DLD 2007
Norman Foster: My green agenda for architecture
諾曼．福斯特-建立綠色的環保未來
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
866,847 views
建築師諾曼．福斯特談到他的設計思想，談到電腦是如何幫助建築師設計出綠色、漂亮、"零污染"的建築物。2007年在德國慕尼黑DLD的演講，www.dld-conference.com。
Norman Foster - Architect
Sir Norman Foster, winner of the 1999 Pritzker Prize, is perhaps the leading urban stylist of our age. His elegant, efficient buildings grace cities around the globe. Full bio
Sir Norman Foster, winner of the 1999 Pritzker Prize, is perhaps the leading urban stylist of our age. His elegant, efficient buildings grace cities around the globe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
As an architect you design for the present,
0
0
7000
身為建築師，你爲現在而設計，
00:23
with an awareness of the past,
1
7000
3000
帶著對過去的驚覺，
00:26
for a future which is essentially unknown.
2
10000
7000
邁向基本上無從得知的未來。
00:33
The green agenda is probably the most important agenda
3
17000
4000
「綠色議題」也許是現今最重要的議題
00:37
and issue of the day.
4
21000
3000
及問題 。
00:40
And I'd like to share some experience
5
24000
4000
我想跟大家分享一些經驗，
00:44
over the last 40 years -- we celebrate our fortieth anniversary this year --
6
28000
5000
過去四十年來--今年是我們的四十週年慶--
00:49
and to explore and to touch on some observations
7
33000
6000
探索和觸及一些關於
00:55
about the nature of sustainability.
8
39000
4000
永續本質的觀察。
00:59
How far you can anticipate, what follows from it,
9
43000
3000
你可以預期多少、後續是什麼，
01:02
what are the threats, what are the possibilities,
10
46000
2000
有哪些威脅，有哪些可能性個、
01:04
the challenges, the opportunities?
11
48000
3000
挑戰和機會？
01:07
I think that -- I've said in the past, many, many years ago,
12
51000
4000
許多年前我曾說過，
01:11
before anybody even invented the concept of a green agenda,
13
55000
6000
在有人發明這「綠色議題」的觀念以前，
01:17
that it wasn't about fashion -- it was about survival.
14
61000
6000
建築跟流行無關，而是關於生存。
01:23
But what I never said, and what I'm really going to make the point is,
15
67000
5000
但我從未說過，而且真正想說的重點是，
01:28
that really, green is cool.
16
72000
3000
環保(綠色)真的很酷。
01:31
I mean, all the projects which have, in some way, been inspired
17
75000
5000
所有受到那個概念啟發的作品就某種程度來說，
01:36
by that agenda are about a celebratory lifestyle,
18
80000
5000
都與歡慶的生活風格有關。
01:41
in a way celebrating the places and the spaces
19
85000
5000
慶祝決定生活品質的地方
01:46
which determine the quality of life.
20
90000
3000
和空間。
01:49
I rarely actually quote anything,
21
93000
4000
我很少引述別人的話，
01:53
so I'm going to try and find a piece of paper if I can,
22
97000
4000
如果可以，我想找出一張紙，
01:57
[in] which somebody, at the end of last year, ventured the thought
23
101000
6000
去年底有人大膽提出一個想法，
02:03
about what for that individual, as a kind of important observer,
24
107000
5000
那個重要的趨勢觀察者、
02:08
analyst, writer -- a guy called Thomas Friedman,
25
112000
4000
分析家、作家，一個名叫湯姆士佛里曼的人，
02:12
who wrote in the Herald Tribune, about 2006.
26
116000
6000
2006年左右他在《國際先鋒論壇報》上寫了一篇文章。
02:18
He said,
27
122000
3000
他說：
02:21
"I think the most important thing to happen in 2006
28
125000
3000
「我想2006年發生的最重要的事，
02:24
was that living and thinking green hit Main Street.
