TED2006
Joshua Prince-Ramus: Behind the design of Seattle's library
建筑大师雷默斯谈西雅图的图书馆
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,198,264 views
建筑师约书亚•普林斯•雷默斯带观众体验眼花缭乱的视觉之旅，它展示了近期的三件作品：西雅图中央图书馆、路易斯维尔（肯塔基州）的博物馆广场、以及达拉斯的查尔斯•威利剧院
Joshua Prince-Ramus - Architect
Joshua Prince-Ramus is best known as architect of the Seattle Central Library, already being hailed as a masterpiece of contemporary culture. Prince-Ramus was the founding partner of OMA New York—the American affiliate of the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in the Netherlands—and served as its Principal until he renamed the firm REX in 2006. Full bio
Joshua Prince-Ramus is best known as architect of the Seattle Central Library, already being hailed as a masterpiece of contemporary culture. Prince-Ramus was the founding partner of OMA New York—the American affiliate of the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in the Netherlands—and served as its Principal until he renamed the firm REX in 2006. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:26
I'm going to present
three projects in rapid fire.
three projects in rapid fire.
0
2000
2381
我将快速地展示三件作品
我时间不多
00:29
I don't have much time to do it.
1
4405
1571
00:30
And I want to reinforce three ideas
with that rapid-fire presentation.
with that rapid-fire presentation.
2
6000
3334
并且我想通过快速的展示来强化这三件作品的概念
第一件作品我将它的设计称之为高度理性主义
00:34
The first is what I like to call
a hyper-rational process.
a hyper-rational process.
3
9358
2976
它几乎
00:37
It's a process that takes rationality
almost to an absurd level,
almost to an absurd level,
4
12358
3897
已经理性到了荒唐的境界
它已经超过了
00:41
and it transcends all the baggage
5
16279
1905
人们通常可以接受的
00:43
that normally comes
with what people would call,
with what people would call,
6
18208
2644
理性的程度
00:45
sort of a rational
conclusion to something.
conclusion to something.
7
20876
2100
00:47
And it concludes in something
that you see here,
that you see here,
8
23000
2286
它包含了一些你看得见
但却想不到是理性主义的
00:50
that you actually wouldn't expect
as being the result of rationality.
as being the result of rationality.
9
25310
3781
一些元素
第二件
00:54
The second --
10
30070
2696
00:57
the second is that this process
does not have a signature.
does not have a signature.
11
32790
4990
这第二件作品
并没有署名
01:02
There is no authorship.
12
37804
1376
我们不知作者是谁，而通常建筑师很乐于署名
01:04
Architects are obsessed with authorship.
13
39204
2012
通常以团队形式
01:06
This is something that has
editing and it has teams,
editing and it has teams,
14
41240
2484
事实上我们在这件作品中看不到
01:08
but in fact, we no longer
see within this process,
see within this process,
15
43748
2363
传统建筑大师的创造
01:10
the traditional master architect
16
46135
1530
01:12
creating a sketch
that his minions carry out.
that his minions carry out.
17
47689
2716
而只是他的助手画出的草图
第三个，有点难度
01:16
And the third is that it challenges --
18
51739
1836
01:18
and this is, in the length of this,
very hard to support why,
very hard to support why,
19
53599
3377
以它的长度，很难把所有这些
01:21
connect all these things --
20
57000
1302
连接在一起
但它挑战了最现代意义上的灵活性
01:23
but it challenges the high modernist
notion of flexibility.
notion of flexibility.
21
58326
3203
现代主义认为，我们创造
01:26
High modernists said we will create
sort of singular spaces that are generic,
sort of singular spaces that are generic,
22
61553
3640
一种共有的单一空间
几乎所有的事都能在那里发生
01:30
almost anything can happen within them.
23
65217
1889
我把它称为射击的灵活性
01:31
I call it sort of "shotgun flexibility" --
24
67130
2026
把你的头转向这边，射击，你一定会打中目标
01:33
turn your head this way; shoot;
and you're bound to kill something.
and you're bound to kill something.
25
69180
3161
这就是现代主义的预示
01:37
So, this is the promise of high modernism:
26
72365
2075
在单一空间里，所有的事都可能发生
01:39
within a single space, actually,
any kind of activity can happen.
any kind of activity can happen.
27
74464
3223
但正如我们看见的
01:42
But as we're seeing,
28
77711
2265
01:44
operational costs are starting
to dwarf capital costs
to dwarf capital costs
29
80000
2976
对于设计而言
01:47
in terms of design parameters.
30
83000
2039
运转费用超过了资本成本
一旦有了这种想法
01:49
And so, with this sort of idea,
31
85063
1720
01:51
what happens is, whatever actually
is in the building on opening day,
is in the building on opening day,
32
86807
3258
所有正在建造中的
或者所有看似最急迫的需求
01:54
or whatever seems to be
the most immediate need,
the most immediate need,
33
90089
2263
都会阻止想法的落实
01:57
starts to dwarf the possibility
and sort of subsume it,
and sort of subsume it,
34
92376
3272
以及最后设计成果的诞生
02:00
of anything else could ever happen.
35
95672
1928
所以我们提出一种不一样的灵活性
02:02
And so we're proposing
a different kind of flexibility,
a different kind of flexibility,
36
97624
2597
我们称之为
02:05
something that we call
"compartmentalized flexibility."
"compartmentalized flexibility."
37
100245
4134
“分类的灵活性”
大致的概念就像
02:09
And the idea is that you,
within that continuum,
within that continuum,
38
104403
2339
02:11
identify a series of points,
and you design specifically to them.
and you design specifically to them.
39
106766
3128
你连续地确认一系列点，并对它们进行设计
它们会有点偏离中心
02:14
They can be pushed
off-center a little bit,
off-center a little bit,
40
109918
2017
但最后你还是会得到
02:16
but in the end you actually
still get as much
still get as much
41
111959
2113
和你最初想要的类似的效果
02:18
of that original spectrum
as you originally had hoped.
as you originally had hoped.
42
114096
2880
02:21
With high modernist flexibility,
that doesn't really work.
that doesn't really work.
