TED1990
Frank Gehry: My days as a young rebel
叛逆“年轻人”弗兰克·盖里
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
699,474 views
建筑师弗兰克·盖里在他的讲演里带你周游他成名之前的早期作品--从他在威尼斯滩的住宅到巴黎正在修建的美国中心。
Frank Gehry - Architect
A living legend, Frank Gehry has forged his own language of architecture, creating astonishing buildings all over the world, such as the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in LA, and Manhattan's new IAC building. Full bio
A living legend, Frank Gehry has forged his own language of architecture, creating astonishing buildings all over the world, such as the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in LA, and Manhattan's new IAC building. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm going to go right into the slides.
0
0
2000
我直接开始放幻灯片好了
00:14
And all I'm going to try and prove to you with these slides
1
2000
2000
我通过这些幻灯所要证明的就是
00:16
is that I do just very straight stuff.
2
4000
3000
我做的事都是很直接明白的（盖里以其复杂扭曲的建筑闻名）
00:21
And my ideas are --
3
9000
3000
我的想法
00:25
in my head, anyway -- they're very logical
4
13000
2000
至少在我脑子里的，都是很有逻辑性
00:27
and relate to what's going on and problem solving for clients.
5
15000
6000
都是与现实相关，为顾客解决问题的
00:33
I either convince clients at the end that I solve their problems,
6
21000
7000
要么是我说服顾客我最终帮他们解决了问题
00:40
or I really do solve their problems,
7
28000
2000
要么是我真的帮他们解决了问题
00:42
because usually they seem to like it.
8
30000
3000
因为他们通常看上去挺满意
00:45
Let me go right into the slides.
9
33000
4000
来看看幻灯片
00:49
Can you turn off the light? Down.
10
37000
5000
能帮灯关掉吗？
00:54
I like to be in the dark.
11
42000
2000
我喜欢待在黑暗中
00:56
I don't want you to see what I'm doing up here.
12
44000
2000
我可不想让你们看到我在这儿做什么
00:58
(Laughter)
13
46000
2000
（笑声）
01:00
Anyway, I did this house in Santa Monica,
14
48000
3000
好了，我在圣莫妮卡建了这个房子
01:03
and it got a lot of notoriety.
15
51000
3000
后来变得臭名昭著
01:06
In fact, it appeared in a porno comic book,
16
54000
3000
事实上，它后来出现在了一本色情漫画里
01:09
which is the slide on the right.
17
57000
3000
正是右边的幻灯片
01:12
(Laughter)
18
60000
4000
笑声
01:20
This is in Venice.
19
68000
3000
这是在威尼斯
01:23
I just show it because I want you to know
20
71000
3000
我展示这个是想让你们知道
01:26
I'm concerned about context.
21
74000
2000
我对周围环境是有考虑的
01:28
On the left-hand side,
22
76000
2000
在左边的幻灯片上
01:30
I had the context of those little houses,
23
78000
3000
是由这些小型建筑组成的城市背景
01:33
and I tried to build a building that fit into that context.
24
81000
3000
而我试图建造一个适合这个背景的建筑物
01:36
When people take pictures of these buildings out of that context
25
84000
4000
当人们在这个场景的之外拍这些建筑物时
01:40
they look really weird,
26
88000
2000
它们看起来非常古怪
01:42
and my premise is that they make a lot more sense
27
90000
3000
我的理论是它们更适合于
01:45
when they're photographed or seen in that space.
28
93000
5000
从那个空间的内部来欣赏和拍摄
01:50
And then, once I deal with the context,
29
98000
4000
一旦我搞定了周围的环境
01:54
I then try to make a place that's comfortable and private and fairly serene,
30
102000
7000
我就要开始创造一个舒适，私密和宁静的空间，
02:01
as I hope you'll find that slide on the right.
31
109000
5000
正如右边的幻灯所显示的。
02:06
And then I did a law school for Loyola in downtown L.A.
32
114000
6000
接下来是我为Loyola大学在洛杉矶市中心设计的法学院
02:12
I was concerned about making a place for the study of law.
33
120000
4000
我关注的是如何为法律学习设计合适的空间
02:18
And we continue to work with this client.
34
126000
4000
我们现在也在继续与这个客户合作
02:22
The building on the right at the top is now under construction.
35
130000
5000
在右上方的那个建筑现在正在建造
02:27
The garage on the right -- the gray structure -- will be torn down,
36
135000
6000
右边那个车库--灰色结构--最终会被扯掉
02:33
finally, and several small classrooms will be placed
37
141000
4000
最后，一些小教室
02:37
along this avenue that we've created, this campus.
38
145000
4000
会分布在我们设计的这条街道上，就是这个校园
02:41
And it all related to the clients and the students
39
149000
6000
这些都与客户和学生的意见相关
02:47
from the very first meeting saying they felt denied a place.
40
155000
5000
他们第一次见面就说他们感到空间被剥夺了
02:52
They wanted a sense of place.
41
160000
2000
他们渴望对空间的感知
02:54
And so the whole idea here was to create that kind of space
42
162000
4000
所以我们全部的想法就是创造那样一种空间感
02:58
in downtown, in a neighborhood that was difficult to fit into.
43
166000
7000
在市中心这样一个难以协调的环境里
03:05
And it was my theory, or my point of view,
44
173000
4000
我的理论，或者说观点是
03:09
that one didn't upstage the neighborhood --
45
177000
5000
不与周围环境抢风头
03:14
one made accommodations.
46
182000
2000
而要适应环境
03:16
I tried to be inclusive, to include the buildings in the neighborhood,
47
184000
4000
我试着去包容，把周围的建筑都容纳在内
03:20
whether they were buildings I liked or not.
48
188000
4000
不管我喜不喜欢那些建筑
03:25
In the '60s I started working with paper furniture
49
193000
3000
在60年代，我开始设计纸质家具
03:28
and made a bunch of stuff that was very successful in Bloomingdale's.
50
196000
5000
我制作的一些玩意儿在Bloomingdale's 卖得非常好
03:33
We even made flooring, walls and everything, out of cardboard.
51
201000
5000
我们甚至用硬纸板制作地板，墙面和其它东西
03:38
And the success of it threw me for a loop.
52
206000
4000
家具的成功让我大吃一惊
03:42
I couldn't deal with the success of furniture --
53
210000
2000
我难以接受这样的成功
03:44
I wasn't secure enough as an architect --
54
212000
2000
这让作为建筑师的我感到没有安全感
03:46
and so I closed it all up and made furniture that nobody would like.
55
214000
5000
所以我干脆罢手，开始制造没人会喜欢的家具
03:51
(Laughter)
56
219000
5000
（笑声）
03:59
So, nobody would like this.
57
227000
2000
所以，没有人会喜欢这个
04:01
And it was in this, preliminary to these pieces of furniture,
58
229000
4000
就是这样，在这些家具之前
04:05
that Ricky and I worked on furniture by the slice.
59
233000
4000
Ricky和我做的“切片家具”
04:09
And after we failed, I just kept failing.
60
237000
4000
在我们失败后，我又屡战屡败
04:13
(Laughter)
61
241000
8000
笑声
04:21
The piece on the left --
62
249000
2000
左边的那个家具
04:23
and that ultimately led to the piece on the right --
63
251000
3000
最终演变成为右边的那个
04:26
happened when the kid that was working on this
64
254000
3000
当时有个帮我们做事的孩子
04:29
took one of those long strings of stuff and folded it up
65
257000
3000
他把一个长条堆叠到一起
04:32
to put it in the wastebasket.
66
260000
2000
要扔到垃圾箱里
04:34
And I put a piece of tape around it,
67
262000
3000
我用胶带把四周粘了一圈
04:37
as you see there, and realized you could sit on it,
68
265000
3000
如你所见，我意识到那是可以坐的
04:40
and it had a lot of resilience and strength and so on.
69
268000
3000
而且它又有弹性又结实
04:43
So, it was an accidental discovery.
70
271000
3000
所以，这是一个偶然的发现
04:53
I got into fish.
71
281000
3000
我也对鱼有过兴趣
04:56
(Laughter)
72
284000
7000
笑声
05:03
I mean, the story I tell is that I got mad at postmodernism -- at po-mo --
73
291000
6000
我想说是，我对后现代主义极为恼火
05:09
and said that fish were 500 million years earlier than man,
74
297000
6000
我说，鱼比人类早了5亿年
05:15
and if you're going to go back, we might as well go back to the beginning.
75
303000
3000
如果你想追根溯源，那就干脆回到最初
05:18
And so I started making these funny things.
76
306000
6000
所以我开始制作这些搞笑的东西
05:24
And they started to have a life of their own and got bigger --
77
312000
5000
结果它们逐渐演化， 越搞越大
05:30
as the one glass at the Walker.
78
318000
2000
就象Walker艺术中心里的那个玻璃鱼雕塑
05:32
And then, I sliced off the head and the tail and everything
79
320000
4000
然后我把它的头尾之类的全部切掉
05:36
and tried to translate what I was learning
80
324000
3000
试图转化我在鱼身上学到的
05:39
about the form of the fish and the movement.
