TEDxExeter
Bandi Mbubi: Demand a fair trade cell phone
Bandi Mbubi：請求一個公平交易的手機
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
621,348 views
你的手機、電腦和遊戲機有一段血淋淋的過去－－鉭礦的開採造成了剛果民主共和國的戰爭。身為行動主義者與流亡者，Bandi Mbubi 透過他自己的故事，呼籲我們即刻行動。（攝於 TEDxExeter）
Bandi Mbubi - Social Justice Activist
Bandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone. Full bio
Bandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I want to talk to you today
0
1147
1963
今天我想要談論的
00:19
about a difficult topic that is close to me,
1
3110
3152
是一個與我相關，但讓人感到為難的議題
00:22
and closer than you might realize to you.
2
6262
4008
而且也許比你所認為的更與你相關
00:26
I came to the U.K. 21 years ago
3
10270
3799
21年前我來到英國
00:29
as an asylum-seeker.
4
14069
2977
尋求政治避難
00:32
I was 21.
5
17046
1567
我當時21歲
00:34
I was forced to leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
6
18613
4216
我被迫離開剛果民主共和國
00:38
my home, where I was a student activist.
7
22829
5449
我在家鄉時是個學生社會運動參與者
00:44
I would love my children to be able to meet my family
8
28278
2827
我很希望
00:47
in the Congo.
9
31105
4684
我的孩子能夠見見我在剛果的家人
00:51
But I want to tell you what the Congo has got to do with you.
10
35789
5209
但在這裡我想告訴你們：剛果究竟與你們有哪些關聯
00:56
But first of all, I want you to do me a favor.
11
40998
3975
首先，我想請你們幫我一個忙
01:00
Can you all please reach into your pockets
12
44973
3124
能不能請你們將手伸進口袋裡
01:03
and take out your mobile phone?
13
48097
5062
並拿出你們的手機呢?
01:09
Feel that familiar weight,
14
53159
5264
感覺一下那熟悉的重量
01:14
how naturally your finger slides towards the buttons.
15
58423
3191
你的手指在按鍵上的滑動時
感覺多麼自然啊
感覺多麼自然啊
01:17
(Laughter)
16
61614
2745
(笑聲)
01:20
Can you imagine your world without it?
17
64359
2193
你能想像沒有手機的世界嗎？
01:22
It connects us to our loved ones,
18
66552
2763
手機讓我們與心愛的人
01:25
our family, friends and colleagues,
19
69315
3450
家人、朋友和同事們連結
01:28
at home and overseas.
20
72765
2585
不分國內外
01:31
It is a symbol of an interconnected world.
21
75350
4564
手機象徵著一個相互連結的世界
01:35
But what you hold in your hand leaves a bloody trail,
22
79914
5669
但是，你手上的手機其實滿是血印
01:41
and it all boils down to a mineral:
23
85583
4048
這一切始於礦物「鉭」
01:45
tantalum, mined in the Congo as coltan.
24
89631
4493
這種在剛果開採的礦稱為鈳鉭鐵礦
01:50
It is an anticorrosive heat conductor.
25
94124
3895
是一種具防腐蝕性的熱導體
01:53
It stores energy in our mobile phones,
26
98019
3488
用在手機、遊戲機或筆記型電腦時
01:57
Playstations and laptops.
27
101507
3117
可儲存電力
02:00
It is used in aerospace and medical equipment
28
104624
4329
它也被運用在航空與醫療儀器上
02:04
as alloys.
29
108953
1805
作為合金
02:06
It is so powerful
30
110758
2056
它非常地有用
02:08
that we only need tiny amounts.
31
112814
3000
我們只需要極少量就夠了
02:11
It would be great if the story ended there.
32
115814
3937
如果故事能到此結束就很完美
02:15
Unfortunately, what you hold in your hand
33
119751
3796
不幸的是，你們手中握著的
02:19
has not only enabled incredible technological development
34
123547
5530
並不只是促使科技有驚人的發展
02:24
and industrial expansion,
35
129077
3136
工業擴張
02:28
but it has also contributed to unimaginable
36
132213
3408
更導致了難以想像的
02:31
human suffering.
37
135621
2496
人類的苦難
02:34
Since 1996, over five million people have died
38
138117
5769
1996年後，已有超過五百萬人
02:39
in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
39
143886
3152
在剛果民主共和國死去
02:42
Countless women, men and children
40
147038
2711
數不清的女人、男人與孩子
02:45
have been raped, tortured or enslaved.
41
149749
4991
被強暴、折磨或奴役
02:50
Rape is used as a weapon of war,
42
154740
2924
強暴被作為一種戰爭的武器
02:53
instilling fear
43
157664
2826
種下恐懼
02:56
and depopulating whole areas.
44
160490
2977
並滅絕個地區的人口
02:59
The quest for extracting this mineral
45
163467
3121
對於這種礦物的需求
03:02
has not only aided, but it has fueled,
46
166588
4856
不但助長、更燃起了
03:07
the ongoing war in the Congo.