43
117000
2976
而现代主义的灵活性，这点却不能成立
现在我来谈一下，我打算建造西雅图中央图书馆
02:25
Now I'm going to talk about --
44
120463
1442
02:26
I'm going to build up
the Seattle Central Library
the Seattle Central Library
45
121929
2309
你们可以看到五六个图表
02:29
in this way before your eyes
in about five or six diagrams,
in about five or six diagrams,
46
124262
2781
这就是你们将看到的设计过程
02:31
and I truly mean this is the design
process that you'll see.
process that you'll see.
47
127067
2817
我们同图书馆委员会及工作人员一起
02:34
With the library staff
and the library board,
and the library board,
48
129908
2304
确定了两个核心设置
02:37
we settled on two core positions.
49
132236
1740
02:38
This is the first one, and this
is showing, over the last 900 years,
is showing, over the last 900 years,
50
134000
3445
这是第一个，它显示了，在过去900年里，
书和其他技术的进化过程
02:42
the evolution of the book,
and other technologies.
and other technologies.
51
137469
3619
这图代表了我们对书的定位
02:45
This diagram was our sort
of position piece about the book,
of position piece about the book,
52
141112
2864
02:48
and our position was,
books are technology --
books are technology --
53
144000
2516
书本就是技术
许多人忘了这点
02:51
that's something people forget --
54
146540
1588
但是我们需要借助其他技术或媒介
02:52
but it's a form of technology
that will have to share its dominance
that will have to share its dominance
55
148152
3162
才能分享书的影响力
02:56
with any other form of truly potent
technology or media.
technology or media.
56
151338
3419
第二个预设，这个很难，
02:59
The second premise --
57
155130
1152
03:01
and this was something
that was very difficult for us
that was very difficult for us
58
156306
2491
我们花了很大力气去说服图书管理员
03:03
to convince the librarians of at first --
59
158821
1966
它们自从
03:05
is that libraries, since the inception
of Carnegie Library tradition in America,
of Carnegie Library tradition in America,
60
160811
3783
美国卡耐基图书馆的传统开始
就承担了一种第二性的社会责任
03:09
had a second responsibility,
and that was for social roles.
and that was for social roles.
61
164618
2883
好了，现在，我们稍候再说这个，但是
03:12
Ok, now, this I'll come back
to later, but something --
to later, but something --
62
167525
2588
那些图书管理员一开始会说：“不，这不是我们要管的”
03:14
actually, the librarians at first said,
"No, this isn't our mandate.
"No, this isn't our mandate.
63
170137
3207
我们管的是媒介，尤其是书
03:18
Our mandate is media,
and particularly the book."
and particularly the book."
64
173368
2706
所以你现在看到的其实是建筑的设计
03:22
So what you're seeing now
is actually the design of the building.
is actually the design of the building.
65
177463
3070
上面的图表
03:25
The upper diagram is what we had seen
66
180557
2452
是我们在整个当代图书馆里看到的
03:27
in a whole host of contemporary libraries
that used high modernist flexibility.
that used high modernist flexibility.
67
183033
4541
它们运用到了现代主义的灵活性
就是那种，任何事在任何地方都可能发生的
03:32
Sort of, any activity
could happen anywhere.
could happen anywhere.
68
187598
2402
03:35
We don't know the future of the library;
we don't know the future of the book;
we don't know the future of the book;
69
190679
3702
我们不知道图书馆的未来，也不知道书的未来
所以我们用这个方法
03:39
and so, we'll use this approach.
70
194405
1579
我们看到的建筑千人一面
03:40
And what we saw were buildings
that were very generic, and worse --
that were very generic, and worse --
71
196008
3180
更糟的是并不只是看上去非常相似
03:44
not only were they very generic --
72
199212
1698
不只是阅览室和文印室
03:45
so, not only does the reading room
look like the copy room
look like the copy room
73
200934
2742
或者和杂志区长得差不多
03:48
look like the magazine area --
74
203700
1498
更重要的是它意味着
03:50
but it meant that whatever issue
was troubling the library at that moment
was troubling the library at that moment
75
205222
3726
所有图书馆里发生的事
03:53
was starting to engulf every other
activity that was happening in it.
activity that was happening in it.
76
208972
3515
都会相互干扰相互影响
在这种情况下
03:57
And in this case,
what was getting engulfed
what was getting engulfed
77
212511
2249
书的社会责任之延伸将得不到发挥
03:59
were these social responsibilities
by the expansion of the book.
by the expansion of the book.
78
214784
3016
所以我们提出了下面的这个图
04:02
And so we proposed
what's at the lower diagram.
what's at the lower diagram.
79
217824
2215
很土的办法
04:04
Very dumb approach:
simply compartmentalize.
simply compartmentalize.
80
220063
3087
简化分类，将这些我们可以预料的事
04:07
Put those things whose evolution
we could predict --
we could predict --
81
223174
2453
我并不是说我们可以预测未来发生什么
04:10
and I don't mean that we could say
what would actually happen in the future,
what would actually happen in the future,
82
225651
3583
但是我们很确信有这种
04:14
but we have some certainty of the spectrum
of what would happen in the future --
of what would happen in the future --
83
229258
3886
未来发生的可能性
把这些东西放在一个专门设计的盒子里
04:17
put those in boxes designed
specifically for it,
specifically for it,
84
233168
2250
而把那些无法预测的放在屋顶
04:20
and put the things that we can't
predict on the rooftops.
predict on the rooftops.
85
235442
2694
这就是核心思想
04:22
So that was the core idea.
86
238160
1247
现在，为了让图书管理员认识到这一点
04:24
Now, we had to convince the library
87
239431
1694
我们必须说服他们
04:25
that social roles were
equally important to media,
equally important to media,
88
241149
3666
社会责任和媒介的作用一样重要
04:29
in order to get them to accept this.
89
244839
1779
你现在看到的左边的是他们的程序
04:31
What you're seeing here is actually
their program on the left.
their program on the left.
90
246642
3000
和我们拿到它时一样的色彩鲜艳
04:34
That's as it was given to us
in all of its clarity and glory.
in all of its clarity and glory.