81
327000
4000
关于形态和运动的知识
05:43
And a lot of my architectural ideas that came from it --
82
331000
3000
以及由此产生的许多建筑理念
05:46
accidental, again --
83
334000
2000
又一个偶然事件 --
05:48
it was an intuitive kind of thing, and I just kept going with it,
84
336000
5000
这就是所谓的直觉，我也跟着直觉走
05:53
and made this proposal for a building, which was only a proposal.
85
341000
6000
我提交了关于一个建筑的方案，只是一个方案
05:59
I did this building in Japan.
86
347000
4000
我在日本设计了这座建筑
06:04
I was taken out to dinner after the contract
87
352000
3000
在签约后有人带我出去吃饭
06:07
for this little restaurant was signed.
88
355000
3000
我们刚刚和一个小餐馆签了合同
06:10
And I love sake and Kobe and all that stuff.
89
358000
4000
我喜欢日本清酒和神户牛肉那些东西
06:14
And after I got -- I was really drunk --
90
362000
5000
在我醉了之后 -- 我喝得烂醉 --
06:20
I was asked to do some sketches on napkins.
91
368000
4000
有人让我在餐巾纸上画草图
06:24
(Laughter)
92
372000
4000
笑声
06:28
And I made some sketches on napkins --
93
376000
4000
于是我就在餐巾纸上画了一些草图
06:32
little boxes and Morandi-like things that I used to do.
94
380000
3000
我常画的盒状物体和Morandi风格的东西
06:35
And the client said, "Why no fish?"
95
383000
4000
客户就问：“为什么不画鱼？”
06:39
And so I made a drawing with a fish, and I left Japan.
96
387000
4000
所以我就画了条鱼，然后离开了日本
06:43
Three weeks later, I received a complete set of drawings
97
391000
3000
3个星期之后，我收到了一套完整的图纸
06:46
saying we'd won the competition.
98
394000
3000
说“我们赢得了竞标”
06:49
(Laughter)
99
397000
9000
笑声
06:58
Now, it's hard to do. It's hard to translate a fish form,
100
406000
5000
现在难题就来了。鱼的形状是很难转化
07:03
because they're so beautiful -- perfect --
101
411000
2000
因为他们太漂亮--太完美了---
07:05
into a building or object like this.
102
413000
4000
难于在建筑或类似的物体中表现出来的
07:10
And Oldenburg, who I work with a little once in a while,
103
418000
4000
Oldenburg，偶尔和我合作的一个同事
07:14
told me I couldn't do it, and so that made it even more exciting.
104
422000
6000
告诉我那是不可行的，于是这事就更让我激动了
07:22
But he was right -- I couldn't do the tail.
105
430000
3000
不过他是对的--我不知道怎么处理尾巴
07:25
I started to get the head OK, but the tail I couldn't do.
106
433000
4000
我一开始把头做得不错，但是尾巴我就不知道怎么办了
07:29
It was pretty hard.
107
437000
2000
确实是个难题
07:31
The thing on the right is a snake form, a ziggurat.
108
439000
3000
右边的那个是个蛇状物体，一个金字塔
07:34
And I put them together, and you walk between them.
109
442000
3000
我把他们放在一起，人可以在中间走动
07:37
It was a dialog with the context again.
110
445000
3000
这又是和背景的一种对话
07:40
Now, if you saw a picture of this
111
448000
3000
如果你看到这幅照片
07:43
as it was published in Architectural Record --
112
451000
3000
刊登在《建筑记录》上的这幅
07:46
they didn't show the context, so you would think,
113
454000
3000
它们没有显示背景，所以你会觉得
07:49
"God, what a pushy guy this is."
114
457000
3000
“天啊，这家伙真会出风头。”
07:52
But a friend of mine spent four hours wandering around here
115
460000
2000
但是我的一个朋友在那儿转了四个小时
07:54
looking for this restaurant.
116
462000
2000
寻找那个饭店
07:56
Couldn't find it.
117
464000
2000
还是没有找到
07:58
So ...
118
466000
1000
所以（暗示饭店与环境融合得还不错）
07:59
(Laughter)
119
467000
6000
笑声
08:08
As for craft and technology and all those things
120
476000
4000
至于工艺和技术之类
08:12
that you've all been talking about, I was thrown for a complete loop.
121
480000
5000
你们都在谈论的那些东西，着实让我大吃一惊
08:17
This was built in six months.
122
485000
2000
这个东西在六个月内就建成了
08:19
The way we sent drawings to Japan:
123
487000
4000
我们把草图送给客户的方法是 --
08:23
we used the magic computer in Michigan that does carved models,
124
491000
5000
我们使用密歇根制作雕塑模型的神奇的计算机
08:28
and we used to make foam models, which that thing scanned.
125
496000
4000
以前我们制作一些泡沫模型，再用它来扫描
08:32
We made the drawings of the fish and the scales.
126
500000
3000
我们画了鱼和鱼鳞的草图
08:35
And when I got there, everything was perfect --
127
503000
3000
我们到那儿的时候，一切都很顺利
08:38
except the tail.
128
506000
4000
除了尾巴
08:42
So, I decided to cut off the head and the tail.
129
510000
4000
所以我决定去掉头和尾巴
08:47
And I made the object on the left for my show at the Walker.
130
515000
4000
我做了左边这个东西，放到我在Walker 艺术中心的展览上
08:51
And it's one of the nicest pieces I've ever made, I think.
131
519000
3000
我认为这是我做过的最漂亮的一件作品之一
08:54
And then Jay Chiat, a friend and client,
132
522000
3000
然后，Jay Chiat，我的一个朋友兼客户
08:57
asked me to do his headquarters building in L.A.
133
525000
4000
邀请我去设计他在洛杉矶总部的大楼
09:01
For reasons we don't want to talk about, it got delayed.
134
529000
6000
由于一些我不想说的原因，这件事拖延了
09:07
Toxic waste, I guess, is the key clue to that one.
135
535000
5000
有毒废料，我猜，应该是主要原因
09:12
And so we built a temporary building -- I'm getting good at temporary --
136
540000
6000
所以我们建造了一个临时建筑--我越来越擅长临时的东西
09:18
and we put a conference room in that's a fish.
137
546000
3000
在鱼肚子里放了一个会议室
09:23
And, finally, Jay dragged me to my hometown, Toronto, Canada.
138
551000
5000
最后Jay把我拽到我自己的故乡，加拿大多伦多
09:28
And there is a story -- it's a real story -- about my grandmother
139
556000
4000
这儿有个故事--真实的故事--关于我的祖母
09:32
buying a carp on Thursday, bringing it home,
140
560000
2000
有个星期四，她买了条鲤鱼带回家
09:34
putting it in the bathtub when I was a kid.
141
562000
2000
把它放到浴缸里，我还是个孩子
09:36
I played with it in the evening.
142
564000
2000
我晚上和鱼玩耍
09:38
When I went to sleep, the next day it wasn't there.
143
566000
3000
然后睡觉，第二天醒来的时候鱼已经不见了
09:41
And the next night, we had gefilte fish.
144
569000
2000
到了第三天晚上，我们吃了鱼丸子
09:43
(Laughter)
145
571000
2000
笑声
09:45
And so I set up this interior for Jay's offices
146
573000
6000
这是我为jay的办公室做的内部装修
09:51
and I made a pedestal for a sculpture.
147
579000
2000
又给雕像做了个基座
09:53
And he didn't buy a sculpture, so I made one.
148
581000
4000
他没有买雕塑，所以我就做了一个
09:57
I went around Toronto and found a bathtub like my grandmother's,
149
585000
3000
我在多伦多找到了一个跟我祖母家一样的浴缸
10:00
and I put the fish in.
150
588000
2000
然后把这鱼放了进去
10:02
It was a joke.
151
590000
3000
这是个笑话
10:05
(Laughter)
152
593000
6000
笑声
10:11
I play with funny people like [Claes] Oldenburg.
153
599000
4000
我和Oldenburg这样风趣的家伙一起玩
10:15
We've been friends for a long time.
154
603000
3000
我们是老朋友了
10:18
And we've started to work on things.
155
606000
5000
我们一起合作做些事情
10:23
A few years ago, we did a performance piece in Venice, Italy,
156
611000
4000
几年前，我们在意大利威尼斯搞了一场行为艺术
10:27
called "Il Corso del Coltello" -- the Swiss Army knife.
157
615000
7000
叫“Il Corso del Coltello”--瑞士军刀
10:34
And most of the imagery is --
158
622000
3000
大部分的形象是
10:37
(Laughter)
159
625000
3000
笑声
10:40
Claes', but those two little boys are my sons,
160
628000
3000
Claes，但那两个小孩是我的儿子
10:43
and they were Claes' assistants in the play.
161
631000
4000
在演出里他们是Claes的助手
10:47
He was the Swiss Army knife.
162
635000
3000
他就是瑞士军刀
10:50
He was a souvenir salesman who always wanted to be a painter,
163
638000
4000
他是个卖纪念品的商人，却一心想当个画家
10:54
and I was Frankie P. Toronto.
164
642000
2000
我则是Frankie P. Toronto
10:56
P for Palladio.
165
644000
2000
P代表 Palladio
10:58
Dressed up like the AT&T building by Claes --
166
646000
4000
打扮起来像Cleas设计的AT&T大楼
11:02
(Laughter)
167
650000
3000
笑声
11:05
with a fish hat.
168
653000
4000
戴一个渔夫帽
11:09
The highlight of the performance was at the end.
