TEDxDublin
Aris Venetikidis: Making sense of maps
阿里斯•凡尼提基迪斯: 讓地圖能被看懂
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地圖設計師阿里斯•凡尼提基迪斯（Aris Venetikidis）對於人們在城市裡移動時, 腦袋裡繪製的地圖非常著迷。這些圖比較不像實際的街道圖, 反而比較像示意圖或是連線圖, 呈現地點間的相互關係的抽象圖像。我們如何從這樣的腦袋裡的地圖學習如何畫出真的好理解的地圖呢? 透過一個實驗案例，他重新繪製了惡名昭彰的都柏林公共交通地圖。 （拍攝於TEDxDublin）
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I do is I organize information. I'm a graphic designer.
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我的工作, 是組織資訊。我是一個平面設計師。
00:19
Professionally, I try to make sense
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從專業面來說, 我努力讓
00:21
often of things that don't make much sense themselves.
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一些不太有條理的事情, 能夠比較容易被理解.
00:25
So my father might not understand what it is
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也許我的父親並不能了解
00:27
that I do for a living.
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我所賴以為生的工作
00:29
His part of my ancestry has been farmers.
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他和我的祖先一直都是農民
00:31
He's part of this ethnic minority called the Pontic Greeks.
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屬於一個少數民族-旁提克希臘人(在土耳其北部)
00:35
They lived in Asia Minor, and fled to Greece
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世居在小亞細亞, 後來遷徙到希臘
00:39
after a genocide about a hundred years ago,
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在約100年前經歷了一場種族屠殺(1915~1922)
00:41
and ever since that, migration has somewhat been
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從那之後, 遷徙似乎就變成了
00:44
a theme in my family.
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我的家庭的一個主題。
00:46
My father moved to Germany, studied there, and married,
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我的父親搬到了德國、 在那裏就學, 在那裡結婚
00:50
and as a result, I now have this half-German brain
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因為這樣, 我的腦袋, 有一半是德國式的
00:55
with all the analytical thinking
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具備了分析性的思維
00:57
and that slight dorky demeanor that comes with that.
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也附帶染上了一些老學究的古怪氣質
01:00
And of course it meant that I was a foreigner in both countries,
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這當然也意味著, 我對這兩個國家, 都算是外國人
01:03
and that of course made it pretty easy for me
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所以對我而言, 遷徙一點都不難
01:06
to migrate as well, in good family tradition, if you like.
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你也可以說, 這是我的家族的優良傳統.
01:11
But of course, most journeys that we undertake
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當然啦, 我們所經歷的遷徙旅程, 絕大部分
01:13
from day to day are within a city, and especially
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是我們每天在居住的城市裡發生的, 特別來談談
01:17
if you know the city, getting from A to B
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如果你對這個城市算熟，從 A地點 到 B地點
01:20
may seem pretty obvious, right?
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應該是很簡單明瞭的，對嗎？
01:23
But the question is, why is it obvious?
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但問題是，為什麼會很簡單明瞭呢？
01:27
How do we know where we're going?
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我們怎麼知道我們要怎麼走？
01:29
So I washed up on a Dublin ferry port
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在大約12年前, 我踏上了都柏林的渡輪碼頭
01:32
about 12 years ago, a professional foreigner, if you like,
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身為一個專業的外來客, 若你想這樣叫我也行
01:35
and I'm sure you've all had this experience before, yeah?
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我相信你們也都有過這樣的經驗，是吧？
01:39
You arrive in a new city, and your brain is trying
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你到達一個新的城市，然後你的大腦在嘗試
01:43
to make sense of this new place.
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弄清這個新的地方。
01:45
Once you find your base, your home,
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一旦你找到你的基地，你的家，
01:48
you start to built this cognitive map of your environment.
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你會開始建立對於你的週遭環境的認知地圖
01:53
It's essentially this virtual map that only exists
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基本上這樣的虛擬地圖, 只存在於
01:55
in your brain. All animal species do it,
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你的腦袋裡面。所有的動物物種都是這樣的.
01:58
even though we all use slightly different tools.
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不過我們與動物所使用的工具會有些不同。
02:01
Us humans, of course, we don't move around
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我們人類，當然，我們不要到處移動
02:04
marking our territory by scent, like dogs.