29
128000
5000
就是綠色生活及綠色思想席捲了商業街。
02:29
We reached a tipping point this year
30
133000
3000
今年我們達到了一個引爆點，
02:32
where living, acting, designing, investing and manufacturing green
31
136000
5000
當中綠色的生活設計、投資及生產，
02:37
came to be understood by a critical mass
32
141000
2000
使眾多民眾、企業家和官員
02:39
of citizens, entrepreneurs and officials
33
143000
3000
都認識到
02:42
as the most patriotic, capitalistic, geo-political
34
146000
3000
這是他們做到的最愛國、最資本主義、最地理政治學
02:45
and competitive thing they could do.
35
149000
3000
及最競爭性的事。
02:48
Hence my motto: green is the new red, white and blue."
36
152000
6000
所以，我的座右銘是：綠色(環保)是新的紅白藍」
02:54
And I asked myself, in a way, looking back,
37
158000
4000
回顧過往我問我自己：
02:58
"When did that kind of awareness of the planet and its fragility first appear?"
38
162000
10000
「關注地球及她的脆弱性是何時開始的呢？」
03:08
And I think it was July 20, 1969,
39
172000
4000
我想是從1969年7月20日，
03:12
when, for the first time, man could look back at planet Earth.
40
176000
6000
當人類首次可以觀望地球的那天開始浮現的 。
03:18
And, in a way, it was Buckminster Fuller who coined that phrase.
41
182000
6000
就某程度來說，是巴克明斯特·福勒創造了那個詞的。
03:24
And before the kind of collapse of the communist system,
42
188000
6000
在共產體制瓦解之前，
03:30
I was privileged to meet a lot of cosmonauts
43
194000
3000
我有榮幸跟許多
03:33
in Space City and other places in Russia.
44
197000
2000
前蘇聯的太空人在蘇聯的太空城等地方見面 。
03:35
And interestingly, as I think back,
45
199000
3000
我回顧後發現有趣的是，
03:38
they were the first true environmentalists.
46
202000
4000
他們是第一批真正的環保主義者。
03:42
They were filled with a kind of pioneering passion,
47
206000
5000
他們充滿一種開墾者的熱情，
03:47
fired about the problems of the Aral Sea.
48
211000
3000
為鹹海的問題而激動。
03:50
And at that period it was --
49
214000
3000
當時--
03:53
in a way, a number of things were happening.
50
217000
2000
發生了幾件事情。
03:55
Buckminster Fuller was the kind of green guru --
51
219000
5000
巴克明斯特·福勒是那一種環保上師 --
04:00
again, a word that had not been coined.
52
224000
2000
這也是當時尚未被創造的詞。
04:02
He was a design scientist, if you like, a poet,
53
226000
4000
他是一個設計科學家，你也可以說他是一個詩人，
04:06
but he foresaw all the things that are happening now.
54
230000
4000
可是他預期了所有現在正在發生的事情。
04:10
It's another subject. It's another conversation.
55
234000
3000
這是另一個主題、另一段談話，
04:13
You can go back to his writings: it's quite extraordinary.
56
237000
5000
你可以追溯他的寫作，真的很非凡，
04:18
It was at that time, with an awareness
57
242000
5000
就是在那時
04:23
fired by Bucky's prophecies, his concerns
58
247000
5000
巴克的預言，激起了關注
04:28
as a citizen, as a kind of citizen of the planet,
59
252000
5000
他那身為公民，身為地球公民的擔心
04:33
that influenced my thinking and what we were doing at that time.
60
257000
4000
影響了我的思想及當時正在做的事。
04:37
And it's a number of projects.
61
261000
3000
有幾個作品，
04:40
I select this one because it was 1973, and it was a master plan
62
264000
6000
我選這個因為它建於1973年，這是爲
04:46
for one of the Canary Islands.
63
270000
2000
康那利群島之一所畫的整體設計。
04:48
And this probably coincided with the time
64
272000
4000
或許是恰巧遇上
04:52
when you had the planet Earth's sourcebook,
65
276000
3000
地球資源叢書的出版，
04:55
and you had the hippie movement.
66
279000
2000
及嘻皮運動，
04:57
And there are some of those qualities in this drawing,
67
281000
4000
這設計圖上有一些那樣的特性，
05:01
which seeks to sum up the recommendations.