169
657000
4000
演出的亮点在最后
11:13
This beautiful object, the Swiss Army knife,
170
661000
3000
这个漂亮的东西，瑞士军刀
11:16
which I get credit for participating in.
171
664000
3000
我也因为参与建造而获得好评
11:19
And I can tell you -- it's totally an Oldenburg.
172
667000
3000
我可以告诉你--这全是Oldenburg搞的
11:22
I had nothing to do with it.
173
670000
1000
跟我没有任何关系
11:23
The only thing I did was, I made it possible for them
174
671000
3000
我唯一做的就是，
11:26
to turn those blades so you could sail this thing in the canal,
175
674000
3000
我让刀片可以转向，使它能在运河里航行
11:29
because I love sailing.
176
677000
2000
我爱开船
11:31
(Laughter)
177
679000
2000
笑声
11:33
We made it into a sailing craft.
178
681000
2000
我们把它做成水上工艺品
11:36
I've been known to mess with things like chain link fencing.
179
684000
3000
大家知道我运用过铁丝网之类的材料
11:39
I do it because it's a curious thing in the culture,
180
687000
4000
我选这个是因为文化上的好奇
11:43
when things are made in such great quantities,
181
691000
3000
当一件东西如此大量的生产出来
11:46
absorbed in such great quantities,
182
694000
2000
如此大量的被运用
11:48
and there's so much denial about them.
183
696000
2000
又有如此多的抗拒
11:50
People hate it.
184
698000
2000
人们恨铁丝网
11:52
And I'm fascinated with that, which, like the paper furniture --
185
700000
4000
我着迷于这个现象，像纸质家具一样--
11:56
it's one of those materials.
186
704000
2000
铁丝网就是这样一种材料
11:58
And I'm always drawn to that.
187
706000
2000
我经常被其吸引
12:00
And so I did a lot of dirty things with chain link,
188
708000
3000
所以我用链条做了很多坏事
12:03
which nobody will forgive me for.
189
711000
2000
坏到没人会原谅我
12:05
But Claes made homage to it in the Loyola Law School.
190
713000
4000
但是Claes 允许把它用在Loyola律师学校上
12:09
And that chain link is really expensive.
191
717000
2000
那链条很贵
12:11
It's in perspective and everything.
192
719000
2000
这合情合理也是需要的全部
12:16
And then we did a camp together for children with cancer.
193
724000
4000
然后我们一起设计了一个给癌症儿童的学校
12:20
And you can see, we started making a building together.
194
728000
4000
你可以看到，我们开始一起设计
12:24
Of course, the milk can is his.
195
732000
3000
当然，牛奶罐是他搞的
12:27
But we were trying to collide our ideas,
196
735000
2000
但是我们的想法互相碰撞
12:29
to put objects next to each other.
197
737000
2000
把建筑挨在一起
12:31
Like a Morandi -- like the little bottles -- composing them like a still life.
198
739000
5000
像Morandi--像一张静物画一样排列这些瓶瓶罐罐
12:36
And it seemed to work as a way to put he and I together.
199
744000
9000
看上去我们能这样一起合作
12:45
Then Jay Chiat asked me to do this building
200
753000
4000
然后Jay Chiat 要我设计这个建筑
12:49
on this funny lot in Venice, and I started with this three-piece thing,
201
757000
6000
在维纳斯的这个搞笑的地方，我开始设计这三个东西
12:55
and you entered in the middle.
202
763000
2000
你进到中间
12:57
And Jay asked me what I was going to do with the piece in the middle.
203
765000
3000
Jay问我我准备怎么处理中间的建筑
13:00
And he pushed that.
204
768000
2000
他逼了我一下
13:02
And one day I had a -- oh, well, the other way.
205
770000
3000
有一天我有了个点子-好吧-另一个点子
13:05
I had the binoculars from Claes, and I put them there,
206
773000
3000
我把Cleas那儿的双筒望远镜放在那里
13:08
and I could never get rid of them after that.
207
776000
3000
以后我就再也拿不走他们了
13:14
Oldenburg made the binoculars incredible
208
782000
3000
Oldenburg让这个望远镜难以置信
13:17
when he sent me the first model of the real proposal.
209
785000
5000
当他给我这个方案的第一个模型时
13:22
It made my building look sick.
210
790000
2000
这让我的建筑看着很衰
13:24
And it was this interaction between
211
792000
2000
就是这个相互促进的过程
13:26
that kind of, up-the-ante stuff that became pretty interesting.
212
794000
5000
使得整个事情更加有趣
13:31
It led to the building on the left.
213
799000
2000
成就了左边的这个建筑
13:33
And I still think the Time magazine picture will be of the binoculars, you know,
214
801000
4000
我仍然认为时代杂志的照片会是这个望远镜
13:37
leaving out the -- what the hell.
215
805000
6000
省去--“这是什么鬼东西”
13:47
I use a lot of metal in my work,
216
815000
2000
我在工作中用到大量金属
13:49
and I have a hard time connecting with the craft.
217
817000
4000
连接工艺品让我大费苦心
13:53
The whole thing about my house,
218
821000
3000
关于我的房子
13:56
the whole use of rough carpentry and everything,
219
824000
3000
使用的粗糙的木器，还有各种玩意
13:59
was the frustration with the crafts available.
220
827000
3000
让我对现有工艺感到沮丧
14:02
I said, "If I can't get the craft that I want,
221
830000
4000
我说：“我不能得到我想要的工艺
14:06
I'll use the craft I can get."
222
834000
2000
我要用我能得到的”
14:08
There were plenty of models for that,
223
836000
2000
在这方面有很多楷模
14:10
in Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns, and many artists
224
838000
3000
Rauschenberg 和 Jasper Johns，很多艺术家
14:13
who were making beautiful art and sculpture with junk materials.
225
841000
7000
用废旧材料制作了美丽的艺术品和雕塑
14:20
I went into the metal because it was a way of building a building
226
848000
3000
我深究金属是因为它是用来
14:23
that was a sculpture.
227
851000
4000
把建筑建造成雕塑的材料
14:27
And it was all of one material,
228
855000
2000
它是一种统一的材料
14:29
and the metal could go on the roof as well as the walls.
229
857000
3000
金属可以做屋顶也可以做墙
14:32
The metalworkers, for the most part,
230
860000
3000
而金属工人，大部分时候
14:35
do ducts behind the ceilings and stuff.
231
863000
3000
在天花板后面做通风管道等等
14:38
I was given an opportunity to design an exhibit
232
866000
3000
我有个机会去设计一个展览
14:41
for the metalworkers' unions of America and Canada in Washington,
233
869000
7000
是给美加金属工人工会做的，在华盛顿
14:48
and I did it on the condition that they become my partners
234
876000
2000
我做这个是在这样的条件下：他们成为我未来的伙伴
14:50
in the future and help me with all future metal buildings, etc. etc.
235
878000
6000
并且帮助我做未来所有的金属建筑等等 ，等等
14:56
And it's working very well
236
884000
2000
这个手段效果不错，让这些手艺人
14:58
to have these people, these craftsmen, interested in it.
237
886000
3000
对用金属建造建筑感兴趣
15:01
I just tell the stories.
238
889000
2000
我讲这个故事
15:03
It's a way of connecting, at least, with some of those people
239
891000
5000
是一种沟通，至少是与一部分人
15:08
that are so important to the realization of architecture.
240
896000
4000
一部分对于实现建筑很重要的人的沟通
15:17
The metal continued into a building -- Herman Miller, in Sacramento.
241
905000
5000
金属继续用在建筑中-- Herman Miller，萨克拉门托
15:23
And it's just a complex of factory buildings.
242
911000
4000
这是一个厂房区
15:27
And Herman Miller has this philosophy of having a place --
243
915000
5000
Herman Miller 有这样一个选址的哲学
15:32
a people place.
244
920000
2000
一个有人的地点
15:34
I mean, it's kind of a trite thing to say,
245
922000
3000
这说起来很老套
15:37
but it is real that they wanted to have a central place
246
925000
4000
但是他们想要一个中心地段
15:41
where the cafeteria would be, where the people would come
247
929000
4000
有个有人气的自助餐厅
15:45
and where the people working would interact.
248
933000
4000
工作的人产生互动
15:50
So it's out in the middle of nowhere, and you approach it.
249
938000
5000
所以这个项目前不着村后不着店，你靠近一看
15:55
It's copper and galvanize.
250
943000
3000
是电镀铜
15:58
I used the galvanize and copper
251
946000
3000
我使用的电镀铜
16:01
in a very light gauge, so it would buckle.
252
949000
4000
规格很小，这样便于弯曲
16:05
I spent a lot of time undoing Richard Meier's aesthetic.
253
953000
5000
我花了很多时间颠覆 Richard Meier的审美观
16:12
Everybody's trying to get the panels perfect,
254
960000
2000
每个人都想把面板做的完美
16:14
and I always try to get them sloppy and fuzzy.
255
962000
4000
而我则试着把他们做得污浊和模糊
16:18
And they end up looking like stone.
256
966000
3000
结果看来像个石头
16:21
This is the central area.
257
969000
2000
这里就是中心区域
16:23
There's a ramp.
258
971000
2000
有一个斜坡
16:25
And that little dome in there is a building by Stanley Tigerman.
259
973000
3000
那个小的穹顶是由Stanley Tigerman设计的
16:28
Stanley was instrumental in my getting this job.