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像狗那樣用味道標誌我們的領域。
02:07
We don't run around emitting ultrasonic squeaks, like bats.
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我們也不會到處跑並且發射超聲波，像蝙蝠那樣。
02:13
We just don't do that,
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我們根本不會那樣做
02:14
although a night in the Temple Bar district can get pretty wild. (Laughter)
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雖然在聖殿區的酒吧的夜晚可能也相當的狂野啊...（笑聲）
(聖殿區: 都柏林的一區, 夜晚的酒吧是觀光客常去的)
(聖殿區: 都柏林的一區, 夜晚的酒吧是觀光客常去的)
02:20
No, we do two important things to make a place our own.
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我們會做兩個重要的事情，來搞清楚一個地方.
02:23
First, we move along linear routes.
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第一，我們沿直線路線移動。
02:26
Typically we find a main street, and this main street
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通常我們會先找到主要街道, 把這條主街
02:30
becomes a linear strip map in our minds.
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當成我們腦袋裡頭的線條狀的地圖
02:33
But our mind keeps it pretty simple, yeah?
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而且我們的腦袋用很簡單的方式來記
02:35
Every street is generally perceived as a straight line,
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每一條街道通常都被當作是一條直線，
02:38
and we kind of ignore the little twists and turns that the streets make.
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我們通常都會忽略街道常會有的小曲折。
02:42
When we do, however, make a turn into a side street,
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但是, 當我們打算彎到一條次要街道的時候
02:45
our mind tends to adjust that turn to a 90-degree angle.
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我們的腦袋傾向於把這個彎當成是90度角
02:50
This of course makes for some funny moments
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這個當然就會產生不少有趣的情況了
02:52
when you're in some old city layout that follows some sort of
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比方說, 你若是在一個老城市, 街道的布局是依照
02:57
circular city logic, yeah?
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圓城的邏輯，會很有趣吧?
03:00
Maybe you've had that experience as well, right?
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也許你也曾有過這樣的經驗吧?
03:02
Let's say you're on some spot on a side street that projects
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比如說, 你正位於邊街上的某個點
03:05
from a main cathedral square, and you want to get to
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邊街是從主要教堂廣場幅射出來的，而你打算
03:09
another point on a side street just like that.
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到另一條邊街上的某個點去。
03:12
The cognitive map in your mind may tell you, "Aris,
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你腦袋裡的認知圖可能會這樣告訴你: "阿里斯,
03:18
go back to the main cathedral square, take
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回到主要教堂廣場去, 然後
03:20
a 90-degree turn, and walk down that other side street."
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轉個 90 度的彎, 向另一條邊街走下去。"
03:23
But somehow you feel adventurous that day,
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但是不知何故, 你那一天覺得想冒險
03:26
and you suddenly discover that the two spots
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你突然發現這兩個景點
03:30
were actually only a single building apart.
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其實只是隔了一棟房子
03:33
Now, I don't know about you, but I always feel like I find
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我不知道你會怎麼想, 但我遇到這樣的狀況時
03:36
this wormhole or this inter-dimensional portal.
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總覺得像是發現了跨越空間的門戶或是蟲洞。
03:40
So we move along linear routes
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我們總是沿著直線路徑前進
03:43
and our mind straightens streets and perceives turns
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而我們的腦袋會把街道當成直的, 並且把轉彎
03:48
as 90-degree angles.
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都當作 90 度角。
03:50
The second thing that we do to make a place our own
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第二件事我們會做的事情，來搞清楚一個地方.
03:53
is we attach meaning and emotions to the things
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是我們會把 意義與情感附加到事物上
03:57
that we see along those lines.
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當我們看待這些路線的時候
04:00
If you go to the Irish countryside, and you ask an old lady
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如果你去到愛爾蘭農村，你問一位老太太
04:04
for directions, brace yourself for some elaborate
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怎麼走，要準備好會聽到一些詳細的
04:08
Irish storytelling about all the landmarks. Yeah?
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愛爾蘭故事, 關於每一個地標。是吧!
04:12
She'll tell you the pub where her sister used to work,
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她會告訴你，她的妹妹曾經工作過的酒吧
04:15
and go past the church where I got married, that kind of thing.