91
249666
4037
我们的第一步是重新组合它们
04:38
Our first operation was to re-digest it
back to them, show it to them and say,
back to them, show it to them and say,
92
253727
4288
回去跟他们说
“你们知道吗，我们一点都没动过
04:42
"You know what? We haven't touched it,
93
258039
1937
04:44
but only one-third of your own program
is dedicated to media and books.
is dedicated to media and books.
94
260000
3387
但你们的程序只有1/3是和媒介及书有关的
而剩下的三分之二，就是下面的白色部分
04:48
Two-thirds of it is already dedicated --
95
263411
1949
04:50
that's the white band below,
the thing you said isn't important --
the thing you said isn't important --
96
265384
3111
你们说它不重要的
已经起到了社会功能
04:53
is already dedicated to social functions."
97
268519
2009
所以，一旦我们把这个重新给他们看
04:55
So once we had presented
that back to them,
that back to them,
98
270552
2181
他们同意这种核心概念能有效
04:57
they agreed that this sort
of core concept could work.
of core concept could work.
99
272757
2571
我们可以回到最重要的
05:00
We got the right to go back
to first principles --
to first principles --
100
275352
2354
第三个图表，我们把一切重新组合
05:02
that's the third diagram.
101
277730
1210
05:03
We recombined everything.
102
278964
1206
然后我们开始做新的决定
05:04
And then we started making new decisions.
103
280194
1958
你们看到的右边是对图书馆的设计
05:06
What you're seeing on the right
is the design of the library,
is the design of the library,
104
282176
2873
尤其是面积空间上
05:09
specifically in terms of square footage.
105
285073
1921
左边，这里
05:11
On the left of that diagram, here,
you'll see a series of five platforms --
you'll see a series of five platforms --
106
287018
4958
你会看见
一系列的五个平台
05:16
sort of combs, collective programs.
107
292000
1976
梳理整合好的程序
05:18
And on the right are the more
indeterminate spaces;
indeterminate spaces;
108
294000
2405
而右边不确定的空间
比如阅览室
05:21
things like reading rooms,
109
296429
1251
05:22
whose evolution in 20, 30, 40 years
we can't predict.
we can't predict.
110
297704
2685
我们无法判断它未来20，30，40年的发展
所以这就是初步的设计
05:25
So that literally was the design
of the building.
of the building.
111
300413
2309
他们签字同意了，但让他们懊恼的是
05:27
They signed it, and to their chagrin,
112
302746
2135
05:29
we came back a week later,
and we presented them this.
and we presented them this.
113
304905
3071
一个星期以后，我们回来，向他们展示了这个
05:32
And as you can see, it is literally
the diagram on the right.
the diagram on the right.
114
308000
2897
你可以看到，这和那个图表面上看很契合
我们只是
05:35
(Laughter)
115
310921
1001
05:36
We just sized -- no, really,
I mean that, literally.
I mean that, literally.
116
311946
2430
噢，我说真的，表面上看
左边这些
05:39
The things on the left-hand side
of the diagram,
of the diagram,
117
314400
2362
就像图上的，是盒子
05:41
those are the boxes.
118
316786
1190
05:42
We sized them into five compartments.
They're super-efficient.
They're super-efficient.
119
318000
2929
我们把他们放进了五个部分
超级高效，我们预算很低
05:45
We had a very low budget to work with.
120
320953
1872
我们就这样建造
05:47
We pushed them around on the site
121
322849
1580
非常清楚的上下关系
05:49
to make very literal
contextual relationships.
contextual relationships.
122
324453
2213
从阅览室里可以看到下面的水
05:51
The reading room
should be able to see the water.
should be able to see the water.
123
326690
2313
主入口前有一个广场
05:53
The main entrance should have
a public plaza in front of it
a public plaza in front of it
124
329027
2781
遵守区域编号，排列
05:56
to abide by the zoning code, and so forth.
125
331832
2121
你可以看到五个平台
05:59
So, you see the five platforms,
those are the boxes.
those are the boxes.
126
334397
2453
五个盒子，每个专供一项特殊的用途
06:01
within each one, a very discrete
thing is happening.
thing is happening.
127
336874
2429
而中间是现代化的联结
06:04
The area in between
is sort of an urban continuum,
is sort of an urban continuum,
128
339327
2347
这些我们无法预料未来发展进度的
06:06
these things that we can't predict
their evolution to the same degree.
their evolution to the same degree.
129
341698
3350
为了向你们展现这种想法的强大力量
06:10
To give you some sense
of the power of this idea,
of the power of this idea,
130
345490
2486
06:12
the biggest block
is what we call the book spiral.
is what we call the book spiral.
131
348000
2976
最大的这一块我们称之为书螺旋
06:15
It's literally built
in a very inexpensive way --
in a very inexpensive way --
132
351000
2334
很简单，造价也不贵
它就像一个”停书场“
06:18
it is a parking garage for books.
133
353358
2618
06:20
It just so happens to be on the 6th
through 10th floors of the building,
through 10th floors of the building,
134
356000
3487
从6楼到10楼
但并不贵
06:24
but that is not necessarily
an expensive approach.
an expensive approach.
135
359511
3275
06:27
And it allows us to organize
the entire Dewey Decimal System
the entire Dewey Decimal System
136
362810
2826
它使得我们可以连续地使用杜威十进制图书排列法
06:30
on one continuous run; no matter how it
grows or contracts within the building,
grows or contracts within the building,
137
365660
3871
无论书的数量怎样扩张
还是可以整理得很清楚
06:34
it will always have its clarity
to end the sort of trail of tears
to end the sort of trail of tears
138
369555
4421
我们以前都曾对公共图书馆很无语
06:38
that we've all experienced
in public libraries.
in public libraries.
139
374000
2729
经常找不到书
06:41
(Laughter)
140
376753
1223
(笑声)
06:42
And so this was the final operation,
141
378000
1731
而最后一步就是把这些楼层
06:44
which was to take these blocks
as they were all pushed off kilter,
as they were all pushed off kilter,
142
379755
3121
整合在一起
设计一个漂亮的外观
06:47
and to hold onto them with a skin.
143
382900
2076
06:49
That skin serves double duty,
again, for economics.
again, for economics.
144
385000
2976
这个外观必须有两层作用
06:52
One, it is the lateral stability
for the entire building;
for the entire building;
145
388000
2976
第一，维持整个建筑横向的稳定
06:55
it's a structural element.