47
171444
5831
在剛果境內不斷延燒的戰火
03:13
But don't throw away your phones yet.
48
177275
2803
不過先不要丟掉你的手機
03:15
Thirty thousand children are enlisted
49
180078
4341
三萬個孩子被徵召
03:20
and are made to fight in armed groups.
50
184419
5189
被迫在武裝軍隊中戰鬥
03:25
The Congo consistently scores dreadfully
51
189608
4531
在健康與貧窮的世界排名中
03:30
in global health and poverty rankings.
52
194139
4253
剛果一直位居末位
03:34
But remarkably, the U.N. Environmental Programme
53
198392
4575
但引人注目的是，聯合國環境署
03:38
has estimated the wealth of the country
54
202967
2724
估計這個國家的財富
03:41
to be over 24 trillion dollars.
55
205691
9408
超過24兆美元
03:50
The state-regulated mining industry has collapsed,
56
215099
4627
政府管理的採礦展業已經瓦解
03:55
and control over mines
57
219726
2239
而礦產的控制權
03:57
has splintered.
58
221965
1387
已經分裂
03:59
Coltan is easily controlled by armed groups.
59
223352
4142
鈳鉭鐵礦輕易地被武裝份子掌控
04:03
One well-known illicit trade route
60
227494
3232
最著名的非法交易路徑之一
04:06
is that across the border to Rwanda,
61
230726
2528
便是穿越邊境到盧安達
04:09
where Congolese tantalum is disguised as Rwandan.
62
233254
4415
在那兒剛果的鉭被偽裝成盧安達的礦產
04:13
But don't throw away your phones yet,
63
237669
3212
不過先不要丟掉你的電話
04:16
because the incredible irony is that
64
240881
2693
因為難以想像諷刺的是
04:19
the technology that has placed such unsustainable,
65
243574
3532
科技對剛果提出如此難以永續
04:23
devastating demands on the Congo
66
247106
2608
極具毀滅性的需求
04:25
is the same technology
67
249714
3060
同樣也是科技
04:28
that has brought this situation to our attention.
68
252774
3632
引起我們對此情況的注意
04:32
We only know so much about the situation in the Congo
69
256406
3828
我們得以知道這麼多
04:36
and in the mines
70
260234
1511
關於剛果和礦產的狀況
04:37
because of the kind of communication
71
261745
2039
也是透過手機之賜
04:39
the mobile phone allows.
72
263784
4441
而得到的訊息
04:44
As with the Arab Spring,
73
268225
2302
隨著阿拉伯之春的爆發
04:46
during the recent elections in the Congo,
74
270527
3210
在最近剛果的選舉中
04:49
voters were able to send text messages
75
273737
4040
選民已經可以把地方投票所的訊息
04:53
of local polling stations to the headquarters
76
277777
3158
傳送至位在首都金夏沙
04:56
in the capital, Kinshasa,
77
280935
3738
的總部
05:00
and in the wake of the result,
78
284673
5354
結果公佈後
05:05
the diaspora has joined with the Carter Center,
79
290027
3134
各地流散的居民聚集在卡特中心
05:09
the Catholic Church and other observers
80
293161
3519
羅馬教會以及其他選舉觀察員
05:12
to draw attention to the undemocratic result.
81
296680
4856
吸引大家關注此次不民主的結果
05:17
The mobile phone has given people around the world
82
301536
5547
手機之於全世界的人來說
05:22
an important tool towards gaining their political freedom.
83
307083
5882
是得到政治自由的重要工具
05:28
It has truly revolutionized the way
84
312965
3026
手機確實大大改變了
05:31
we communicate on the planet.
85
315991
2573
我們與地球上的人們溝通的方式
05:34
It has allowed momentous political change
86
318564
3287
它促使重大政治改革
05:37
to take place.
87
321851
2488
發生
05:40
So
88
324339
1643
所以
05:41
we are faced with a paradox.
89
325982
4429
我們正面對一個進退兩難的問題
05:46
The mobile phone is an instrument of freedom
90
330411
4159
手機是促成自由的工具
05:50
and an instrument of oppression.
91
334570
4937
也是造成迫害的工具
05:55
TED has always
92
339507
2831
TED總是
05:58
celebrated what technology can do for us,
93
342338
4072
讚揚科技能為我們帶來什麼好處
06:02
technology in its finished form.
94
346410
2441
科技成為了完美的存在
06:04
It is time
95
348851
2184
現在正是時候
06:06
to be asking questions about technology.
96
351035
3657
對科技提出質疑
06:10
Where does it come from?
97
354692
2133
科技從哪裡來？
06:12
Who makes it?
98
356825
2773
誰創造了它？
06:15
And for what?
99
359598
2980
為什麼存在？
06:18
Here I am speaking directly to you,
100
362578
3152
在這裡，我有話想直接對你們說
06:21
the TED community,
101
365730
2128
對TED社群
06:23
and to all those who might be watching on a screen,
102
367858
3456
也對所有可能透過電腦螢幕
06:27
on your phone, across the world,
103
371314
3648
手機觀看
06:30
in the Congo.