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然後經過那個我結婚的教堂，諸如此類的故事。
04:19
So we fill our cognitive maps with these markers of meaning.
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所以我們會用這些有意義的標記來填補我們的認知地圖。
04:23
What's more, we abstract,
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除此之外，我們還會抽象化，
04:26
repeat patterns, and recognize them.
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重複各種模式，並且理解他們。
04:29
We recognize them by the experiences,
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我們用自己的經驗來建立認知地圖
04:32
and we abstract them into symbols.
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我們把認知地圖抽象化成符號
04:35
And of course, we are all capable
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當然了, 我們都能夠
04:38
of understanding these symbols. (Laughter)
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瞭解這些符號。（笑聲）
04:41
What's more, we're all capable of understanding
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更重要的是，我們都能夠理解
04:44
the cognitive maps, and you are all capable
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這樣的認知地圖，而你也有能力
04:48
of creating these cognitive maps yourselves.
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自行建立這樣的認知地圖。
04:51
So next time, when you want to tell your friend how to get to your place,
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所以下一次，當您想要告訴你的朋友怎麼去你的地方，
04:54
you grab a beermat, grab a napkin,
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你會拿一個啤酒杯墊紙, 或一張餐巾紙
04:57
and you just observe yourself create this awesome piece
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然後你就會看到你自己畫出這種令人敬畏的
05:02
of communication design. It's got straight lines.
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溝通的圖樣設計。它有一些直線。
05:05
It's got 90 degree corners.
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它有一些 90 度轉角。
05:08
You might add little symbols along the way.
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您可能會沿路增加一些小符號。
05:10
And when you look at what you've just drawn,
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當你看著你剛才畫出來的，
05:14
you realize it does not resemble a street map.
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你會意識到它不像市區街道地圖。
05:19
If you were to put an actual street map
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要是你試著把實際的街道地圖
05:21
on top of what you've just drawn, you'd realize your streets
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疊蓋在你剛剛畫的地圖上，你會意識到你畫的街道
05:25
and the distances, they'd be way off.
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跟距離，跟實際的會差很多
05:28
No, what you've just drawn
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其實, 你所畫出的地圖
05:30
is more like a diagram or a schematic.
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是更像一個關係圖或示意圖。
05:34
It's a visual construct of lines, dots, letters,
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它是一種視覺的組成, 有 線條、 圓點、 字母
05:39
designed in the language of our brains.
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採用我們大腦的語言來繪製的。
05:42
So it's no big surprise that the big information design icon
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所以, 這一點都不會意外, 當你看到上個世紀最大的
05:47
of the last century, the pinnacle of showing everybody
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資訊設計典範，讓大家知道如何從 A地 到 B地的
05:52
how to get from A to B, the London Underground map,
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資訊顯示的巔峰設計，就是 倫敦地鐵的地圖，
05:55
was not designed by a cartographer or a city planner.
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並不是由製圖員或城市規劃師所畫的。
06:00
It was designed by an engineering draftsman.
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它是由一個工程繪圖員設計的。
06:04
In the 1930s, Harry Beck applied the principles of
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在 1930 年代，哈利 · 貝克採用了
06:08
schematic diagram design, and changed
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示意圖的設計原則, 永遠地改變了
06:12
the way public transport maps are designed forever.
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公共交通工具的地圖設計的方式。
06:16
Now the very key to the success of this map
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這張地圖的成功關鍵要素
06:20
is in the omission of less important information
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就是省去了不太重要的資訊
06:24
and in the extreme simplification.
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並且將資訊極度地簡化.
06:27
So straightened streets, corners of 90 and 45 degrees,
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所以拉直的街道，90 和 45 度角的轉角
06:31
but also the extreme geographic distortion in that map.
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也因此會在該地圖上有極端的地理失真。
06:37
If you were to look at the actual locations of these stations,
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如果你有機會看看這些車站的實際位置
06:41
you'd see they're very different. Yeah?
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您會看到它們非常的不同。是吧？
06:44
But this is all for the clarity of the public tube map.
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但這全是為了讓公共交通地鐵圖的簡明易懂性.