146
391000
1262
这是结构层面的，但它的作用不仅在于此
06:57
But its dimensions were designed
not only for structure,
not only for structure,
147
392286
2627
它还必须保证所有玻璃的安装
06:59
but also for holding on
every piece of glass.
every piece of glass.
148
394937
2251
使得玻璃融合一体
07:02
The glass was then --
I'll use the word impregnated --
I'll use the word impregnated --
149
397212
2764
07:04
but it had a layer of metal
that was called "stretched metal."
that was called "stretched metal."
150
400000
3412
但它有所谓的一层受力金属
就像微型天窗
07:08
That metal acts as a microlouver,
151
403436
1838
隔离外部的阳光
07:10
so from the exterior of the building,
the sun sees it as totally opaque,
the sun sees it as totally opaque,
152
405298
3381
却能保持室内光线通透
07:13
but from the interior,
it's entirely transparent.
it's entirely transparent.
153
408703
2674
现在，我将带你们领略一下这个建筑
07:16
So now I'm going to take you
on a tour of the building.
on a tour of the building.
154
411401
2747
07:19
Let me see if I can find it.
155
414871
1374
我来找找看
07:21
For anyone who gets
motion sickness, I apologize.
motion sickness, I apologize.
156
416269
3269
抱歉
这就是那幢建筑
07:25
So, this is the building.
157
420233
1428
我认为重要的是，当我们首次展示这个建筑
07:28
And I think what's important is,
when we first unveiled the building,
when we first unveiled the building,
158
424029
3857
公众普遍认为
07:32
the public saw it as being
totally about our whim and ego.
totally about our whim and ego.
159
427910
4066
这只是我们一时的野心和兴致
07:36
And it was defended,
believe it or not, by the librarians.
believe it or not, by the librarians.
160
432000
2842
但信不信由你们，这个建筑得到了图书管理员们的拥护
07:39
They said, "Look,
we don't know what it is,
we don't know what it is,
161
434866
2024
他们说：”我们不知这是啥，
07:41
but we know it's everything
that we need it to be,
that we need it to be,
162
436914
2365
但根据我们观察
07:44
based on the observations
that we've done about the program."
that we've done about the program."
163
439303
3136
它有了我们需要的一切“
这是个入口
07:49
This is going into one of the entries.
164
445085
1984
这是个很特别的公共图书馆
07:51
So, it's an unusual building
for a public library, obviously.
for a public library, obviously.
165
447093
3361
很显然
07:58
So now we're going
into what we call the living room.
into what we call the living room.
166
454000
3601
我们去看一下阅览室，错了，是大厅
这其实是我们发明的一个空间
08:02
This is actually a program
that we invented with the library.
that we invented with the library.
167
457625
2872
将图书馆作为
08:05
It was recognizing that public libraries
168
460521
1917
一个公众的自由空间
08:07
are the last vestige of public free space.
169
462462
2785
在西雅图市中心
08:10
There are plenty of shopping malls
that allow you to get out of the rain
that allow you to get out of the rain
170
465271
3428
有许多购物广场，你避雨的时候可以去
08:13
in downtown Seattle,
171
468723
1156
但却没有多少
08:14
but there are not so many free places
172
469903
2927
自由空间让你避雨
08:17
that allow you to get out of the rain.
173
472854
1821
而这就是一个人们可以做很多事的空间
08:19
So this was an unprogrammed area where
people could pretty much do anything,
people could pretty much do anything,
174
474699
3586
包括吃，叫喊，下棋等等
08:23
including eat, yell,
play chess and so forth.
play chess and so forth.
175
478309
2109
现在我们往上
08:25
Now we're moving up into what we call
the mixing chamber.
the mixing chamber.
176
480442
4006
这是一个混合区
也是整座建筑的主体
08:29
That was the main
technology area in the building.
technology area in the building.
177
484472
2928
如果我走得太快，你们可以提出
08:32
You'll have to tell me
if I'm going too fast for you.
if I'm going too fast for you.
178
487424
2576
现在上来
08:39
And now up.
179
494201
1150
这个其实是我们特地设计的
08:45
This is actually the place
that we put into the building
that we put into the building
180
500566
2629
好让我向我妻子求婚，就是这里
08:48
so I could propose
to my wife, right there.
to my wife, right there.
181
503219
2033
(笑声)
08:50
(Laughter)
182
505276
2119
08:52
She said yes.
183
508000
1159
她答应了
08:53
(Laughter)
184
509183
2000
08:57
I'm running out of time,
so I'm actually going to stop.
so I'm actually going to stop.
185
512593
2581
我快没时间了，所以就此打住
我可以晚些再向你们展示
08:59
I can show this to you later.
186
515198
1778
09:01
But let's see if I can very quickly
get into the book spiral,
get into the book spiral,
187
517000
3283
但我们试试看能不能快点看一下书螺旋
因为我觉得它是最……
09:05
because I think it's,
as I said, the most --
as I said, the most --
188
520307
2064
这是主阅览室，书螺旋是整座建筑最独特的地方
09:07
this is the main reading room --
the most unique part of the building.
the most unique part of the building.
189
522395
3317
你们晕了吗？
09:11
You dizzy yet?
190
526768
1166
好，这就是书螺旋
09:13
Ok, so here, this is the book spiral.
191
529141
1825
看不清
09:21
So, it's very indiscernible,
192
536395
1933
但实际上它是不断在上升
09:23
but it's actually
a continuous stair-stepping.
a continuous stair-stepping.
193
538352
3501
09:26
It allows you to, on one city block,
194
541877
1992
让你在一层楼
09:28
go up one full floor,
so that it's on a continuum.
so that it's on a continuum.
195
543893
2695
不断连续地向上
好，现在我们谈谈第二个作品
09:36
Ok, now I'm going to go back,
and I'm going to hit a second project.
and I'm going to hit a second project.
196
551491
3485
09:39
I'm going to go very,
very quickly through this.
very quickly through this.
197
555000
2263
我会很快
这是达拉斯剧院，我们一个很特别的客户
09:42
Now this is the Dallas Theater.