68
285000
3000
嘗試總合那些優點。
05:04
And all the components are there which are now
69
288000
3000
那些構成要素現在
05:07
in common parlance, in our vocabulary,
70
291000
3000
成了共用的語法，
05:10
you know, 30-odd years later:
71
294000
3000
在30多年之後出現在我們的詞彙裡。
05:13
wind energy, recycling, biomass, solar cells.
72
297000
5000
風力發電、回收、生物能源、太陽能電池--
05:18
And in parallel at that time, there was
73
302000
4000
同時，在當時
05:22
a very kind of exclusive design club.
74
306000
5000
有一種獨特的設計俱樂部。
05:27
People who were really design conscious
75
311000
3000
那些真的有設計意識的人，
05:30
were inspired by the work of Dieter Rams,
76
314000
3000
都深受迪特‧拉姆斯的作品，
05:33
and the objects that he would create
77
317000
3000
與及那些他為百靈公司
05:36
for the company called Braun.
78
320000
2000
所創造的物品啟發。
05:38
This is going back the mid-'50s, '60s.
79
322000
3000
這是回到50年代中期 60年代的事了。
05:41
And despite Bucky's prophecies
80
325000
3000
不顧巴克
05:44
that everything would be miniaturized
81
328000
3000
所有的東西都小型化，
05:47
and technology would make an incredible style --
82
331000
3000
和科技會創造一個不可思議的風格的預言--
05:50
access to comfort, to amenities --
83
334000
4000
貼近舒適度及優雅--
05:54
it was very, very difficult to imagine
84
338000
3000
很難想像
05:57
that everything that we see in this image,
85
341000
2000
我們在這圖上所看到的一切，
05:59
would be very, very stylishly packaged.
86
343000
3000
將會被包裝得很時髦。
06:02
And that, and more besides, would be in the palm of your hand.
87
346000
3000
此外，還能放到你掌心裡，
06:05
And I think that that digital revolution
88
349000
4000
我認為數位革命
06:09
now is coming to the point
89
353000
3000
現在走到了一個點，
06:12
where, as the virtual world, which brings so many people together here,
90
356000
6000
讓可聚集許多人來此的虛擬世界，
06:18
finally connects with the physical world,
91
362000
2000
終於與實體世界有了連結 。
06:20
there is the reality that that has become humanized,
92
364000
6000
事實上，這連結已被人性化了，
06:26
so that digital world has all the friendliness,
93
370000
4000
所以，數位世界擁有親切感、
06:30
all the immediacy, the orientation of the analog world.
94
374000
4000
即時性及類比世界中的方位。
06:34
Probably summed up in a way
95
378000
2000
也許可以用
06:36
by the stylish or alternative available here,
96
380000
4000
手邊這時髦，或是替代的產品來作總結，
06:40
as we generously had gifted at lunchtime,
97
384000
4000
就像是我們在午餐時間被慷慨給與的，
06:44
the [unclear], which is a further kind of development --
98
388000
4000
下一階段的發展Maxin，
06:48
and again, inspired by the incredible sort of sensual feel.
99
392000
4000
這也是受到奇妙的感受所啓發的。
06:52
A very, very beautiful object.
100
396000
2000
一個非常非常美的物品，
06:54
So, something which in [the] '50s, '60s was very exclusive
101
398000
5000
在50、60年代很獨特的東西，
06:59
has now become, interestingly, quite inclusive.
102
403000
3000
現在卻有趣地成為，蘊含在內的元素
07:02
And the reference to the iPod as iconic,
103
406000
4000
把iPod當成象徵性的指標，
07:06
and in a way evocative of performance, delivery --
104
410000
5000
他創造了難忘的性能與傳達經驗，
07:11
quite interesting that [in] the beginning of the year 2007,
105
415000
3000
有趣的是 2007年初，
07:14
the Financial Times commented that the Detroit companies
106
418000
4000
《金融時報》報導底特律的幾家公司，
07:18
envy the halo effect that Toyota has gained
107
422000
3000
都羨慕豐田從Prius得到的月暈效應，
07:21
from the Prius as the hybrid, energy-conscious vehicle,
108
425000
5000
節電油能混合汽車Prius也因此，
07:26
which rivals the iPod as an iconic product.
