wash your hands.
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回想一下你是在哪里学会洗手的，
04:18
Did you learn to wash your hands at home?
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你是在家学会的吗
04:21
Did you learn to wash your hands in school?
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你是在学校学会的洗手的吗？
04:24
I think behavioral scientists will tell you
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行为学家会告诉你：
04:26
that it's very difficult to change the habits
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想要改掉一个
04:29
that you have had early in life.
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在你小时候养成的习惯很难。
04:34
However, we all copy what everyone else does,
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但是，我们总会跟着大流改变，
04:36
and local cultural norms are something
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并且当地的文化也会
04:39
that shape how we change our behavior,
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对我们习惯的形成产生影响，
04:42
and this is where the private sector comes in.
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下面我们就讲到肥皂的销售。
04:45
Every second in Asia and Africa,
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在亚洲和非洲
04:49
111 mothers
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几乎每秒都有111位母亲
04:52
will buy this bar to protect their family.
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会购买肥皂来保护她们的家人。
04:56
Many women in India will tell you
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许多印度的妈妈会告诉你
04:58
they learned all about hygiene, diseases,
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她们从Lifebuoy的肥皂中（联合利华肥皂品牌）
05:00
from this bar of soap from Lifebuoy brand.
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了解了卫生学，和疾病学
05:04
Iconic brands like this one
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像这样的标志性品牌
05:05
have a responsibility to do good
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有责任
05:07
in the places where they sell their products.
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把他们售卖的产品做好
05:10
It's that belief, plus the scale of Unilever,
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正是这样的信任，还有联合利华的规模
05:13
that allows us to keep talking about
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使我们和这些妈妈们讨论
05:15
handwashing with soap and
hygiene to these mothers.
hygiene to these mothers.
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用肥皂洗手和卫生。
05:19
Big businesses and brands can change
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大公司和大品牌可以改变
05:23
and shift those social norms
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一些社会习俗
05:25
and make a difference for those habits
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并且使一些习惯发生改变
05:27
that are so stubborn.
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这些习惯实在是太难改变了。
05:29
Think about it:
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想一想：
05:30
Marketeers spend all their time
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商人们一直想尽办法
05:34
making us switch from one brand to the other.
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让我们从一个品牌换到另一个品牌。
05:38
And actually, they know how to transform
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并且事实上，他们知道如何将科技
05:41
science and facts into compelling messages.
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转换成激发人们兴趣的信息。
05:44
Just for a minute, imagine
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用一分钟的时间想象一下，
05:46
when they put all their forces behind
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商人们用尽全力地传递
05:49
a message as powerful as handwashing with soap.
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一个有力地信息：用肥皂洗手。
05:51
The profit motive is transforming health outcomes
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这样做的动机就是
05:54
in this world.
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改善这个世界的卫生与健康。
05:56
But it's been happening for centuries:
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但是商家们这么做已经有几个世纪了：
05:58
the Lifebuoy brand was launched in 1894
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Lifebuoy这个品牌1894年建立，
06:02
in Victorian England
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在维多利亚女王时代的英国，
06:03
to actually combat cholera.
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当时是为了抵抗霍乱。
06:06
Last week, I was in Ghana
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上个星期，我在加纳（非洲西部国家），
06:08
with the minister of health,
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和卫生部长在一起，
06:10
because if you don't know,
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因为在当时，你们可能不知道，
06:11
there's a cholera outbreak in Ghana at the moment.
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那里霍乱正在爆发。
06:13
A hundred and eighteen years later,
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118年之后，
06:16
the solution is exactly the same:
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解决方案仍旧是一样的：
06:17
It's about ensuring that they have access
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就是确保人人都能用到
06:20
to this bar of soap,
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肥皂，
06:21
and that they're using it,
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并且人们确实在使用它，
06:23
because that's the number one way
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因为这是预防霍乱传播的
06:25
to actually stop cholera from spreading.
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首要方法。
06:28
I think this drive for profit
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我想这个利益驱动所带来的好处
06:31
is extremely powerful,
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是非常可观的，
06:33
sometimes more powerful than
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有时甚至超过了
06:34
the most committed charity or government.
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那些承担着最多任务的慈善机构和政府。
06:37
Government is doing what they can,
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政府也在尽全力做他们能做的事，
06:39
especially in terms of the pandemics
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尤其是发生全球流行病的时候
06:43
and epidemics such as cholera,
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比如霍乱，
06:45
or Ebola at the moment,
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或者现在正在肆虐的埃博拉，
06:47
but with competing priorities.
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政府更有竞争力
06:49
The budget is not always there.