06:48
Yeah? If you, say, wanted to get from Regent's Park Station
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是吧？如果你，比方說，想從攝政公園站
06:51
to Great Portland Street, the tube map would tell you,
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到 大波特蘭街 去, 這個地圖就會告訴你，
06:55
take the tube, go to Baker Street, change over, take another tube.
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坐地鐵，轉到貝克街，轉車，搭另一線的地鐵。
07:00
Of course, what you don't know is that the two stations
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當然，你不知道的是，其實這兩個站
07:03
are only about a hundred meters apart.
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相距僅約一百米。
07:06
Now we've reached the subject of public transport,
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現在我們進到了公共交通的主題
07:09
and public transport here in Dublin
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而都柏林的公共交通
07:12
is a somewhat touchy subject. (Laughter)
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是有點棘手的話題。（笑聲）
07:16
For everybody who does not know the public transport here in Dublin,
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簡單說明一下, 以免有些人不知道都柏林這裡的公共交通
07:20
essentially we have this system of local buses
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基本上我們有一套本地巴士系統
07:22
that grew with the city. For every outskirt that was added,
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隨著城市擴展。每個新發展出來的周邊區域
07:26
there was another bus route added running
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就會新增一條巴士路線
07:29
from the outskirt all the way to the city center,
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從周邊區域一直走到市中心，
07:33
and as these local buses approach the city center,
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當這些周邊地方的巴士開進市中心的時候
07:37
they all run side by side, and converge in pretty much
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他們並排開進來, 然後大部分都匯流到
07:40
one main street.
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一條主要街道上。
07:43
So when I stepped off the boat 12 years ago,
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所以，當我12 年前走下了船的時候 ，
07:46
I tried to make sense of that,
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我就嘗試著要了解這套系統，
07:50
because exploring a city on foot only gets you so far.
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因為只用步行探索城市走不了多遠
07:55
But when you explore a foreign and new public transport system,
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當你開始探索一個國外的陌生的公共交通系統的時候
08:00
you will build a cognitive map in your mind
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在你腦袋裡建構的認知地圖的方式
08:03
in pretty much the same way.
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大致上也會是完全相同的.
08:06
Typically, you choose yourself a rapid transport route,
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通常，您幫自己選擇一條快速運輸路線(捷運)，
08:11
and in your mind this route is perceived as a straight line,
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然噢在你腦袋裡這條路線被當做是一條直線，
08:15
and like a pearl necklace, all the stations and stops
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就像一條珍珠項鍊那樣、 所有的車站和停靠點
08:18
are nicely and neatly aligned along the line,
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都整齊地排在這條線上
08:23
and only then you start to discover some local bus routes
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然後你開始發現一些地方的巴士路線
08:28
that would fill in the gaps and that allow you for those
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可以填補捷運路線間的空白，並讓你能夠用上這些
08:32
wormhole, inter-dimensional portal shortcuts.
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蟲洞，跨空間門戶的捷徑
08:36
So I tried to make sense, and when I arrived,
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所以當我來到這裡的時候, 我試著搞懂
08:40
I was looking for some information leaflets that would
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我想找一些資訊折頁能夠
08:43
help me crack this system and understand it,
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幫我破解此個系統並且理解它，
08:47
and I found those brochures. (Laughter)
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而我找到的是這些摺頁。（笑聲）
08:52
They were not geographically distorted.
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這些並沒有在地理空間上做了扭曲
08:56
They were having a lot of omission of information,
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這些有很多的資訊被簡略掉了，
09:00
but unfortunately the wrong information, say, in the city center.
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很不幸的是, 簡略掉不該被簡略的了，比如說, 市中心的部份.
09:04
There were never actually any lines that showed the routes.
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這些折頁根本就沒有顯示這些路線
09:09
There are actually not even any stations with names.
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這些折頁也根本沒有任何的車站和站名
09:15
Now the maps of Dublin transport, have gotten better,
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現在的都柏林公共運輸地圖已經變得更好了，
09:19
and after I finished the project, they got a good bit better,
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當我完成了這個專案之後，這些地圖還會變得更好些
09:26
but still no station names, still no routes.
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但仍沒有車站名稱，仍沒有路線。
09:29
So, being naive, and being half-German, I decided,
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所以，身為一個天真的, 一半德國血統的人，我決定，
09:35
"Aris, why don't you build your own map?"