109
430000
2000
成為象徵商品iPod的競爭對手。
07:28
And I think it's very tempting to, in a way, seduce ourselves --
110
432000
5000
我想我們很容易誘使自己落入圈套，
07:33
as architects, or anybody involved with the design process --
111
437000
3000
無論是建築師或任何參與設計過程的人，
07:36
that the answer to our problems lies with buildings.
112
440000
4000
會認為解決問題的方法就在建築上。
07:40
Buildings are important, but
113
444000
2000
建築是重要的，可是
07:42
they're only a component of a much bigger picture.
114
446000
3000
那只是整體的部分結構。
07:45
In other words, as I might seek to demonstrate,
115
449000
2000
換句話說，我將試圖說明，
07:47
if you could achieve the impossible,
116
451000
2000
如果你能做到不可能的事，
07:49
the equivalent of perpetual motion,
117
453000
3000
例如永恆運動，
07:52
you could design a carbon-free house, for example.
118
456000
4000
你就可以設計一棟零碳房屋。
07:56
That would be the answer.
119
460000
1000
那將會是解決辦法。
07:57
Unfortunately, it's not the answer.
120
461000
2000
可惜的是，那並不是解答，
07:59
It's only the beginning of the problem.
121
463000
2000
只是問題的開始而已。
08:01
You cannot separate the buildings out
122
465000
2000
你不能將建築
08:03
from the infrastructure of cites
123
467000
2000
從城市基礎建設
08:05
and the mobility of transit.
124
469000
2000
及交通運輸中切割出來。
08:07
For example, if, in that Bucky-inspired phrase, we draw back
125
471000
6000
例如，如果在巴克所啟發的詞彙中，我們回顧
08:13
and we look at planet Earth,
126
477000
2000
並觀察地球，
08:15
and we take a kind of typical, industrialized society,
127
479000
3000
拿個一般工業化的社會來看，
08:18
then the energy consumed would be split
128
482000
3000
所消耗的能源可分成
08:21
between the buildings, 44 percent, transport, 34 percent, and industry.
129
485000
6000
建築佔44%、交通佔34%及工業。
08:27
But again, that only shows part of the picture.
130
491000
2000
不過那也只是其中一部分而已，
08:29
If you looked at the buildings together with the associated transport,
131
493000
5000
如果你把建築跟相關交通一起觀察，
08:34
in other words, the transport of people, which is 26 percent,
132
498000
5000
換句話說，就是人們的運輸佔26%，
08:39
then 70 percent of the energy consumption
133
503000
2000
那麼70%的能源消耗
08:41
is influenced by the way that our cites and infrastructure work together.
134
505000
7000
則會受到城市及基礎建設一起運作的影響。
08:48
So the problems of sustainability
135
512000
3000
於是，永續性的問題，
08:51
cannot be separated from the nature of the cities,
136
515000
3000
不能跟建築所歸屬的
08:54
of which the buildings are a part.
137
518000
3000
城市的本質分開。
08:57
For example, if you take, and you make a comparison
138
521000
4000
例如，如果你把兩個城市做比較，
09:01
between a recent kind of city,
139
525000
4000
一個新的城市，
09:05
what I'll call, simplistically, a North American city --
140
529000
3000
我簡單稱為一個北美的城市--
09:08
and Detroit is not a bad example, it is very car dependent.
141
532000
5000
底特律是個不錯的例子，大量依賴汽車，
09:13
The city goes out in annular rings,
142
537000
3000
底特律城市以環狀的方式擴散，
09:16
consuming more and more green space,
143
540000
2000
耗用更多的綠地
09:18
and more and more roads, and more and more energy
144
542000
4000
及更多的道路，還有更多更多的能源，
09:22
in the transport of people between the city center --
145
546000
4000
就爲了運輸人們往返市中心--
09:26
which again, the city center, as it becomes deprived
146
550000
3000
隨著市中心被剝奪
09:29
of the living and just becomes commercial, again becomes dead.
147
553000
5000
生活空間，成為商業中心，它也就死亡了。
09:34
If you compared Detroit with a city of a Northern European example --
148
558000
6000
如果你將底特律跟一個北歐城市比較，
09:40
and Munich is not a bad example of that,
149
564000
4000
慕尼黑是個不錯的例子。
09:44
with the greater dependence on walking and cycling --
150
568000
5000
大量依賴走路和腳踏車，
09:49
then a city which is really only twice as dense,
151
573000
6000
那麼這個密度多了一倍的城市，
09:55
is only using one-tenth of the energy.