260
976000
3000
Stanley 帮我搞到了这份工作
16:31
And when I was awarded the contract I, at the very beginning,
261
979000
4000
在我得到工作的一开始
16:35
asked the client if they would let Stanley do a cameo piece with me.
262
983000
5000
我要求客户让Stanley跟我一起做这个地景
16:40
Because these were ideas that we were talking about,
263
988000
4000
因为这正是我们谈论的想法
16:44
building things next to each other, making --
264
992000
3000
设计相邻的建筑
16:47
it's all about [a] metaphor for a city, maybe.
265
995000
2000
也许这是对城市的一个比喻
16:49
And so Stanley did the little dome thing.
266
997000
3000
于是Stanley设计了这个小穹顶
16:52
And we did it over the phone and by fax.
267
1000000
2000
我们通过电话和传真联系
16:54
He would send me a fax and show me something.
268
1002000
3000
他给传真他的设计
16:57
He'd made a building with a dome and he had a little tower.
269
1005000
3000
他做了一个有穹顶的建筑，还有一座小塔
17:00
I told him, "No, no, that's too ongepotchket.
270
1008000
3000
我告诉他“不行不行，这太复杂了
17:03
I don't want the tower."
271
1011000
2000
我不想要那座塔”
17:07
So he came back with a simpler building,
272
1015000
4000
于是他把建筑改得更简单
17:11
but he put some funny details on it,
273
1019000
6000
但是他设计了些搞笑的细节
17:17
and he moved it closer to my building.
274
1025000
4000
并把他的建筑靠近了我的建筑
17:21
And so I decided to put him in a depression.
275
1029000
4000
所以我决定给他点颜色瞧
17:25
I put him in a hole and made a kind of a hole that he sits in.
276
1033000
4000
我设计了一个洞给他的建筑
17:29
And so then he put two bridges -- this all happened on the fax,
277
1037000
4000
于是他设计了两座桥 -- 这都是在传真上发生的
17:33
going back and forth over a couple of weeks' period.
278
1041000
2000
在几个星期的时间里改来改去
17:35
And he put these two bridges with pink guardrails on it.
279
1043000
4000
于是他设计了两座有粉红色护栏的桥
17:39
And so then I put this big billboard behind it.
280
1047000
3000
然后我把这个大招牌放在了后面
17:42
And I call it, "David and Goliath."
281
1050000
3000
我给它命名为“David and Goliath"
17:48
And that's my cafeteria.
282
1056000
3000
这张是我设计的餐厅
17:55
In Boston, we had that old building on the left.
283
1063000
5000
左手边，是波士顿的老建筑
18:00
It was a very prominent building off the freeway,
284
1068000
3000
这是高速公路下的一座著名的建筑
18:03
and we added a floor and cleaned it up and fixed it up
285
1071000
4000
我们增建了一层楼，清理并修复它
18:07
and used the kind of -- I thought -- the language of the neighborhood,
286
1075000
5000
并且运用了某种 -- 我当时认为 -- 与周围融合的建筑语言
18:12
which had these cornices, projecting cornices.
287
1080000
4000
就是这些檐口，出挑的檐口
18:16
Mine got a little exuberant, but I used lead copper,
288
1084000
7000
我的设计有点放肆，但我用了铅铜
18:23
which is a beautiful material, and it turns green in 100 years.
289
1091000
5000
这种美丽的材料会在一百年里变绿
18:28
Instead of, like, copper in 10 or 15.
290
1096000
4000
而不像纯铜，在10到15年里变色
18:34
We redid the side of the building
291
1102000
2000
我们改建了建筑的这一面
18:36
and re-proportioned the windows so it sort of fit into the space.
292
1104000
4000
重新设计了窗户尺寸以基本适应里面的空间
18:40
And it surprised both Boston and myself that we got it approved,
293
1108000
4000
这个设计能通过审批让波士顿和我们自己都很吃惊
18:44
because they have very strict kind of design guideline,
294
1112000
5000
因为波士顿的设计导则非常之严格
18:50
and they wouldn't normally think I would fit them.
295
1118000
5000
而他们通常认为我的设计没法满足导则的要求
18:55
The detailing was very careful with the lead copper
296
1123000
3000
我们在处理铅铜的细节上十分仔细
18:58
and making panels and fitting it tightly
297
1126000
6000
制造面板，然后把他们紧密的
19:04
into the fabric of the existing building.
298
1132000
3000
装配在现有建筑的结构上
19:10
In Barcelona, on Las Ramblas for some film festival,
299
1138000
6000
在巴塞罗那的的兰布拉斯大道上
19:16
I did the Hollywood sign going and coming,
300
1144000
3000
我为一个电影节设计了一个好莱坞标志“无处可逃”
19:19
made a building out of it, and they built it.
301
1147000
3000
然后设计成了一个建筑，他们修建了这个建筑
19:22
I flew in one night and took this picture.
302
1150000
3000
有天晚上我坐飞机过去照了这张照片
19:25
But they made it a third smaller than my model without telling me.
303
1153000
5000
但是他们擅自把尺寸缩小到了我的模型的三分之一
19:32
And then more metal and some chain link in Santa Monica --
304
1160000
6000
接下来还是金属和链条，这是在美国圣莫尼卡
19:38
a little shopping center.
305
1166000
2000
一个小购物中心
19:45
And this is a laser laboratory at the University of Iowa,
306
1173000
4000
这是爱荷华大学的一个激光实验室
19:50
in which the fish comes back as an abstraction in the back.
307
1178000
4000
这个项目里再度出现了鱼的抽象形象，在建筑背后
19:54
It's the support labs, which, by some coincidence, required no windows.
308
1182000
13000
这个供应实验室碰巧不需要开窗
20:07
And the shape fit perfectly.
309
1195000
5000
鱼的形状吻合得天衣无缝
20:12
I just joined the points.
310
1200000
2000
我只需要把几个点连起来
20:14
In the curved part there's all the mechanical equipment.
311
1202000
4000
在曲线的部分是所有的机械设备
20:18
That solid wall behind it is a pipe chase -- a pipe canyon --
312
1206000
5000
后面的实墙是一个管道槽 -- 管道峡谷
20:23
and so it was an opportunity that I seized,
313
1211000
3000
所以我抓住了这个机会
20:26
because I didn't have to have any protruding ducts or vents or things in this form.
314
1214000
6000
因为这个形式不需要任何突出的管子或者开口
20:32
It gave me an opportunity to make a sculpture out of it.
315
1220000
2000
这给了我把它做成一个雕塑的机会
20:37
This is a small house somewhere.
316
1225000
7000
这是一个小房子，在某个地方
20:44
They've been building it so long I don't remember where it is.
317
1232000
3000
他们修了太久了我都忘了是在哪里
20:47
It's in the West Valley.
318
1235000
2000
是在犹他州的西谷市
20:49
And we started with the stream
319
1237000
3000
我们从溪流着手
20:53
and built the house along the stream -- dammed it up to make a lake.
320
1241000
4000
沿着溪流修建房子 -- 修建堤坝来造湖
20:58
These are the models.
321
1246000
2000
这是模型照片
21:03
The reality, with the lake --
322
1251000
2000
事实是，有了这个湖
21:06
the workmanship is pretty bad.
323
1254000
4000
建筑工艺其实很差
21:10
And it reminded me why I play defensively in things like my house.
324
1258000
6000
这也提醒我为什么在类似房子这样的事上我很谨慎
21:16
When you have to do something really cheaply,
325
1264000
4000
当你不得不用些便宜货
21:20
it's hard to get perfect corners and stuff.
326
1268000
5000
你很难得到完美的转角之类的东西
21:36
That big metal thing is a passage, and in it is --
327
1284000
6000
这个金属大家伙是条通道
21:42
you go downstairs into the living room and then down into the bedroom,
328
1290000
3000
你从里面下到起居室再下到卧室
21:45
which is on the right.
329
1293000
2000
就是右手边的图片
21:53
It's kind of like a whole built town.
330
1301000
2000
有点像是个完整的小镇
22:00
I was asked to do a hospital for schizophrenic adolescents at Yale.
331
1308000
7000
我被要求为耶鲁大学设计一座精神分裂青少年医院
22:07
I thought it was fitting for me to be doing that.
332
1315000
4000
我觉得让我来做这个项目还挺合适的
22:16
This is a house next to a Philip Johnson house in Minnesota.
333
1324000
4000
这个是在明尼苏达的菲利普约翰逊住宅旁的的房子
22:22
The owners had a dilemma -- they asked Philip to do it.
334
1330000
4000
房主们有个矛盾 -- 他们让菲利普来做设计
22:26
He was too busy.
335
1334000
2000
但是菲利普太忙了
22:29
He didn't recommend me, by the way.
336
1337000
3000
顺便一说，他也没推荐我
22:32
(Laughter)
337
1340000
2000
（笑）
22:34
We ended up having to make it a sculpture, because the dilemma was,
338
1342000
6000
我们最终得把它做得很有雕塑感，因为房主们的矛盾是
22:40
how do you build a building that doesn't look like the language?
339
1348000
3000
你要如何建造一栋看上去不像建筑的建筑？
22:43
Is it going to look like this beautiful estate is sub-divided?