198
557287
1680
09:43
It was an unusual client for us,
because they came to us and they said,
because they came to us and they said,
199
558991
3348
因为他们来找我们，说
我们需要你们建一栋新楼
09:47
"We need you to do a new building.
200
562363
1706
09:48
We've been working
in a temporary space for 30 years,
in a temporary space for 30 years,
201
564093
3426
我们已经在临时房里工作了30年
就是因为那临时房
09:52
but because of that temporary space,
202
567543
1723
我们的剧院公司臭名昭著
09:54
we've become an infamous theater company.
203
569290
2863
我们的剧院主要针对纽约，芝加哥，西雅图
09:56
Theater is really focused in New York,
Chicago and Seattle,
Chicago and Seattle,
204
572177
2961
这是我们达拉斯剧院公司的一些期望”
09:59
with the exception
of the Dallas Theater Company."
of the Dallas Theater Company."
205
575162
3097
而他们在临时性场地工作的事实
10:03
And the very fact that they worked
in a provisional space
in a provisional space
206
578283
2696
说明他们可以随便弄垮一面墙
10:05
meant that for Beckett,
they could blow out a wall;
they could blow out a wall;
207
581003
2443
或者像樱桃园一样在地上挖洞，等等
10:08
they could do "Cherry Orchard" and blow
a hole through the floor, and so forth.
a hole through the floor, and so forth.
208
583470
3742
所以要为他们造一幢新楼对我们是一项令人畏惧的工作
10:12
So it was a very daunting task
for us to do a brand-new building
for us to do a brand-new building
209
587236
3032
要保持完好无损的外表
10:15
that could be a pristine building,
210
590292
2054
又要允许他们在里面做各种试验性的事
10:17
but keep this kind of experimental nature.
211
592370
2019
第二点是，这家公司是我们常说的
10:19
And the second is,
212
594413
1198
10:20
they were what we call
a multi-form theater,
a multi-form theater,
213
595635
2878
多功能剧院
10:23
they do different kinds
of performances in repertory.
of performances in repertory.
214
598537
2606
他们安排各种剧目的表演
比如早上，
10:25
So they in the morning
will do something in arena,
will do something in arena,
215
601167
2809
他们会安排竞技场表演
10:28
then they'll do something
in proscenium and so forth.
in proscenium and so forth.
216
604000
2493
然后还有些幕前表演等等
所以他们需要很快地
10:31
And so they needed to be able
to quickly transform
to quickly transform
217
606517
2349
在各种剧目间转换
10:33
between different theater organizations,
218
608890
1926
而由于预算
10:35
and for operational budget reasons,
219
610840
1685
现在一般的美国剧院公司
10:37
this actually no longer
happens in pretty much
happens in pretty much
220
612549
2163
都不做这种形式
10:39
any multi-form theater
in the United States,
in the United States,
221
614736
2240
10:41
so we needed to figure out
a way to overcome that.
a way to overcome that.
222
617000
2475
因此我们要想法克服这一点
所以我们的想法是把剧院放在前面
10:44
So our thought was to literally
put the theater on its head:
put the theater on its head:
223
619499
2823
然后把前面说的这些分为前部和后部
10:47
to take those things
that were previously defined
that were previously defined
224
622346
2310
10:49
as front-of-house and back-of-house
225
624680
1675
以及上部和下部
10:51
and stack them above house
and below house,
and below house,
226
626379
2008
把它建成一个剧院机器
10:53
and to create what we called
a theater machine.
a theater machine.
227
628411
2199
我们投钱进去
10:55
We invest the money
in the operation of the building.
in the operation of the building.
228
630634
2483
所有的钱都会通过剧院的演出
10:57
It's almost as though the building
could be placed anywhere,
could be placed anywhere,
229
633141
2822
11:00
wherever you place it,
230
635987
1152
得到回报
11:01
the area under it is charged
for theatrical performances.
for theatrical performances.
231
637163
2730
这让我们回到最初
11:04
And it allowed us to go back
to first principles,
to first principles,
232
639917
2322
重新设计舞台塔，音箱
11:07
and redefine fly tower, acoustic
enclosure, light enclosure and so forth.
enclosure, light enclosure and so forth.
233
642263
3582
灯光等
11:10
And at the push of a button,
234
645869
1470
同时，只要一按键
11:12
it allows the artistic director
to move between proscenium, thrust,
to move between proscenium, thrust,
235
647363
3627
艺术导演就可以在舞台，竞技场
之间穿梭
11:15
and in fact, arena
and traverse and flat floor,
and traverse and flat floor,
236
651014
3791
11:19
in a very quick transfiguration.
237
654829
2395
这是一种很快的转换
所以事实上，用那些运营成本
11:22
So in fact, using
operational budget, we can --
operational budget, we can --
238
657248
3422
抱歉，是资本成本，我们可以达到
11:25
sorry, capital cost --
we can actually achieve
we can actually achieve
239
660694
2192
11:27
what was no longer achievable
in operational cost.
in operational cost.
240
662910
2471
难以置信的效果
这意味着艺术导演
11:30
And that means that the artistic director
241
665898
1953
11:32
now has a palette that he or she
can choose from,
can choose from,
242
667875
2365
现在可以选择
不同表演方式
11:35
between a series of forms
and a series of processions,
and a series of processions,
243
670264
3498
由于剧院设计的关系
11:38
because that enclosure around the theater
that is normally trapped
that is normally trapped
244
673786
3124
原本孤立的前后部得以贯通
11:41
with front-of-house and back-of-house
spaces has been liberated.
spaces has been liberated.
245
676934
3042
空间得到了有效的利用
11:44
So an artistic director has the ability
to have a performance
to have a performance
246
680000
3269
艺术导演可以
表演一出瓦格纳的戏
11:48
that enters in a Wagnerian procession,
247
683293
2115
然后把它改变成
11:50
shows the first act in thrust,
248
685432
2335
希腊的过渡场景
11:52
the intermission in a Greek procession,
249
687791
3185
11:55
second act in arena, and so forth.
250
691000
1818
再到竞技场表演第二幕，等等
我现在要展示给你们看，这到底意味着什么
11:58
So I'm going to show you
what this actually means.
what this actually means.
251
693254
2351
这就是剧院
12:00
This is the theater up close.