152
579000
4000
卻只有使用底特律十分之一的能源。
09:59
In other words, you take these comparable examples
153
583000
2000
換句話說，你看這兩個比較的例子，
10:01
and the energy leap is enormous.
154
585000
4000
就知道其中能源的差距很巨大。
10:05
So basically, if you wanted to generalize, you can demonstrate
155
589000
6000
基本上，如果你想歸納，你可以說
10:11
that as the density increases along the bottom there,
156
595000
5000
在底線上隨著人口密度的增加，
10:16
that the energy consumed reduces dramatically.
157
600000
4000
能源消耗卻可大幅減少。
10:20
Of course you can't separate this out from issues like
158
604000
3000
當然，你無法撇開
10:23
social diversity, mass transit,
159
607000
3000
社會多樣性、大眾運輸、
10:26
the ability to be able to walk a convenient distance,
160
610000
4000
方便行走的距離、
10:30
the quality of civic spaces.
161
614000
2000
城市空間的品質等條件。
10:32
But again, you can see Detroit, in yellow at the top,
162
616000
5000
你可以再次看到上方黃色的底特律，
10:37
extraordinary consumption, down below Copenhagen.
163
621000
3000
有驚人的用量，哥本哈根則在它之下，
10:40
And Copenhagen, although it's a dense city,
164
624000
2000
哥本哈根雖然是人口密集的城市，
10:42
is not dense compared with the really dense cities.
165
626000
5000
比起其他真正密度高的城市卻不太擁擠。
10:47
In the year 2000, a rather interesting thing happened.
166
631000
5000
2000年，發生了一件蠻有趣的事，
10:52
You had for the first time mega-cities, [of] 5 million or more,
167
636000
4000
你首次看見五百萬人或以上的巨型城市，
10:56
which were occurring in the developing world.
168
640000
4000
開始在發展中國家形成。
11:00
And now, out of typically 46 cities,
169
644000
3000
今天在46個典型城市中，
11:03
33 of those mega-cities are in the developing world.
170
647000
5000
其中33個巨型城市都位於發展中國家。
11:08
So you have to ask yourself -- the environmental impact of,
171
652000
4000
所以你必須問自己--例如，
11:12
for example, China or India.
172
656000
2000
中國或印度，將帶來什麼環境衝擊。
11:14
If you take China, and you just take Beijing,
173
658000
5000
假如中國，拿北京做例子，
11:19
you can see on that traffic system,
174
663000
3000
你可以看到那交通系統及
11:22
and the pollution associated with the consumption of energy
175
666000
6000
因為汽車變得跟自行車一樣便宜
11:28
as the cars expand at the price of the bicycles.
176
672000
7000
的消耗能源所帶來的污染
11:35
In other words, if you put onto the roads, as is currently happening,
177
679000
5000
換句話說，如果每天都增加
11:40
1,000 new cars every day --
178
684000
4000
1000輛新車在路上--
11:44
statistically, it's the biggest booming auto market in the world --
179
688000
6000
數據顯示這是世界上最蓬勃的汽車市場，
11:50
and the half a billion bicycles serving one and a third billion people are reducing.
180
694000
8000
而三億多人騎的五億輛自行車正在減少，
11:58
And that urbanization is extraordinary, accelerated pace.
181
702000
7000
這樣都市化的速度是驚人的快。
12:05
So, if we think of the transition in our society
182
709000
7000
假如，我們思考自己的社會轉變，
12:12
of the movement from the land to the cities, which took 200 years,
183
716000
5000
從空地發展到城市整整花了200年，
12:17
then that same process is happening in 20 years.
184
721000
5000
同樣的過程卻只花了北京20年。
12:22
In other words, it is accelerating by a factor of 10.
185
726000
5000
也就是北京以快十倍的速度行進著，
12:27
And quite interestingly, over something like a 60-year period,
186
731000
8000
有趣的是，在大約60年之間，
12:35
we're seeing the doubling in life expectancy,
187
739000
3000
我們看到預期壽命正在倍增，
12:38
over that period where the urbanization has trebled.