340
1351000
4000
否则这片美丽的庄园岂不是看上去像被建筑所分割？
22:47
Etc. etc.
341
1355000
2000
诸如此类
22:49
You've got the idea.
342
1357000
2000
你们懂的
22:51
And so we finally ended up making it.
343
1359000
2000
所以最后我们把它设计成这样
22:53
These people are art collectors.
344
1361000
2000
房主们是艺术收藏家
22:55
And we finally made it so it appears very sculptural
345
1363000
4000
最后我们成功的让它
22:59
from the main house and all the windows are on the other side.
346
1367000
5000
在主屋的方向显得十分雕塑化，所有的开窗都在侧面
23:07
And the building is very sculptural as you walk around it.
347
1375000
5000
当你绕着建筑走时它显得十分雕塑化
23:12
It's made of metal and the brown stuff is Fin-Ply --
348
1380000
6000
外墙是金属制成的，棕色的构件是胶合木
23:18
it's that formed lumber from Finland.
349
1386000
4000
由自芬兰的木材加工而成
23:22
We used it at Loyola on the chapel, and it didn't work.
350
1390000
3000
我们再Loyola大学的教堂用过，行不通
23:25
I keep trying to make it work.
351
1393000
2000
所以我不停尝试
23:27
In this case we learned how to detail it.
352
1395000
3000
在这个项目里我们明白了如何处理这种材料的细节
23:33
In Cleveland, there's Burnham Mall, on the left.
353
1401000
7000
这是在克利夫兰，在左手边是Burnham购物中心
23:40
It's never been finished.
354
1408000
2000
一直没有竣工
23:42
Going out to the lake, you can see all those new buildings we built.
355
1410000
5000
知道湖边，你可以看到我们建的这些新建筑
23:47
And we had the opportunity to build a building on this site.
356
1415000
6000
而我们有机会在这块场地上修建一个建筑
23:53
There's a railroad track.
357
1421000
2000
在这里有条铁路
23:55
This is the city hall over here somewhere, and the courthouse.
358
1423000
5000
这边某处是市政厅，而这边是法院
24:00
And the centerline of the mall goes out.
359
1428000
4000
购物中心的中心线一直延伸出去
24:04
Burnham had designed a railroad station that was never built,
360
1432000
5000
Burnham设计的火车站没能建成
24:09
and so we followed.
361
1437000
2000
但是我们延续了这个思路
24:11
Sohio is on the axis here,
362
1439000
2000
Sohio公司的大楼在这条轴线上
24:13
and we followed the axis, and they're two kind of goalposts.
363
1441000
3000
我们延续了这条轴线，这个建筑有点像球门
24:16
And this is our building,
364
1444000
2000
而这个就是我们设计的建筑
24:18
which is a corporate headquarters for an insurance company.
365
1446000
4000
一家保险公司的公司总部
24:22
We collaborated with Oldenburg and put the newspaper on top, folded.
366
1450000
5000
我们与Oldenburg合作，把折叠的报纸放在楼顶上
24:33
The health club is fastened to the garage
367
1461000
4000
健身俱乐部通过一个C形的坡道相连
24:37
with a C-clamp, for Cleveland.
368
1465000
3000
象征Cleveland
24:40
(Laughter)
369
1468000
2000
（笑）
24:42
You drive down.
370
1470000
2000
你沿着坡道往下开
24:44
So it's about a 10-story C-clamp.
371
1472000
3000
所以这是一座10层楼的C形坡道
24:47
And all this stuff at the bottom is a museum,
372
1475000
3000
底部的空间都是博物馆
24:50
and an idea for a very fancy automobile entry.
373
1478000
4000
以及一个华丽的车行入口
24:54
This owner has a pet peeve about bad automobile entries.
374
1482000
3000
业主对于糟糕的车行入口意见很大
24:58
And this would be a hotel.
375
1486000
2000
而这是一座酒店
25:00
So, the centerline of this thing -- we'd preserve it,
376
1488000
2000
所以我们保留了原来设想的中轴线
25:02
and it would start to work with the scale of the new buildings
377
1490000
4000
而这些新建筑的尺度可以让它开始发挥作用
25:06
by Pelli and Kohn Pederson Fox, etc., that are underway.
378
1494000
5000
修建中的建筑有Pelli，Kohn Pederson Fox等事务所设计设计的
25:22
It's hard to do high-rise.
379
1510000
2000
做高层可不容易
25:24
I feel much more comfortable down here.
380
1512000
3000
在这个项目里我舒服多了
25:28
This is a piece of property in Brentwood.
381
1516000
3000
这是在Brentwood的一块地
25:31
And a long time ago, about '82 or something, after my house --
382
1519000
6000
这是很老的项目了，大概是82年的样子
25:37
I designed a house for myself
383
1525000
3000
在我给自己设计的住宅之后设计的一座住宅
25:40
that would be a village of several pavilions around a courtyard --
384
1528000
5000
由一个庭院和它周围的几个阁楼组成的村子
25:45
and the owner of this lot worked for me
385
1533000
5000
这片土地的业主曾为我工作
25:50
and built that actual model on the left.
386
1538000
2000
制作了左边的这个实物模型
25:52
And she came back,
387
1540000
2000
后来她找到我
25:54
I guess wealthier or something -- something happened --
388
1542000
4000
我猜是发财了还是怎么的
25:58
and asked me to design a house for her on this site.
389
1546000
6000
然后她让我给这片地设计一座住宅
26:06
And following that basic idea of the village,
390
1554000
5000
我们延续了村落的基本概念
26:11
we changed it as we got into it.
391
1559000
2000
并在深入的过程中作了改变
26:13
I locked the house into the site by cutting the back end --
392
1561000
5000
通过切削背（左）面的体量，我把整个建筑卡在场地里
26:18
here you see on the photographs of the site --
393
1566000
3000
你在这张照片里看到的
26:21
slicing into it and putting all the bathrooms and dressing rooms
394
1569000
4000
场地穿插进建筑里，然后把浴室和化妆间布置在里面
26:25
like a retaining wall, creating a lower level zone for the master bedroom,
395
1573000
5000
起挡土墙的作用，在底层给主卧室创造了一个分区
26:30
which I designed like a kind of a barge,
396
1578000
3000
设计得像艘货船
26:33
looking like a boat.
397
1581000
2000
像艘船
26:37
And that's it, built.
398
1585000
5000
就是这样，建成了
26:44
The dome was a request from the client.
399
1592000
4000
穹顶是客户的要求
26:48
She wanted a dome somewhere in the house.
400
1596000
2000
她要住宅里某处有个穹顶
26:50
She didn't care where.
401
1598000
2000
她才不管在哪处
26:52
When you sleep in this bedroom, I hope --
402
1600000
2000
如果你在这卧室里睡觉，我希望
26:54
I mean, I haven't slept in it yet.
403
1602000
2000
我的意思是，我没在里面睡过
26:57
I've offered to marry her so I could sleep there,
404
1605000
4000
我为了在那睡一觉向她提过亲
27:01
but she said I didn't have to do that.
405
1609000
8000
但她说我不用这样
27:09
But when you're in that room,
406
1617000
3000
但是当你在那个卧室里
27:12
you feel like you're on a kind of barge on some kind of lake.
407
1620000
4000
你感觉多少有点像在一艘湖上的船里
27:16
And it's very private.
408
1624000
2000
很私密的空间
27:18
The landscape is being built around to create a private garden.
409
1626000
3000
周围布置了景观来营造一个私家花园
27:21
And then up above there's a garden on this side of the living room,
410
1629000
5000
而在上面，起居室的这边有一个花园
27:26
and one on the other side.
411
1634000
2000
还有一个在另一面
27:31
These aren't focused very well.
412
1639000
2000
这幻灯焦距没对好
27:33
I don't know how to do it from here.
413
1641000
4000
我不知道怎么解决
27:37
Focus the one on the right.
414
1645000
3000
请注意右边的幻灯
27:41
It's up there.
415
1649000
2000
在这
27:43
Left -- it's my right.
416
1651000
3000
左边 -- 我的右手边
27:47
Anyway, you enter into a garden with a beautiful grove of trees.
417
1655000
6000
好了，你进入一个有美丽树丛的花园
27:53
That's the living room.
418
1661000
2000
这是起居室
27:55
Servants' quarters.
419
1663000
2000
佣人的房间
27:57
A guest bedroom, which has this dome with marble on it.
420
1665000
4000
一个客房，有大理石吊顶的穹顶
28:01
And then you enter into the living room and then so on.
421
1669000
5000
然后你进入起居室，诸如此类
28:11
This is the bedroom.
422
1679000
2000
这是卧室
28:13
You come down from this level along the stairway,
423
1681000
2000
你从这层经由楼梯下来
28:15
and you enter the bedroom here, going into the lake.
424
1683000
3000
然后你进入卧室，然后是湖
28:18
And the bed is back in this space,
425
1686000
2000
而床在这个空间后面
28:20
with windows looking out onto the lake.
426
1688000
3000
有向湖的窗子
28:23
These Stonehenge things were designed to give foreground
427
1691000
5000
这些像石门一样的东西被设计成前景
28:28
and to create a greater depth in this shallow lot.
428
1696000
4000
并在这个进深不大的场地里创造更好的进深感
28:32
The material is lead copper, like in the building in Boston.