252
695629
1768
其实周围的每一部分都可以秘密打开
12:02
Any portion around the theater
actually can be opened discretely.
actually can be opened discretely.
253
697421
3086
照明可以分开
12:07
The light enclosure can be lifted
separate to the acoustic enclosure,
separate to the acoustic enclosure,
254
702515
3898
这些都拿掉你可以演贝克纳
12:11
so you can do Beckett
with Dallas as the backdrop.
with Dallas as the backdrop.
255
706437
2484
把达拉斯作为背景
周围打开，你可以让摩托车进去
12:14
Portions can be opened,
256
710146
1165
12:16
so you can now actually have motorcycles
drive directly into the performance,
drive directly into the performance,
257
711335
3643
直接上舞台，甚至可以由开放式的表演
12:19
or you can even just have
an open-air performance,
an open-air performance,
258
715002
2402
或者是便于转场
12:22
or for intermissions.
259
717428
1166
这些结构中的所有包厢都可以移动
12:23
The balconies all move to go
between those configurations,
between those configurations,
260
719094
2733
或者拿掉
12:26
but they also disappear.
261
721851
1285
幕前部分也可以拿掉
12:28
The proscenium line can also disappear.
262
723517
2120
你可以搬来巨大的东西，事实上
12:30
You can bring enormous objects in,
263
726129
1841
12:32
so in fact, the Dallas Theater Company --
264
727994
1991
达拉斯剧院的第一场秀
是关于查尔斯·林德伯格的
12:34
their first show will be a play
about Charles Lindbergh,
about Charles Lindbergh,
265
730009
2651
他们将搬来真的飞行器
12:37
and they'll want to bring in
a real aircraft.
a real aircraft.
266
732684
2292
12:39
And then it also provides them,
in the off-season,
in the off-season,
267
735000
2611
这也让他们
在非演出季的时候
12:42
the ability to actually rent out
their space for entirely different things.
their space for entirely different things.
268
737635
5206
可以把场地租出去
12:48
This is it from a distance.
269
744000
2655
这是夜晚，抱歉，远处看
12:53
Open up entire portions
for different kinds of events.
for different kinds of events.
270
748921
2988
把所用部分都打开，准备不同的活动
12:56
And at night.
271
751933
1151
这是在晚上
一样的，去掉灯光，保留声音
12:59
Again, remove the light enclosure;
keep the acoustic enclosure.
keep the acoustic enclosure.
272
755092
3878
可以演鬼片
13:04
This is a monster truck show.
273
759676
1878
现在我将要展示最后一件作品
13:06
I'm going to show now the last project.
274
761578
1891
也是一个特别的客户
13:08
This also is an unusual client.
275
763493
1483
13:09
They inverted the whole idea
of development.
of development.
276
765000
2473
他们颠覆了整个发展的思路
和一般的开发商不同，他们过来跟我们说
13:12
They came to us and they said --
unlike normal developers --
unlike normal developers --
277
767497
2827
“我们想从
13:15
they said, "We want to start out
278
770348
1537
13:16
by providing a contemporary
art museum in Louisville.
art museum in Louisville.
279
771909
2749
当代艺术馆开始”
在路易斯维尔，这就是我们主要的目标“
13:19
That's our main goal."
280
774682
1204
13:20
And so instead of being a developer
that sees an opportunity to make money,
that sees an opportunity to make money,
281
775910
3595
和一般开发商看到赚钱的机会不同
他们希望在市中心
13:24
they saw an ability to be
a catalyst in their downtown.
a catalyst in their downtown.
282
779529
3021
制造一些刺激因素
13:27
And the fact that they wanted to support
the contemporary art museum
the contemporary art museum
283
782574
3580
他们建立起一种预期
来支持当代艺术
13:30
actually built their pro forma,
284
786178
1557
并且为此奋斗
13:32
so they worked in reverse.
285
787759
1317
而那种预期
13:34
And that pro forma led us
286
789431
1545
13:35
to a mixed-use building
that was very large,
that was very large,
287
791000
2976
引导我们建造一幢很大的多功能建筑
13:38
in order to support
their aspirations of the art,
their aspirations of the art,
288
794000
2304
可以支持他们的艺术灵感
同时为艺术本身提供机会
13:41
but it also opened up opportunities
for the art itself
for the art itself
289
796328
2547
与商业空间整合，互动
13:43
to collaborate, interact
with commercial spaces
with commercial spaces
290
798899
2220
这才是现代艺术家期望的工作环境
13:45
that actually artists more
and more want to work within.
and more want to work within.
291
801143
2760
这也迫使我们去思考
13:49
And it also charged us
with thinking about how to have
with thinking about how to have
292
804356
3025
如何把两种功能
13:52
something that was both a single building
293
807405
1964
融合在一幢建筑里
13:54
and a credible sort of sub-building.
294
809393
2583
13:56
So this is Louisville's skyline,
295
812000
2543
现在我将，这是路易斯维尔的地平线
我将带你们穿过
13:59
and I'm going to take
you through the various constraints
you through the various constraints
296
814567
2680
各种各样的限制去看到这个项目
14:02
that led to the project.
297
817271
1193
首先，空间上的限制
14:03
First: the physical constraints.
298
818488
1539
事实上我们要在三个分散的点之间建造
14:04
We actually had to operate
on three discrete sites,
on three discrete sites,
299
820051
2401
而它们在体积上都比这建筑小
14:07
all of them well smaller
than the size of the building.
than the size of the building.
300
822476
2881
首先，是新的爱立中心
14:10
We had to operate next to the new
Muhammad Ali Center, and respect it.
Muhammad Ali Center, and respect it.
301
825381
3683
我们必须在风格上与它协调
必须建造在100年漫滩的范围内
14:13
We had to operate
within the 100-year floodplain.
within the 100-year floodplain.
302
829088
2298
现在这块地方，每三到四年犯一次洪水
14:16
Now, this area floods
three to four times a year,
three to four times a year,
303
831410
2315
我们选址的后面还有一码头
14:18
and there's a levee behind our site,
304
833749
1737
和新奥尔良损坏的那个很相似
14:20
similar to the ones
that broke in New Orleans.
that broke in New Orleans.