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"阿里斯，你為什麼不做一張你自己的地圖？"
09:37
So that's what I did. I researched how each
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這就是我做的事。我研究了每一條
09:40
and every bus route moved through the city,
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巴士路線如何移動穿過城市
09:43
nice and logical, every bus route a separate line,
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完善而合乎邏輯的, 每條巴士路線都是一條獨立的線條
09:47
and I plotted it into my own map of Dublin,
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我把路線畫到我自己的都柏林地圖上
09:51
and in the city center,
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結果在市中心，
09:53
I got a nice spaghetti plate. (Laughter)
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我畫得像是一盤義大利麵條。（笑聲）
09:57
Now this is a bit of a mess, so I decided, of course,
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這看起來有點亂, 所以當然了, 我決定要
10:03
you're going to apply the rules of schematic design,
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用上示意圖的畫圖規則
10:07
cleaning up the corridors, widening the streets
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清空走廊，拉大那些有巴士經過
10:10
where there were loads of buses, and making the streets
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的街道，並且把每條街道畫成
10:13
at straight, 90-degree corners, 45-degree corners, or fractions of that,
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直的、 90 度角、 45 度角或再平分下去的角度
10:18
and filled it in with the bus routes. And I built this city center
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把每條巴士路線填上去。我畫出了這張城市中心
10:23
bus map of the system, how it was five years ago.
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的巴士系統地圖，這是它五年前的樣子。
10:27
I'll zoom in again so that you get the full impact of
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我會再放大進去, 讓你能感受到完全的震撼
10:29
the quays and Westmoreland Street. (Laughter)
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關於這些碼頭和 威斯特摩蘭 街。（笑聲）
10:34
Now I can proudly say — (Applause) —
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現在我可以自豪地說 — — （掌聲） — —
10:42
I can proudly say, as a public transport map,
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我可以自豪地說，作為公共交通工具的地圖，
10:46
this diagram is an utter failure — (Laughter) —
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這張圖是一個徹底的失敗 — — （笑聲） — —
10:52
except probably in one aspect:
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除了, 也許還有點用處的是：
10:54
I now had a great visual representation
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我畫出了一個很棒的視覺化呈現
10:57
of just how clogged up and overrun the city center really was.
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展現出這個市中心是多麼的雍塞而且過度負載了
11:02
Now call me old-fashioned, right, but I think
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你可以說我是老式的, 可以, 但我認為
11:05
a public transport route map should have lines,
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一個公共交通路線地圖應該用線條
11:08
because that's what they are. Yeah?
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因為交通路線就是線條啊, 對吧?
11:10
They're little pieces of string that wrap their way
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這些路線就像一條條的線纏繞著
11:13
through the city center, or through the city.
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通過市中心，或通過這座城市。
11:16
If you will, the Greek guy inside of me feels, if I don't
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也許你會覺得, 像我自己的希臘血統就會覺得, 不用線條的話
11:20
get a line, it's like entering the Labyrinth of the Minotaur
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就像是走進了牛頭怪(希臘神話)的迷宮
11:25
without having Ariadne giving you the string to find your way.
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卻沒有 阿麗亞德妮 給你那條引路的線
(神話中 特休斯靠此線走出迷宮)
(神話中 特休斯靠此線走出迷宮)
11:28
So the outcome of my academic research,
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所以我的學術研究
11:32
loads of questionnaires, case studies,
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包括了 大量的調查問卷，案例研究
11:35
and looking at a lot of maps, was that a lot of the problems
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還看了很多地圖，的研究結果是, 很多的問題
11:40
and shortcomings of the public transport system here in Dublin
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還有缺點, 在關於 都柏林的公共交通系統的部份
11:43
was the lack of a coherent public transport map --
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是因為缺乏一個 一致性的公共運輸地圖-
11:46
a simplified, coherent public transport map --
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一種 簡化的、 一致的公共交通工具地圖-
11:48
because I think this is the crucial step to understanding
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因為我認為這是一個關鍵的步驟, 來了解
11:52
a public transport network on a physical level,
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一個 公共交通網絡 的實體層面
11:55
but it's also the crucial step to make
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而這也是一個關鍵的步驟, 來畫出
11:58
a public transport network mappable on a visual level.