188
742000
6000
同時都市化也變成三倍。
12:44
If I pull back from that global picture,
189
748000
3000
如果我回看全球局面，
12:47
and I look at the implication over a similar period of time
190
751000
4000
以類似的時間長度來看其中的含義，
12:51
in terms of the technology -- which, as a tool,
191
755000
4000
從科技的角度來看--就工具而言，
12:55
is a tool for designers,
192
759000
2000
科技是設計師的工具 ，
12:57
and I cite our own experience as a company,
193
761000
4000
我將以我自己公司的經驗舉證 ，
13:01
and I just illustrate that by a small selection of projects --
194
765000
5000
選幾個作品來說明--
13:06
then how do you measure that change of technology?
195
770000
5000
你如何測量科技的改變呢?
13:11
How does it affect the design of buildings?
196
775000
3000
科技又如何影響建築的設計呢?
13:14
And particularly, how can it lead
197
778000
3000
特別是，它如何引領
13:17
to the creation of buildings which consume less energy,
198
781000
4000
我們創造節能的、
13:21
create less pollution and are more socially responsible?
199
785000
5000
低污染的且負有社會責任的建築呢？
13:26
That story, in terms of buildings, started in the late '60s, early '70s.
200
790000
6000
那個故事始於60年代後期70年代初，
13:32
The one example I take is a corporate headquarters
201
796000
3000
我所選的例子是，一個企業總部大樓，
13:35
for a company called Willis and Faber,
202
799000
3000
客戶是威利法柏。
13:38
in a small market town in the northeast of England,
203
802000
7000
地點是英格蘭東北部的商業小鎮，
13:45
commuting distance with London.
204
809000
3000
與倫敦隔著合理的通勤距離。
13:48
And here, the first thing you can see
205
812000
2000
首先，你可以看見的
13:50
is that this building, the roof is a very warm kind of
206
814000
5000
這棟大樓的屋頂像是
13:55
overcoat blanket, a kind of insulating garden,
207
819000
3000
很溫暖的棉大衣、一個隔熱的花園，
13:58
which is also about the celebration of public space.
208
822000
4000
也是在讚揚公共空間的美好。
14:02
In other words, for this community, they have this garden in the sky.
209
826000
4000
也就是說，群眾會有一個空中花園，
14:06
So the humanistic ideal is very, very strong in all this work,
210
830000
5000
在這作品中，有濃厚的人文理想氣息，
14:11
encapsulated perhaps by one of my early sketches here,
211
835000
5000
或許這也涵蓋在我早期的手稿當中，
14:16
where you can see greenery, you can see sunlight,
212
840000
3000
你看得到綠地、陽光，
14:19
you have a connection with nature.
213
843000
2000
跟大自然有連結 ，
14:21
And nature is part of the generator, the driver for this building.
214
845000
5000
而大自然是這棟建築的發電機及驅動者之一，
14:26
And symbolically, the colors of the interior are green and yellow.
215
850000
4000
象徵性地，地室內的顏色是綠色和黃色的。
14:30
It has facilities like swimming pools, it has flextime,
216
854000
4000
它有游泳池等設施，有彈性工時，
14:34
it has a social heart, a space, you have contact with nature.
217
858000
5000
有個社交中心地，一個能接近自然的空間，。
14:39
Now this was 1973.
218
863000
3000
而這是1973年的設計，
14:42
In 2001, this building received an award.
219
866000
4000
在2001年這棟建築得到了一個獎，
14:46
And the award was about a celebration for a building
220
870000
3000
表揚一棟
14:49
which had been in use over a long period of time.
221
873000
4000
使用了許多年的建築 ，
14:53
And the people who'd created it came back:
222
877000
3000
打造這棟建築的人都回來了。
14:56
the project managers, the company chairmen then.
223
880000
4000
企劃主管及當時的公司總裁
15:00
And they were saying, you know,
224
884000
1000
他們說：
15:01
"The architects, Norman was always going on about
225
885000
3000
那建築師諾曼總是說，
15:04
designing for the future, and you know,
226
888000
2000
要為未來做設計 ，
15:06
it didn't seem to cost us any more.