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但是预算并不是那么简单。
06:52
And when you think about this,
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我们想一下
06:53
you think about what is required
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能够使每天洗手成为一个习惯
06:56
to make handwashing a daily habit,
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所需要的经费
06:58
it requires sustained funding
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它需要持久地提供资金
07:02
to refine this behavior.
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来巩固这种有益的行为。
07:05
In short, those that fight for public health
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总之，那些旨在改善公共卫生的组织
07:09
are actually dependent upon the soap companies
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实际上是依赖于肥皂商家
07:12
to keep promoting handwashing with soap.
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才能推广用肥皂洗手的。
07:15
We have friends like USAID,
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我们有USAID（美国国际开发总署），
07:18
the Global Public-Private Partnership
for Handwashing with Soap,
for Handwashing with Soap,
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是世界性的公私合作模式
07:22
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
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还有伦敦卫生和热带医药学院，
07:24
Plan, WaterAid,
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还有Plan, WaterAid(旨在给贫穷地区人们用水的世界性组织)，
07:25
that all believe
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都坚信着
07:27
for a win-win-win partnership.
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三赢的合作关系。
07:30
Win for the public sector,
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公共部门能得到好处，
07:32
because we help them reach their targets.
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因为我们帮助他们完成了他们的目标。
07:36
Win for the private sector,
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私人个体也能得到好处，
07:38
because we build new generations
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因为我们使一代又一代的人
07:39
of future handwashers.
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形成了洗手的习惯
07:41
And most importantly,
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而且最重要的是
07:43
win for the most vulnerable.
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弱势群体也收到了保护。
07:46
On October 15,
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每年十月十五号，
07:48
we will celebrate Global Handwashing Day.
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我们会庆祝全球洗手日。
07:50
Schools, communities,
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学校，社会团体，
07:52
our friends in the public sector
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还有我们公共部门的朋友们
07:54
and our friends in the private sector —
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还有私人个体企业的朋友们
07:57
yes, on that day even our competitors,
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是的，在那天，甚至是我们的竞争者，
07:59
we all join hands to celebrate
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也会加入我们一起庆祝
08:01
the world's most important
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这个世界上最重要的
08:03
public health intervention.
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公共健康的节日。
08:05
What's required,
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我们所需要的，
08:06
and again where the private sector
can make a huge difference,
can make a huge difference,
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还有私人企业可以从中获得利益的地方
08:09
is coming up with this big, creative thinking
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都会随着这个远大并且具有创造性的想法而来
08:13
that drives advocacy.
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并且这样的创意会带来大面积的宣传。
08:15
If you take our Help a Child Reach 5 campaign,
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如果你加入了我们“帮助一个孩子”的活动，
08:17
we've created great films
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我们制作了很棒的宣传片
08:20
that bring the message of handwashing with soap
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片子里面将用肥皂洗手的重要性
08:23
to the everyday person
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用与人们相关的方式
08:24
in a way that can relate to them.
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传递给了每一个人。
08:27
We've had over 30 million views.
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我们有超过三千万的浏览量。
08:29
Most of these discussions are still happening online.
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甚至很多人到现在依然在网络上讨论这个电影。
08:31
I urge you to take five minutes
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我希望大家用五分钟
08:33
and look at those films.
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去看一下这些电影。
08:37
I come from Mali,
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我来自马里（西非国家），
08:38
one of the world's poorest countries.
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世界上最贫穷的国家之一。
08:41
I grew up in a family where every dinner conversation
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在我的家庭中，每天晚餐家人都在讨论
08:43
was around social justice.
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社会正义。
08:45
I trained in Europe's premier school of public health.
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我在欧洲公共卫生一流的学校里完成我的学业。
08:49
I think I'm probably one of the only women
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我想我可能是我们的国家中
08:51
in my country with this high degree in health,
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唯一一个在卫生学上有这么高学历的女性，
08:54
and the only one
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并且是唯一一个
08:56
with a doctorate in handwashing with soap.
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拥有“用肥皂洗手博士”头衔的人。
08:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:01
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:08
Nine years ago, I decided,
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九年前，
09:10
with a successful public health career in the making,
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当我的公共卫生事业发展的很好的时候，
09:13
that I could make the biggest impact coming,
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我下定决心要做一个具有很大影响力的事情，
09:16
selling and promoting the world's best invention
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销售并且推广这个世界上在公共卫生领域
09:19
in public health: soap.
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最好的发明：肥皂。
09:22
We run today the world's largest
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我们经营着世界上最大的
09:24
handwashing program
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洗手项目
09:25
by any public health standards.
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按照任何公共卫生的标准。
09:28
We've reached over 183 million people
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我们影响了16个国家的
09:31
in 16 countries.
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超过一亿八千三百万人。
09:35
My team and I have the ambition
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我的团队和我有在2020年
09:37
to reach one billion by 2020.