104
374962
2416
在世界各地、以及身在剛果的人們說
06:33
All the technology is in place for us to communicate,
105
377378
4254
所有的科技都是為了讓我們溝通
06:37
and all the technology is in place to communicate this.
106
381632
6465
所有的科技也讓我們得以討論這個問題
06:43
At the moment,
107
388097
2274
在這個時候
06:46
there is no clear fair trade solution,
108
390371
4916
沒有明確促使公平交易的解決之道
06:51
but there has been a huge amount of progress.
109
395287
3440
但是關於此議題已經有很大的進步
06:54
The U.S. has recently passed legislation
110
398727
3249
像是美國最近通過立法
06:57
to target bribery and misconduct in the Congo.
111
401976
4191
來解決剛果民主共和國的賄賂與管理不善的問題
07:02
Recent U.K. legislation could be used in the same way.
112
406167
5078
近來英國的立法機關也有類似的作法
07:07
In February, Nokia unveiled its new policy
113
411245
3952
二月時，諾基亞針對剛果的礦產資源
07:11
on sourcing minerals in the Congo,
114
415197
2808
發佈新的政策
07:13
and there is a petition to Apple
115
418005
2424
還有給蘋果公司的請願書
07:16
to make a conflict-free iPhone.
116
420429
5637
訴請蘋果製造零衝突的 iPhone手機
07:21
There are campaigns
117
426066
1959
也有遊行集會
07:23
spreading across university campuses
118
428025
2852
宣傳於各大學校園
07:26
to make their colleges conflict-free.
119
430877
3121
訴求零衝突的校園
07:29
But we're not there yet.
120
433998
2495
但我們還沒有成功
07:32
We need to continue mounting pressure
121
436493
3200
我們需要不斷地對手機廠商
07:35
on phone companies
122
439693
2843
施加壓力
07:38
to change their sourcing processes.
123
442536
3970
使他們改變開發原物料的程序
07:42
When I first came to the U.K. 21 years ago,
124
446506
3768
當我21年前第一次來到英國時
07:46
I was homesick.
125
450274
2163
我很想家
07:48
I missed my family and the friends I left behind.
126
452437
5408
我想念留在家鄉的家人和朋友
07:53
Communication was extremely difficult.
127
457845
3622
而連繫在當時相當困難
07:57
Sending and receiving letters took months,
128
461467
3728
信件往返要花費好幾個月
08:01
if you were lucky. Often they never arrived.
129
465195
4307
假如你運氣好，信件還可能會被寄丟
08:05
Even if I could have afforded
130
469502
2731
就算我當時可以負擔
08:08
the phone bills home,
131
472233
3119
打電話回家的通話費
08:11
like most people in the Congo,
132
475352
2603
就像剛果民主共和國的大多數人一樣
08:13
my parents did not own a phone line.
133
477955
3821
我爸媽並沒有電話
08:17
Today, my two sons
134
481776
5683
今天，我的兩個兒子
08:23
David and Daniel
135
487459
2901
大衛和丹尼爾
08:26
can talk to my parents and get to know them.
136
490360
6844
已經可以和我父母通話藉此了解他們
08:33
Why should we allow
137
497204
3400
為什麼我們容許
08:36
such a wonderful, brilliant and necessary product
138
500604
7042
如此美好、傑出，且不可缺少的產品
08:43
to be the cause of unnecessary suffering
139
507646
3297
成為製造人類不必要苦難的
08:46
for human beings?
140
510943
3217
始作俑者
08:50
We demand fair trade food
141
514160
3447
我們要求公平交易的食物
08:53
and fair trade clothes.
142
517607
1689
以及公平交易的衣物
08:55
It is time to demand fair trade phones.
143
519296
4727
現在是時候要求公平交易的手機了
08:59
This is an idea worth spreading. Thank you.
144
524023
4593
這是一個值得分享的想法
謝謝
謝謝
09:04
(Applause)
145
528616
12277
(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bandi Mbubi - Social Justice ActivistBandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone.
Why you should listen
Bandi Mbubi grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, experiencing first hand the political unrest and oppression which have since worsened there. As a student activist, Bandi suffered persecution and fled the country, seeking political asylum in the U.K. But Mbubi has kept his home country on his radar, noting how the mining of tantalum -- a mineral used in cell phones and computers -- has fueled the ongoing war there in which 5 million have died.
While Mbubi sees the cell phone as an instrument of oppression for this reason, he knows that phones can also bring great freedom. And so he has formed CongoCalling.org, a campaign to inspire both the public and companies that make electronics to pay attention to how tantalum used in consumer electronics is mined and traded.
Mbubi is also the Director of the Manna Society, a center for the homeless in South London, and a Trustee of Church Action on Poverty.
Bandi Mbubi | Speaker | TED.com