429
1700000
5000
用的材料是铅铜，和之前波士顿的建筑相似
28:41
And so it was an intent to make this small piece of land --
430
1709000
5000
所以我们的意图是让这一小片土地
28:46
it's 100 by 250 -- into a kind of an estate by separating these areas
431
1714000
6000
100英尺宽250英尺长，变成一个大庄园
28:52
and making the living room and dining room into this pavilion
432
1720000
6000
方法就是分割区域
28:58
with a high space in it.
433
1726000
2000
以及将卧室和餐厅放进空间较高的阁楼里
29:05
And this happened by accident that I got this right on axis
434
1733000
3000
我无意地把开窗
29:08
with the dining room table.
435
1736000
2000
与餐桌放在了一条轴线上
29:12
It looks like I got a Baldessari painting for free.
436
1740000
4000
看出去像是我搞到了一幅免费的Baldessari油画
29:17
But the idea is, the windows are all placed
437
1745000
2000
我的概念是，开窗的布置
29:19
so you see pieces of the house outside.
438
1747000
4000
让你可以看到外面住宅的一部分
29:23
Eventually this will be screened -- these trees will come up --
439
1751000
4000
最终形成框景 -- 树会长高
29:27
and it will be very private.
440
1755000
2000
而形成一个很私密的空间
29:29
And you feel like you're in your own kind of village.
441
1757000
3000
你觉得有点像在你自己的村落里
29:37
This is for Michael Eisner -- Disney.
442
1765000
5000
这是给Michael Eisner设计的 -- 迪士尼
29:42
We're doing some work for him.
443
1770000
3000
我们为他工作过
29:45
And this is in Anaheim, California, and it's a freeway building.
444
1773000
5000
在加州的Anaheim，这是高速公路上的建筑
29:50
You go under this bridge at about 65 miles an hour,
445
1778000
4000
你从这座桥下面以65英里的时速开过去
29:54
and there's another bridge here.
446
1782000
2000
这里是另一座桥
29:56
And you're through this room in a split second,
447
1784000
2000
你飞快的穿过这些房间
29:58
and the building will sort of reflect that.
448
1786000
2000
而这个建筑反映这个运动
30:00
On the backside, it's much more humane -- entrance,
449
1788000
3000
在建筑的背面就人性得多
30:03
dining hall, etc.
450
1791000
2000
入口，餐厅，诸如此类
30:05
And then this thing here -- I'm hoping as you drive by you'll hear
451
1793000
5000
而这个东西 -- 希望你开车经过能听到
30:10
the picket fence effect of the sound hitting it.
452
1798000
3000
声音在这些构件上反射产生的栅栏效应
30:14
Kind of a fun thing to do.
453
1802000
4000
有点意思
30:20
I'm doing a building in Switzerland, Basel,
454
1808000
4000
这是我正在瑞士的巴塞尔做的项目
30:24
which is an office building for a furniture company.
455
1812000
3000
一个家具公司的办公楼
30:27
And we struggled with the image.
456
1815000
3000
我们为建筑形象很头疼
30:30
These are the early studies, but they have to sell furniture
457
1818000
3000
这些是早期的一些尝试，问题是他们卖家具给普通人
30:33
to normal people, so if I did the building and it was too fancy,
458
1821000
5000
所以如果我的建筑设计得太华丽
30:38
then people might say, "Well, the furniture looks OK in his thing,
459
1826000
4000
人们会说，他们的家具在他们的房子里看上去还行
30:42
but no, it ain't going to look good in my normal building."
460
1830000
2000
但在我的普通房子里看上去肯定不行
30:44
So we've made a kind of pragmatic slab in the second phase here,
461
1832000
4000
于是在第二阶段建筑设计成朴实的板状
30:48
and we've taken the conference facilities and made a villa out of them
462
1836000
4000
然后我们把会议场所设计成了一座别墅
30:52
so that the communal space is very sculptural and separate.
463
1840000
4000
于是公共空间可以分隔开来做的很有雕塑感
30:56
And you're looking at it from the offices and you create a kind of
464
1844000
4000
从办公室看过去
31:00
interaction between these pieces.
465
1848000
3000
不同片段之间的互动被创造出来了
31:04
This is in Paris, along the Seine.
466
1852000
4000
这是在巴黎，塞纳河边
31:08
Palais des Sports, the Gare de Lyon over here.
467
1856000
4000
Palais des Sports场馆群和Gare de Lyon火车站在这边
31:12
The Minister of Finance -- the guy that moved from the Louvre -- goes in here.
468
1860000
4000
参政部长 -- 从卢浮宫迁出来 -- 搬进了这里
31:16
There's a new library across the river.
469
1864000
3000
河对面有一座新建的图书馆
31:19
And back in here, in this already treed park,
470
1867000
4000
在这后面，已经经过绿化的公园里
31:23
we're doing a very dense building called the American Center,
471
1871000
4000
我们设计了一座密度很高的美国中心
31:27
which has a theater, apartments, dance school, an art museum,
472
1875000
7000
里面有一座剧场，公寓，舞蹈学校和一个艺术博物馆
31:34
restaurants and all kinds of -- it's a very dense program --
473
1882000
4000
还有餐厅之类的 -- 总之密度很高
31:38
bookstores, etc.
474
1886000
3000
书店，诸如此类
31:41
In a very tight, small --
475
1889000
2000
用地很小，很紧张
31:43
this is the ground level.
476
1891000
3000
这是地面层
31:46
And the French have this extraordinary way of screwing things up
477
1894000
3000
法国人在搞砸事情上很有一套
31:49
by taking a beautiful site and cutting the corner off.
478
1897000
4000
比如把这块漂亮的场地砍掉一角
31:53
They call it the plan coupe.
479
1901000
2000
他们乘作平面切角
31:55
And I struggled with that thing --
480
1903000
6000
这东西让我很挣扎
32:01
how to get around the corner.
481
1909000
2000
如何回避这个角
32:03
These are the models for it.
482
1911000
3000
这些为这个做的模型
32:06
I showed you the other model, the one --
483
1914000
3000
我刚刚放的另一个模型，这个 --
32:14
this is the way I organized myself so I could make the drawing --
484
1922000
3000
这是我自我整理来画出图纸的方法
32:17
so I understood the problem.
485
1925000
6000
以便我了解问题所在
32:23
I was trying to get around this plan coupe -- how do you do it?
486
1931000
4000
我试着避开这个切角 -- 怎么做呢
32:27
Apartments, etc.
487
1935000
3000
公寓之类的
32:30
And these are the kind of study models we did.
488
1938000
2000
这些是我做的研究模型
32:32
And the one on the left is pretty awful.
489
1940000
4000
左边这个相当糟糕
32:36
You can see why I was ready to commit suicide when this one was built.
490
1944000
5000
你可以发现为什么这个方案被建成时我想自杀了
32:41
But out of it came finally this resolution, where the elevator piece
491
1949000
7000
但是从这个方案里终于出现了解决办法
32:48
worked frontally to this, parallel to this street,
492
1956000
3000
电梯在前面，与街道平行
32:51
and also parallel to here.
493
1959000
2000
同时和这边平行
32:53
And then this kind of twist, with this balcony and the skirt,
494
1961000
4000
而这个曲面，设置了阳台和裙楼
32:57
kind of like a ballerina lifting her skirt to let you into the foyer.
495
1965000
6000
像个芭蕾舞演员撩起她的裙子让我进到门厅里
33:03
The restaurants here -- the apartments and the theater, etc.
496
1971000
3000
餐厅在这边 -- 公寓和剧场，诸如此类
33:06
So it would all be built in stone, in French limestone,
497
1974000
4000
这些都会有石材建成，法国石灰石
33:10
except for this metal piece.
498
1978000
2000
除了这一片采用金属
33:12
And it faces into a park.
499
1980000
3000
而它向着公园一面
33:15
And the idea was to make this express the energy of this.
500
1983000
5000
我的概念是由此来表现建筑的活力
33:23
On the side facing the street it's much more normal,
501
1991000
4000
在向着街道的一边建筑要正常得多
33:27
except I slipped a few mansards down, so that coming on the point,
502
1995000
6000
除了我把一些折屋顶移下来
33:33
these housing units made a gesture to the corner.
503
2001000
4000
这些住宅单元对转角做出某种姿态
33:46
And this will be some kind of high-tech billboard.
504
2014000
5000
而这边将会是某种高科技广告牌
33:51
If any of you guys have any ideas for it, please contact me.
505
2019000
2000
如果你们任何人有设计它的点子
33:53
I don't know what to do.
506
2021000
2000
请联系我，我不知道该怎么办
33:58
Jay Chiat is a glutton for punishment, and he hired me
507
2026000
3000
Jay Chiat是个喜欢受罚的人，于是他雇佣了我
34:01
to do a house for him in the Hamptons.
508
2029000
2000
给他设计这个在Hamptons的住宅
34:03
And it's got a fish.
509
2031000
2000
这个设计也有条鱼
34:05
And I keep thinking, "This is going to be the last fish."
510
2033000
3000
我总是告诉自己，这是最后一条鱼了
34:08
It's like a drug addict.
511
2036000
3000
这有点像毒瘾
34:11
I say, "I'm not going to do it anymore -- I don't want to do it anymore --
512
2039000
2000
我说我不会再做这个了 -- 我也不想再做了
34:13
I'm not going to do it."