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影响10亿人的雄心壮志。
09:40
Over the last four years,
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在过去的四年里，
09:42
business has grown double digits,
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商业以双位数水平增长，
09:45
whilst child mortality has reduced
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同时孩子们的死亡率也在减少
09:47
in all the places where soap use has increased.
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这样的情况发生在所有肥皂使用增加的地方。
09:52
It may be uncomfortable for some to hear —
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有些人可能会认为我这么说不对——
09:54
business growth and lives saved
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“经济增长意味着
09:56
somehow equated in the same sentence —
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拯救了很多生命”
10:00
but it is that business growth
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----正是经济增长
10:02
that allows us to keep doing more.
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使我们能做得更多
10:04
Without it, and without talking about it,
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如果不谈经济，没有商业，
10:07
we cannot achieve the change that we need.
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我们不能获得我们所需要的改变。
10:11
Last week, my team and I
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上个星期，我们团队
10:13
spent time visiting mothers
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去拜访了一些母亲
10:16
that have all experienced the same thing:
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她们都经历了一件相同的事情：
10:19
the death of a newborn.
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新生婴儿的夭折。
10:21
I'm a mom. I can't imagine anything more powerful
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我是一个母亲
10:24
and more painful.
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我不能想象有什么能比这更震撼更痛苦。
10:27
This one is from Myanmar.
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有一位来自缅甸的母亲。
10:30
She had the most beautiful smile,
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她在生活给了她第二次机会的时候
10:32
the smile, I think, that life gives you
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绽放出了
10:34
when you've had a second chance.
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最美丽的笑容。
10:36
Her son, Myo, is her second one.
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他的儿子，妙（人名），是她的第二个孩子。
10:40
She had a daughter
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她曾有过一个女儿
10:41
who passed away at three weeks,
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在她只有三个星期大的时候去世了，
10:44
and we know that the majority
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我们都知道
10:46
of children that actually die
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孩子们最容易
10:48
die in the first month of their life,
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在他们刚出生的一个月内死亡，
10:49
and we know that if we give a bar of soap
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如果我们给那些有经验的
10:52
to every skilled birth attendant,
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护理人员们一块肥皂，
10:55
and that if soap is used
before touching the babies,
before touching the babies,
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并且让他们在触碰婴儿前使用肥皂的话，
10:57
we can reduce and make a change
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我们就可以减少
10:58
in terms of those numbers.
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新生儿的死亡数
11:00
And that's what inspires me,
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正是这样的事激励着我，
11:02
inspires me to continue in this mission,
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鞭策着我继续完成这个任务，
11:04
to know that I can equip her
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让我可以给每一位母亲
11:07
with what's needed
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她们需要的东西
11:09
so that she can do
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这样她就可以
11:10
the most beautiful job in the world:
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从事世界上最美丽的一份事业：
11:13
nurturing her newborn.
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抚养的她的新生儿。
11:15
And next time you think of a gift
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这样，下次你去看望一位产妇和她的家人
11:17
for a new mom and her family,
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想带礼物去时，
11:19
don't look far: buy her soap.
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不用想太多：给她买一个肥皂吧。
11:22
It's the most beautiful invention in public health.
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这是在公共卫生历史上最伟大的发明。
11:25
I hope you will join us
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我也希望大家能加入我们
11:27
and make handwashing part of your daily lives
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让洗手成为你们
11:30
and our daily lives
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以及我们的日常生活
11:32
and help more children like Myo
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并且帮助更多像妙一样的男孩
11:34
reach their fifth birthday.
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让他们能过自己的五岁生日。
11:35
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:38
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Myriam Sidibe - Public-health expertDr. Myriam Sidibe promotes hand-washing with soap, setting up partnerships with governments, companies and communities to promote this simple, cheap, powerful disease-fighting tactic.
Why you should listen
Myriam Sidibe is one of the only people in the world with a doctorate in public health focused on handwashing with soap. As the Global Social Mission Director for Lifebuoy soap, she has spent 14 years working with thousands of children understanding the most effective ways to get them to wash their hands with soap at key occasions like before eating or after using the bathroom.
Sidibe leads Social Mission activity in 55 countries throughout Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America with the aim of changing handwashing behaviours of one billion people by 2020 – that’s the biggest hygiene behaviour change program in the world.
Sidibe is one of the driving forces behind the creation of Global Handwashing Day, which recognises the need to raise awareness of handwashing with soap as a simple but lifesaving habit that can prevent disease. She represents Unilever and often partners with organisations such as Millennium Villages, the World Bank, PSI, WSUP, MCHIP and USAID to educate people about the importance of handwashing with soap, and run programmes that will help form healthy handwashing habits for life.
Myriam Sidibe | Speaker | TED.com