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一個 視覺上能理解的 公共交通網絡地圖。
12:02
So I teamed up with a gentleman called James Leahy,
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所以我與一位叫 詹姆斯 · 萊希 的人合作
12:05
a civil engineer and a recent Master's graduate of
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他是一個 土木工程師, 最近拿到碩士學位
12:09
the Sustainable Development Program at DIT,
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剛從 DIT 的永續發展學程畢業
12:12
and together we drafted this simplified model network
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我們一起草擬了這個簡化的模型網路
12:16
which I could then go ahead and visualize.
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然後，我可以進行視覺化的呈現
12:20
So here's what we did.
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這就是我們做出來的
12:22
We distributed these rapid transport corridors
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我們把這些捷運走廊分散到
12:27
throughout the city center, and extended them into the outskirts.
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整個城市中心，再把它們延伸到周邊郊區
12:31
Rapid, because we wanted them to be served
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捷運，因為我們想讓大家能夠搭乘
12:34
by rapid transport vehicles, yeah?
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捷運交通工具，對吧？
12:37
They would get exclusive road use, where possible,
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這些捷運應該會有專屬的用路權，如果可能的話，
12:40
and it would be high-quantity, high-quality transport.
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這也會是將高運量的、 高品質的運輸。
12:44
James wanted to use bus rapid transport for that,
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詹姆斯 想要為 快捷巴士運輸 來達到這樣的目的
12:47
rather than light rail. For me, it was important
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而不是用輕軌捷運。而對我來說，重要的是
12:50
that the vehicles that would run on those rapid transport corridors
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這些運行在快速運輸走廊的交通工具
12:54
would be visibly distinguishable from local buses on the street.
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可以直接用看的就區分出來, 跟地區性的巴士是不同的
13:00
Now we could take out all the local buses
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現在，我們可以拿掉所有地區性的巴士路線
13:03
that ran alongside those rapid transport means.
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跟這些快速交通路線並行的都可以拿掉
13:06
Any gaps that appeared in the outskirts were filled again.
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而在郊區的空缺區域仍然可以用 區域性巴士來填補
13:10
So, in other words, if there was a street in an outskirt
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所以, 換句話說, 如果原本在這個郊區的街上
13:13
where there had been a bus, we put a bus back in,
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有巴士路線，我們就把巴士放回去，
13:16
only now these buses wouldn't run all the way to the city center
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不同的是, 現在這些區域性巴士不會一路開到市中心去了
13:21
but connect to the nearest rapid transport mode,
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只會開到最近的一個捷運站點銜接轉運
13:24
one of these thick lines over there.
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串連到這些地方的這些粗線
13:26
So the rest was merely a couple of months of work,
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所以, 剩下的只是幾個月的工作
13:29
and a couple of fights with my girlfriend of our place
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還有幾場我跟女朋友的小吵架, 因為我們的地方
13:32
constantly being clogged up with maps,
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一直都塞滿了好多的地圖
13:36
and the outcome, one of the outcomes, was this map
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產出的結果, 其中之一, 是這張地圖
13:38
of the Greater Dublin Area. I'll zoom in a little bit.
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涵蓋了大都柏林區。我會放大一點。
13:43
This map only shows the rapid transport connections,
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這張地圖只顯示了捷運的銜接點
13:47
no local bus, very much in the Metro map style
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沒有區域性巴士，很像常見的捷運地圖
13:50
that was so successful in London, and that since
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就像在倫敦的很成功的地鐵圖，而且也
13:54
has been exported to so many other major cities,
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已經被輸出運用在其他許多大城市
13:58
and therefore is the language that we should use
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所以也是我們應該採用的方式, 當我們在畫
14:00
for public transport maps.
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公共交通的地圖的時候。
14:03
What's also important is, with a simplified network like this,
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同樣也很重要的, 當有這樣的簡化的網絡的時候
14:08
it now would become possible for me
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我就變得有辦法可以
14:11
to tackle the ultimate challenge,
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對付這個終極挑戰，
14:14
and make a public transport map for the city center,
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來畫出市中心的公共運輸地圖了
14:18
one where it wouldn't just show rapid transport connections
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不僅是畫出快捷運輸的連線
14:21
but also all the local bus routes, streets and the likes,
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也會有所有的區域性巴士路線、 街道和諸如此類的
14:24
and this is what a map like this could like.