513
2041000
2000
我不做了
34:15
And then I do it.
514
2043000
2000
然后我又做了
34:17
(Laughter)
515
2045000
1000
（笑）
34:18
There it is.
516
2046000
1000
就是这个
34:19
But it's the living room.
517
2047000
1000
但是这个是起居室
34:20
And this piece here is --
518
2048000
2000
这边这个是 --
34:22
I don't know what it is.
519
2050000
2000
我不知道这是什么
34:24
I just added it so that we'd have enough money in the budget
520
2052000
2000
我加上这个只是因为这样我们才有足够的预算
34:26
so we could take something out.
521
2054000
3000
然后我就能去除某些东西
34:29
(Applause)
522
2057000
8000
（鼓掌）
34:37
This is Euro Disney, and I've worked with all of the guys
523
2065000
4000
这是欧洲迪士尼，我和之前做展示的所有人
34:41
that presented to you earlier.
524
2069000
2000
都一起合作过
34:44
We've had a lot of fun working together.
525
2072000
2000
我们一起做了很多有意思的工作
34:46
I think I'm from Mars for them, and they are for me,
526
2074000
4000
我觉得对于他们我是火星人，对于我他们也是
34:50
but somehow we all manage to work together,
527
2078000
3000
但是不知为什么我们可以在一起合作
34:53
and I think, productively.
528
2081000
4000
而且很有效率，我觉得
34:57
So far.
529
2085000
2000
目前为止
34:59
This is a shopping thing.
530
2087000
3000
这是一个消费场所
35:02
You come into the Magic Kingdom
531
2090000
3000
你进入魔法王国
35:05
and the hotel that Tony Baxter's group is doing out here.
532
2093000
4000
Tony Baxter集团做的酒店在那
35:09
And then this is a kind of a shopping mall,
533
2097000
3000
这是一个购物中心
35:12
with a rodeo and restaurants.
534
2100000
3000
有一个骑术表演场和一些餐厅
35:15
And another restaurant.
535
2103000
3000
这还有一个餐厅
35:18
What I did -- because of the Paris skies being quite dull,
536
2106000
5000
我所做的 -- 因为巴黎的天空比较枯燥
35:23
I made a light grid that's perpendicular to the train station,
537
2111000
3000
我设计了一个垂直于火车站的灯光网格
35:26
to the route of the train.
538
2114000
2000
垂直于火车的路线
35:28
It looks like it's kind of been there,
539
2116000
3000
看上去有点像它之前就在那儿了
35:31
and then crashed all these simpler forms into it.
540
2119000
4000
然后闯入这些更简但的形体里
35:35
The light grid will have a light, be lit up at night and give a
541
2123000
6000
这个光网会在晚上点亮
35:41
kind of light ceiling.
542
2129000
3000
形成某种灯光屋顶
35:52
In Switzerland -- Germany, actually -- on the Rhine across from Basel,
543
2140000
4000
在瑞士 -- 实际上是德国 -- 在巴塞尔对面的莱茵河
35:56
we did a furniture factory and a furniture museum.
544
2144000
4000
我们设计了一个家具厂和一个家具博物馆
36:00
And I tried to -- there's a Nick Grimshaw building over here,
545
2148000
3000
我尝试着 -- 这有座Nick Grimshaw设计的建筑
36:03
there's an Oldenburg sculpture over here --
546
2151000
3000
还有一座Oldenburg的雕塑
36:06
I tried to make a relationship urbanistically.
547
2154000
4000
我试着建立一种城市化的关系
36:10
And I don't gave good slides to show -- it's just been completed --
548
2158000
3000
我没有很好的幻灯来展示 -- 这个项目刚完成 --
36:13
but this piece here is this building, and these pieces here and here.
549
2161000
4000
但是这个建筑，以及这些片段
36:17
And as you pass by it's always part -- you see it as all of these pieces
550
2165000
5000
当你从中穿过的时候 -- 你看到的这些片段
36:22
accrue and become part of an overall neighborhood.
551
2170000
5000
仿佛自然生长然后成为整个周围环境的一部分
36:32
It's plaster and just zinc.
552
2180000
3000
材料是石膏和锌板
36:35
And you wonder, if this is a museum,
553
2183000
3000
你会好奇，如果这是个博物馆
36:38
what it's going to be like inside?
554
2186000
2000
那内部会是什么样子
36:40
If it's going to be so busy and crazy that you wouldn't show anything,
555
2188000
4000
如果这设计看上去这么喧哗疯狂你都不展示什么图片
36:44
and just wait.
556
2192000
2000
稍等
36:46
I'm so cunning and clever -- I made it quiet and wonderful.
557
2194000
5000
我是很狡猾又聪明的 -- 我把内部设计得很宁静美好
36:51
But on the outside it does scream out at you a bit.
558
2199000
5000
从外部它是有点咄咄逼人
36:59
It's actually basically three square rooms
559
2207000
5000
它实际基本上就是三个方形房间
37:04
with a couple of skylights and stuff.
560
2212000
2000
以及一些天窗之类的
37:06
And from the building in the back, you see it as
561
2214000
3000
从建筑背后，看上去
37:09
an iceberg floating by in the hills.
562
2217000
3000
就像是山脉上漂浮的冰山
37:15
I know I'm over time.
563
2223000
3000
我发现我超时了
37:33
See, that skylight goes down and becomes that one.
564
2241000
3000
看，右边这个天窗洒下的光成了左边这张图片
37:36
So it's pretty quiet inside.
565
2244000
4000
所以它的内部是很安静的
37:43
This is the Disney Hall -- the concert hall.
566
2251000
4000
这是迪士尼音乐厅
37:47
It's a complicated project.
567
2255000
4000
这个项目很复杂
37:51
It has a chamber hall.
568
2259000
2000
有个会议厅
37:53
It's related to an existing Chandler Pavilion that was built
569
2261000
4000
它回应了用爱和泪和关注
37:57
with a lot of love and tears and caring.
570
2265000
3000
建成的Chandler Pavilion
38:00
And it's not a great building, but I approached it optimistically,
571
2268000
5000
那不是一个太好的建筑，但是我以乐观的姿态去接近它
38:05
that we would make a compositional relationship between us
572
2273000
7000
以营造一个我们之间的构成关系
38:13
that would strengthen both of us.
573
2281000
3000
来强化我们彼此
38:16
And the plan of this -- it's a concert hall.
574
2284000
2000
而平面上 -- 这是个音乐厅
38:18
This is the foyer, which is kind of a garden structure.
575
2286000
3000
这是门厅，类似一个花园
38:21
There's commercial at the ground floor.
576
2289000
2000
在地面层上设置了广告
38:23
These are offices, which, really, in the competition,
577
2291000
4000
这是办公室，事实上在竞赛阶段
38:27
we didn't have to design.
578
2295000
2000
我们真的不用设计
38:29
But finally, there's a hotel there.
579
2297000
4000
最后，这里是一座酒店
38:33
These were the kind of relationships made to the Chandler,
580
2301000
5000
这些都和Chandler的建筑构成某种关系
38:38
composing these elevations together and relating them
581
2306000
4000
把他们的立面组成一种构成关系
38:42
to the buildings that existed -- to MOCA, etc.
582
2310000
5000
并且和加州艺术博物馆之类的相互关联起来
38:51
The acoustician in the competition gave us criteria,
583
2319000
5000
我们根据声学专家给我们列出标准
38:56
which led to this compartmentalized scheme,
584
2324000
4000
设计了这个分割体量的方案
39:00
which we found out after the competition would not work at all.
585
2328000
4000
赢得竞赛之后我们发现这个方案根本行不通
39:04
But everybody liked these forms and liked the space,
586
2332000
5000
但是大家都喜欢这个形式和它的空间
39:09
and so that's one of the problems of a competition.
587
2337000
2000
这就是竞赛的麻烦
39:11
You have to then try and get that back in some way.
588
2339000
6000
你非得想办法让你的方案实现
39:17
And we studied many models.
589
2345000
4000
我们做了很多研究模型
39:21
This was our original model.
590
2349000
2000
这是我们最初的模型
39:23
These were the three buildings that were the ideal --
591
2351000
4000
这是声学上比较理想的三个建筑
39:27
the Concertgebouw, Boston and Berlin.
592
2355000
3000
阿姆斯特丹的Concertgebouw音乐厅，波士顿音乐厅和柏林音乐厅
39:30
Everybody liked the surround.
593
2358000
3000
大家都喜欢里面的环绕音效
39:33
Actually, this is the smallest hall in size,
594
2361000
3000
实际上这是尺度最小的一个音乐厅
39:36
and it has more seats than any of these
595
2364000
3000
但是它设置的作为比其他几个都多
39:39
because it has double balconies.
596
2367000
2000
因为它设置了双层看台
39:41
Our client doesn't want balconies, so --
597
2369000
3000
我们的客户不喜欢看台
39:44
and when we met our new acoustician, he told us
598
2372000
2000
而当我们和新的升学专家碰头时他告诉我
39:46
this was the right shape or this was the right shape.
599
2374000
3000
这个形状很合适，那个形状很合适
39:49
And we tried many shapes, trying to get the energy
600
2377000
4000
我们尝试了很多形状，想把最初方案的精神
39:53
of the original design within an acoustical, acceptable format.