305
835510
2280
我们必须在I-64长廊后施工
14:23
Had to operate behind the I-64 corridor,
306
838687
4202
14:27
a street that cuts through the middle
of these separate sites.
of these separate sites.
307
842913
2916
这条街把地分割成几部分
所有的这些……
14:30
So we're starting to build a sort of
nightmare of constraints in a bathtub.
nightmare of constraints in a bathtub.
308
845853
4566
简直是灾难
这块地下面
14:35
Underneath the bathtub
are the city's main power lines.
are the city's main power lines.
309
850443
3389
有城市的主要电线
他们想在那里建一条徒步走廊
14:39
And there is a pedestrian corridor
that they wanted to add,
that they wanted to add,
310
854699
2801
可以将周围的建筑连成一体
14:42
that would link a series
of cultural buildings,
of cultural buildings,
311
857524
2950
同时这也是一条景观走道
14:45
and a view corridor --
because this is the historic district --
because this is the historic district --
312
860498
2966
由于这是历史区，他们不希望被新房子挡住
14:48
that they didn't want to obstruct
with a new building.
with a new building.
313
863488
2548
(笑声)
现在我们将扩建1100万平方英尺
14:50
(Laughter)
314
866060
1040
14:51
And now we're going to add
1.1 million square feet.
1.1 million square feet.
315
867124
2573
如果我们按常规做法
14:54
And if we did the traditional thing,
that 1.1 million square feet --
that 1.1 million square feet --
316
870125
3215
当然这个项目会有不同
14:58
these are the different programs --
317
873364
1672
14:59
the traditional thing would be to identify
the public elements, place them on sites,
the public elements, place them on sites,
318
875060
3964
传统的做法就是识别一些公共元素，保持不动
这样就会有一个很糟的结果
15:03
and now we'd have a really
terrible situation:
terrible situation:
319
879048
2175
会出现整体和谐中的突兀
15:06
a public thing in the middle
of a bathtub that floods.
of a bathtub that floods.
320
881247
2729
15:09
And then we would size
all the other elements --
all the other elements --
321
885000
2597
然后我们会安排其他的一些元素
一些商业元素
15:12
the different commercial elements:
322
887621
1655
酒店，奢侈住房，办公楼等
15:14
hotel, luxury housing,
offices and so forth --
offices and so forth --
323
889300
2143
这些建筑会在上层
15:16
and dump it on top.
324
891467
1205
15:17
And we would create
something that was unviable.
something that was unviable.
325
892696
2964
我们的这些建筑无法独立存在
15:20
In fact -- and you know this -- this
is called the Time Warner Building.
is called the Time Warner Building.
326
895684
3745
事实上，就像时代华纳大楼
(笑声)
15:24
(Laughter)
327
899453
1674
我们的战略非常简单
15:25
So our strategy was very simple.
328
901151
1825
15:27
Just lift the entire block,
329
903000
3111
把整个街区向上提升
把一些建筑重新组合
15:30
flip some of the elements over,
330
906135
1635
15:32
reposition them
so they have appropriate views
so they have appropriate views
331
907794
2810
使它们看起来更协调，关系更紧密
15:35
and relationships to downtown,
332
910628
1636
改变建筑间的关系以及道路的排列
15:37
and make circulation connections
and reroute the road.
and reroute the road.
333
912288
3453
好了，这是基本的概念
15:40
So that's the basic concept,
334
915765
1527
现在我想你们展示它的效果
15:42
and now I'm going to show you
what it leads to.
what it leads to.
335
917316
2330
15:45
Ok, it seems a very formal,
willful gesture,
willful gesture,
336
920916
2555
好的，它看上去是一个有力的象征
完全超出一般的限制
15:48
but something derived entirely
out of the constraints.
out of the constraints.
337
923495
2548
一样的是，当它被揭幕时，也面临了种种质疑
15:50
And again, when we unveiled it,
there was a sort of nervousness
there was a sort of nervousness
338
926067
2981
这就像建筑师作了一个声明
15:53
that this was about an architect
making a statement,
making a statement,
339
929072
2437
却不去解决问题
15:56
not an architect who was attempting
to solve a series of problems.
to solve a series of problems.
340
931533
3592
有一系列的问题
现在，正如我说的，我们有能力
15:59
Now, within that center zone, as I said,
341
935149
2294
在那片中心区域组合一系列的事
16:02
we have the ability to mix
a series of things.
a series of things.
342
937467
2155
所以你们可以看到这些
16:04
So here, this is sort of an x-ray --
343
939646
2723
这些，这塔就像x射线
16:07
the towers are totally developer-driven.
344
942393
1935
这些都是由发展商决定的，他们告诉我们面积的标准
16:09
They told us the dimensions,
the sizes and so forth,
the sizes and so forth,
345
944352
2450
而我们主要关注公共元素
16:11
and we focused on taking
all the public components --
all the public components --
346
946826
2497
大厅，酒吧，
16:14
the lobbies, the bars --
347
949347
1292
所有关于商业的
16:15
everything that different commercial
elements would have,
elements would have,
348
950663
3313
16:18
and combined it in the center,
in the sort of subway map,
in the sort of subway map,
349
954000
2976
并把他们在中心整合，就像四通八达的地铁图
16:21
in the transfer zone that would also
include the contemporary art museum.
include the contemporary art museum.
350
957000
3718
在过渡区域由当代博物馆
所以大致就是这个样子
16:25
So it creates a situation like this,
where you have artists who can operate
where you have artists who can operate
351
960742
4065
我们有艺术家在里面工作
16:29
within an art space that also has
an amazing view on the 22nd floor,
an amazing view on the 22nd floor,
352
964831
3878
22楼的艺术空间有惊人的视野
但是馆长可以选择
16:33
but it also has proximity that the curator
can either open or close.
can either open or close.
353
968733
3457
是否开放这一区域
人们可以在那里骑自行车锻炼
16:37
It allows people
on exercise bicycles to be seen,
on exercise bicycles to be seen,
354
972214
3206
观赏艺术，或成为艺术的一部分等
16:40
or to see the art, and so forth.