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而這就是像這樣的地圖會長什麼樣子。
14:27
I'll zoom in a little bit.
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我會放大一點。
14:30
In this map, I'm including each transport mode,
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我在這張地圖，包括了各種運輸模式，
14:36
so rapid transport, bus, DART, tram and the likes.
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包括快捷運輸、 巴士、 都柏林快車、 有軌電車和諸如此類的。
(DART: Dublin Area Rapid Transit:)
(DART: Dublin Area Rapid Transit:)
14:42
Each individual route is represented by a separate line.
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每一條路線用一條獨立的線條來表示
14:48
The map shows each and every station,
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地圖顯示了所有的每一個車站
14:53
each and every station name,
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每個車站的名稱
14:56
and I'm also displaying side streets,
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而且我也標上了 一些 邊街
15:00
in fact, most of the side streets even with their name,
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事實上，大部分的小街甚至與街的名字，
15:04
and for good measure, also a couple of landmarks,
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為了方便，還標示了幾個重要地標，
15:09
some of them signified by little symbols,
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其中的一些用代表符號來凸顯
15:12
others by these isometric three-dimensional
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另外一些用這種等視圖式的立體的
15:15
bird's-eye-view drawings.
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鳥瞰圖來呈現
15:16
The map is relatively small in overall size,
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地圖的整體尺寸相對來說較小，
15:19
so something that you could still hold as a fold-out map,
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大小可以讓你拿在手上, 像是折頁地圖般
15:23
or display in a reasonably-sized display box on a bus shelter.
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或是用在公車亭, 顯示在合理大小的顯示器上
15:26
I think it tries to be the best balance
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我認為這樣的地圖盡可能去平衡兩者
15:31
between actual representation
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一邊是實際的表示形式, 另一邊是
15:34
and simplification, the language of way-finding in our brain.
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簡化的方式. 也就是我們的大腦中找路的描述方式。
15:39
So straightened lines, cleaned-up corners,
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所以拉直的線條、 乾淨的轉角，
15:43
and, of course, that very, very important
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還有，當然，這非常、 非常重要
15:45
geographic distortion that makes public transport maps possible.
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地理區域上的扭曲, 讓公共交通地圖變得容易懂.
15:50
If you, for example, have a look at the two main
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如果你，比方說，看看這兩個主要的
15:52
corridors that run through the city,
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穿過市區的通道
15:54
the yellow and orange one over here, this is how
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在這邊的黃色跟橘色的通道, 再看看
15:57
they look in an actual, accurate street map,
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他們在實際的、 準確的街道地圖上的樣子
16:00
and this is how they would look in my distorted,
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再對比這兩個通道在我的版本的扭曲過的
16:04
simplified public transport map.
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簡化的公共交通工具的地圖。
16:07
So for a successful public transport map,
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所以, 一張成功的公共交通工具的地圖，
16:10
we should not stick to accurate representation,
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我們不應堅持在正確無誤的街道呈現，
16:12
but design them in the way our brains work.
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而是應該設計成符合但我們的大腦的運作的方式。
16:15
The reactions I got were tremendous. It was really good to see.
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我得到的反應是非常多的。這是我所樂見的
16:18
And of course, for my own self, I was very happy to see
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當然了, 對我自己而言, 我也非常高興能夠
16:22
that my folks in Germany and Greece finally have an idea
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讓我在德國和希臘的親朋好友, 終於能夠搞懂
16:25
what I do for a living. (Laughter) Thank you. (Applause)
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我是靠什麼工作過活的。（笑聲）謝謝。（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aris Venetikidis - MapmakerAris Venetikidis imagines how maps work with our minds.
Why you should listen
Aris Venetikidis is a graphic designer with a passion for map design and public transport network visualisation. His project “Designing an integrated map for a visionary public transport network in Dublin” earned him the IDI Graduate Masters Award and IDI Graduate Grand Prix in 2010, as well as press coverage in major Irish and Greek newspapers. Aris studied at the National College of Art and Design ind Dublin and has been working as a designer in agencies or as an independent designer and photographer since.
Aris Venetikidis | Speaker | TED.com