601
2381000
8000
通过一个声学上可以接受的形式来实现
40:01
We finally settled on a shape that was
602
2389000
2000
最终我们决定了这个形状
40:03
the proportion of the Concertgebouw
603
2391000
3000
采用Concertgebouw音乐厅的比例
40:06
with the sloping outside walls, which the acoustician said
604
2394000
5000
设置倾斜的外墙，声学专家说这个至关重要
40:11
were crucial to this and later decided they weren't,
605
2399000
3000
后来又说其实无关紧要
40:14
but now we have them.
606
2402000
2000
但反正我们是做了
40:16
(Laughter)
607
2404000
2000
（笑）
40:18
And our idea is to make the seating carriage very sculptural
608
2406000
5000
我们的概念是把坐席的结构做得充满雕塑感
40:23
and out of wood and like a big boat sitting in this plaster room.
609
2411000
6000
使用木质材料，就像停在石膏房间里的一艘大船
40:29
That's the idea.
610
2417000
2000
这是我们的概念
40:31
And the corners would have skylights
611
2419000
6000
然后在角落设置天窗
40:37
and these columns would be structural.
612
2425000
4000
这些柱子是承重的
40:41
And the nice thing about introducing columns is they give you a
613
2429000
3000
设置柱子的好处是，不管你坐在哪里
40:44
kind of sense of proscenium from wherever you sit,
614
2432000
3000
他们都给你一种置身舞台的感觉
40:47
and create intimacy.
615
2435000
2000
从而创造一种亲密感
40:49
Now, this is not a final design -- these are just on the way to being --
616
2437000
5000
这个，这不是最终设计 -- 这还在不断修改中
40:54
and so I wouldn't take it literally, except the feeling of the space.
617
2442000
6000
所以除了这个空间的感受，其他的具体情况都不那么重要
41:00
We studied the acoustics with laser stuff,
618
2448000
5000
我们用一些激光设备研究了声学条件
41:05
and they bounce them off this and see where it all works.
619
2453000
3000
他们反射激光来观察设计如何达到声学要求
41:08
But you get the sense of the hall in section.
620
2456000
2000
但是你从剖面可以了解音乐厅的大致感受
41:10
Most halls come straight down into a proscenium.
621
2458000
6000
大部分音乐厅就是一个起坡坐席放在舞台前面
41:16
In this case we're opening it back up
622
2464000
2000
在这个设计里我们把整个舞台敞开
41:18
and getting skylights in the four corners.
623
2466000
3000
在四角设置了天窗
41:21
And so it will be quite a different shape.
624
2469000
3000
于是形成了一个很不同的形体
41:28
(Laughter)
625
2476000
2000
（笑）
41:30
The original building, because it was frog-like,
626
2478000
5000
最开始的设计，因为它有点像青蛙
41:35
fit nicely on the site and cranked itself well.
627
2483000
3000
所以线条流畅，和场地契合得很好
41:38
When you get into a box, it's harder to do it -- and here we are,
628
2486000
3000
当你把它放进一个方盒子，情况就更困难了 -- 如你所见
41:41
struggling with how to put the hotel in.
629
2489000
2000
如何放置酒店让我们很挣扎
41:43
And this is a teapot I designed for Alessi.
630
2491000
3000
这是我给Alessi酒店设计的茶壶
41:46
I just stuck it on there.
631
2494000
3000
我直接把它粘在模型上
41:49
But this is how I do work. I do take pieces and bits and look at it
632
2497000
5000
但是这就是我工作的方式，我选些片段
41:54
and struggle with it and cut it away.
633
2502000
2000
把玩他们然后进行一些切削
41:56
And of course it's not going to look like that,
634
2504000
2000
当然它最后不会像这个样子
41:58
but it is the crazy way I tend to work.
635
2506000
5000
但是这就是我疯狂的工作方式
42:03
And then finally, in L.A. I was asked to do a sculpture
636
2511000
3000
最后，这是在洛杉矶，我被邀请设计一个雕塑
42:06
at the foot of Interstate Bank Tower, the highest building in L.A.
637
2514000
6000
是在洛杉矶最高的建筑Interstate Bank Tower下面
42:12
Larry Halprin is doing the stairs.
638
2520000
3000
Larry Halprin设计了这些阶梯
42:15
And I was asked to do a fish, and so I did a snake.
639
2523000
4000
他们让我设计一条鱼于是我设计了一条蛇
42:19
(Laughter)
640
2527000
1000
（笑）
42:20
It's a public space, and I made it kind of a garden structure,
641
2528000
3000
这是一个公共空间，我做了一个类似花园的建筑
42:23
and you can go in it.
642
2531000
2000
你可以进去
42:25
It's a kiva, and Larry's putting some water in there,
643
2533000
3000
这是个半地下会堂，Larry在这边设计了一些水体
42:28
and it works much better than a fish.
644
2536000
3000
这个比一条鱼好用多了
42:31
In Barcelona I was asked to do a fish, and we're working on that,
645
2539000
5000
在巴塞罗那也有人叫我设计一条鱼，我们正在设计中
42:36
at the foot of a Ritz-Carlton Tower being done by
646
2544000
3000
这是在SOM设计的
42:39
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.
647
2547000
2000
Ritz_Carlton Tower下面
42:41
And the Ritz-Carlton Tower is being designed with exposed steel,
648
2549000
3000
Ritz_Carlton Tower的设计采用了外露钢结构
42:44
non-fire proof, much like those old gas tanks.
649
2552000
4000
没有防火涂层，很像老式的汽油管
42:48
And so we took the language of this exposed steel and used it,
650
2556000
6000
所以我们采用了这个外露钢结构的建筑语言
42:54
perverted it, into the form of the fish, and created a kind of
651
2562000
8000
然后颠覆它，把它转化成一条鱼
43:02
a 19th-century contraption that looks like, that will sit --
652
2570000
5000
创造了这个有点像19世纪的机械玩意的东西，坐落在 --
43:07
this is the beach and the harbor out in front,
653
2575000
2000
这是海岸，往前是港口
43:09
and this is really a shopping center with department stores.
654
2577000
4000
这实际上是个设置了百货的购物中心
43:13
And we split these bridges.
655
2581000
2000
我们把这些连桥打散
43:15
Originally, this was all solid with a hole in it.
656
2583000
2000
最开始这是一个开洞的实体
43:17
We cut them loose and made several bridges and created a kind of
657
2585000
5000
后来我们把它分割成多个连桥
43:22
a foreground for this hotel.
658
2590000
2000
为酒店创造了某种前景
43:24
We showed this to the hotel people the other day,
659
2592000
3000
我们前一阵把这个展示给酒店的人看
43:27
and they were terrified and said that nobody would come
660
2595000
5000
他们都吓坏了，说因为这条鱼
43:32
to the Ritz-Carlton anymore, because of this fish.
661
2600000
5000
不会再有人愿意来Ritz Carlton酒店了
43:37
(Laughter)
662
2605000
3000
（笑）
43:46
And finally, I just threw these in -- Lou Danziger.
663
2614000
2000
最后的最后，我把这个设计丢给了Lou Danziger
43:48
I didn't expect Lou Danziger to be here,
664
2616000
2000
我不指望Lou Danziger会在这儿
43:50
but this is a building I did for him in 1964, I think.
665
2618000
4000
但这是我在大概1964年的时候给他设计的建筑
43:54
A little studio -- and it's sadly for sale.
666
2622000
4000
一个小工作室，遗憾的是这个建筑正被出售
43:58
Time goes on.
667
2626000
2000
时过境迁
44:00
And this is my son working with me on a small fast-food thing.
668
2628000
7000
这是我和我儿子做的快餐厅
44:07
He designed the robot as the cashier, and the head moves,
669
2635000
3000
他设计了这个头可以动的机器人当做收银员
44:10
and I did the rest of it.
670
2638000
2000
其他的是我做的
44:12
And the food wasn't as good as the stuff, and so it failed.
671
2640000
4000
食物还不如这些东西，所以餐馆算是失败了
44:16
It should have been the other way around --
672
2644000
1000
本应该是这些东西不如食物的
44:17
the food should have been good first.
673
2645000
2000
首先必须是食物要好
44:19
It didn't work.
674
2647000
1000
总之是不成
44:20
Thank you very much.
675
2648000
1000
非常感谢
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Frank Gehry - ArchitectA living legend, Frank Gehry has forged his own language of architecture, creating astonishing buildings all over the world, such as the Guggenheim in Bilbao, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in LA, and Manhattan's new IAC building.
Why you should listen
Frank Gehry is one of the world's most influential architects. His designs for the likes of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall in LA are bold statements that have imposed a new aesthetic of architecture on the world at large, enlivening streetscapes and creating new destinations. Gehry has extended his vision beyond brick-and-mortar too, collaborating with artists such as Claes Oldenberg and Richard Serra, and designing watches, teapots and a line of jewelry for Tiffany & Co.
Now in his 80s, Gehry refuses to slow down or compromise his fierce vision: He and his team at Gehry Partners are working on a $4 billion development of the Atlantic Yards in Brooklyn, and a spectacular Guggenheim museum in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, which interprets local architecture traditions into a language all his own. Incorporating local architectural motifs without simply paying lip service to Middle Eastern culture, the building bears all the hallmarks of a classic Gehry design.
Frank Gehry | Speaker | TED.com