355
975444
1675
如果有的艺术家很想尝试游泳池这样的空间
16:41
It also means that if an artist wants
to invade something like a swimming pool,
to invade something like a swimming pool,
356
977143
3720
在这里他们可以在游泳池内进行展览
16:45
they can begin to do their exhibition
in a swimming pool,
in a swimming pool,
357
980887
2710
这与一般的当代艺术相比
16:48
so they're not forced to always
work within the confines
work within the confines
358
983621
2637
使他们不用再恪守固定的局限
16:51
of a contemporary gallery space.
359
986282
1535
所以，怎么造这个
16:52
So, how to build this.
360
987841
1167
很简单，这是一张椅子
16:53
It's very simple: it's a chair.
361
989032
1944
16:55
So, we begin by building the cores.
362
991000
3432
我们先开始建造主体部分
同时也建造当代艺术博物馆
16:59
As we're building the cores, we build
the contemporary art museum at grade.
the contemporary art museum at grade.
363
994456
3544
这会使得我们非常高效，也很省钱
17:02
That allows us to have
incredible efficiency and cost efficiency.
incredible efficiency and cost efficiency.
364
998024
3066
这幢建筑预算并不高
17:05
This is not a high-budget building.
365
1001114
1701
当主体物分建到中层时
17:07
The moment the cores get to mid level,
366
1002839
1849
艺术博物馆封顶，开始安装机械设备
17:09
we finish the art museum; we put
all the mechanical equipment in it;
all the mechanical equipment in it;
367
1004712
3195
然后在这里建个平面
17:12
and then we jack it up into the air.
368
1007931
1745
他们也是这样造大型飞机库的
17:14
This is how they build
really large aircraft hangars,
really large aircraft hangars,
369
1009700
2489
比如他们为空客A380早的
17:17
for instance, the ones
that they did for the A380.
that they did for the A380.
370
1012213
2360
主体框架搭建完成后开始填充血肉
17:19
Finish the cores, finish the meat
371
1014597
1840
然后你们可以看到就像这个
17:21
and you get something
that looks like this.
that looks like this.
372
1016461
2013
现在我大概只有30秒，我马上开始
17:23
Now I only have about 30 seconds,
373
1018498
1578
一个动画片，我们将以此结束
17:24
so I want to start an animation,
374
1020100
1898
17:26
and we'll conclude with that.
375
1022022
1395
17:28
Thank you.
376
1023441
1388
掌声
17:29
(Applause)
377
1024853
4123
17:33
Chris asked me to add --
378
1029000
1976
Chris希望我加几句
17:35
the theater is under construction,
379
1031000
1776
剧院正在建造
17:37
and this project will start
construction in about a year,
construction in about a year,
380
1032800
2724
而这个工程将在大约一年后开工
2010年完工
17:40
and finish in 2010.
381
1035548
1151
17:41
[identify public elements]
382
1036723
1262
17:42
[insert public elements at grade]
383
1038009
1587
17:44
[optimize tower dimensions]
384
1039620
2420
17:47
[place towers on site]
385
1042412
1333
17:48
[lift program]
386
1044115
2279
17:51
[flip!]
387
1046418
1779
17:53
[optimize program adjacencies]
388
1048221
1588
17:54
[connect to context]
389
1049833
1393
17:56
[redirect 7th street]
390
1051534
2112
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Prince-Ramus - ArchitectJoshua Prince-Ramus is best known as architect of the Seattle Central Library, already being hailed as a masterpiece of contemporary culture. Prince-Ramus was the founding partner of OMA New York—the American affiliate of the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in the Netherlands—and served as its Principal until he renamed the firm REX in 2006.
Why you should listen
With one of the decade's most celebrated buildings under his belt, Joshua Prince-Ramus would seem well-positioned to become the world's next "starchitect." Except that he doesn't want the job. With his quiet intensity and intellectual bearing, Prince-Ramus is the antithesis of the egomaniacal master architect. He flatly rejects not just the title, but the entire notion of a "starchitect" designing with a genius stroke of the pen.
Prince-Ramus is best known for his work on the Seattle Central Library. The striking, diamond-windowed structure reimagines, to spectacular effect, the library's role in a modern urban context. "Seattle's new Central Library is a blazing chandelier to swing your dreams upon," Herbert Muschamp wrote in The New York Times. "In more than 30 years of writing about architecture, this is the most exciting new building it has been my honor to review."
Having founded the US practice of the radical Dutch architecture firm OMA in 2000, Prince-Ramus served as its Principal until he renamed the firm REX in May 2006. He continues to take what he describes as a performance-based approach to architecture, pushing logic and rational ideas to their limits to create buildings that are unexpected, but wholly appropriate to their environment and intended use. REX recently completed the AT&T Performing Arts Center’s Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre in Dallas, Texas and the Vakko Fashion Center and Power Media Center in Istanbul, Turkey. Current work includes Museum Plaza, a 62-story mixed-use skyscraper housing a contemporary art center in Louisville, Kentucky;the new Central Library and Music Conservatory for the city of Kortrijk, Belgium;and a 2,643,000 ft2 luxury residential development in Songdo Landmark City, South Korea.
More profile about the speakerPrince-Ramus is best known for his work on the Seattle Central Library. The striking, diamond-windowed structure reimagines, to spectacular effect, the library's role in a modern urban context. "Seattle's new Central Library is a blazing chandelier to swing your dreams upon," Herbert Muschamp wrote in The New York Times. "In more than 30 years of writing about architecture, this is the most exciting new building it has been my honor to review."
Having founded the US practice of the radical Dutch architecture firm OMA in 2000, Prince-Ramus served as its Principal until he renamed the firm REX in May 2006. He continues to take what he describes as a performance-based approach to architecture, pushing logic and rational ideas to their limits to create buildings that are unexpected, but wholly appropriate to their environment and intended use. REX recently completed the AT&T Performing Arts Center’s Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre in Dallas, Texas and the Vakko Fashion Center and Power Media Center in Istanbul, Turkey. Current work includes Museum Plaza, a 62-story mixed-use skyscraper housing a contemporary art center in Louisville, Kentucky;the new Central Library and Music Conservatory for the city of Kortrijk, Belgium;and a 2,643,000 ft2 luxury residential development in Songdo Landmark City, South Korea.
Joshua Prince-Ramus | Speaker | TED.com