227
890000
2000
而且，也不多花我們更多錢。
15:08
So we humored him, we kept him happy."
228
892000
4000
所以，我們就遷就他讓他快樂，
15:12
The image at the top,
229
896000
2000
上方的圖片，
15:14
what it doesn't -- if you look at it in detail,
230
898000
2000
如果你仔細看
15:16
really what it is saying is you can wire this building.
231
900000
4000
它其實是在說，你可以替這棟建築佈線，
15:20
This building was wired for change.
232
904000
4000
這棟建築為改變而佈線。
15:24
So, in 1975, the image there is of typewriters.
233
908000
4000
1975年，圖片上的是打字機
15:28
And when the photograph was taken, it's word processors.
234
912000
5000
當拍攝照片時，則變成了電腦。
15:33
And what they were saying on this occasion was that our competitors
235
917000
4000
這兩樣東西，在那時間點顯示出我們的競爭者，
15:37
had to build new buildings for the new technology.
236
921000
4000
必須建蓋新的大樓來迎接新科技。
15:41
We were fortunate,
237
925000
2000
我們很幸運，
15:43
because in a way our building was future-proofed.
238
927000
2000
因為我們的建築是可適應未來的。
15:45
It anticipated change, even though those changes were not known.
239
929000
6000
它預期了改變，儘管那些改變並不可知。
15:51
Round about that design period leading up to this building,
240
935000
4000
大約在完成這棟大樓的設計之前，
15:55
I did a sketch, which we pulled out of the archive recently.
241
939000
5000
我畫的一張草圖，最近才從檔案中拿出來，
16:00
And I was saying, and I wrote, "But we don't have the time,
242
944000
4000
我在上面寫著：「但是我們沒有那個時間，
16:04
and we really don't have the immediate expertise
243
948000
3000
也沒有現有的
16:07
at a technical level."
244
951000
1000
技術專業可用」
16:08
In other words, we didn't have the technology
245
952000
2000
也就是說，我們當時並沒有相關的科技，
16:10
to do what would be really interesting on that building.
246
954000
4000
能把真的有意思的東西放進這棟建築裡。
16:14
And that would be to create a kind of three-dimensional bubble --
247
958000
4000
如創造一種立體的泡泡--
16:18
a really interesting overcoat that would naturally ventilate,
248
962000
5000
一種會自然通風的有趣外層，
16:23
would breathe and would seriously reduce the energy loads.
249
967000
5000
會呼吸且真的能減少能量的消耗。
16:28
Notwithstanding the fact that the building, as a green building,
250
972000
3000
儘管，事實上，這棟建築
16:31
is very much a pioneering building.
251
975000
2000
還是可稱為綠建築的開創先鋒。
16:33
And if I fast-forward in time, what is interesting
252
977000
3000
有趣的是，如果我把時間快轉，
16:36
is that the technology is now available and celebratory.
253
980000
5000
現在有環保科技可用且蓬勃發展。
16:41
The library of the Free University, which opened last year,
254
985000
6000
去年落成的自由大學的圖書館，
16:47
is an example of that.
255
991000
2000
就是一個例子。
16:49
And again, the transition from one of the many thousands
256
993000
4000
從幾萬分草圖之一，
16:53
of sketches and computer images to the reality.
257
997000
4000
變成電腦圖再到實體。
16:57
And a combination of devices here,
258
1001000
2000
裡頭混合著許多設備，
16:59
the kind of heavy mass concrete of these book stacks,
259
1003000
4000
那些厚重的水泥書櫃，
17:03
and the way in which that is enclosed by this skin,
260
1007000
6000
還有被外層包覆的方式，
17:09
which enables the building to be ventilated,
261
1013000
4000
可讓圖書館自然通風
17:13
to consume dramatically less energy,
262
1017000
3000
大量節能，
17:16
and where it's really working with the forces of nature.
263
1020000
3000
而且，真的能夠以大自然的力量運作。
17:19
And what is interesting is that this is hugely popular
264
1023000
6000
有趣的是，這很受
17:25
by the people who use it.
265
1029000
2000
使用者的喜愛。
17:27
Again, coming back to that thing about the lifestyle,
266
1031000
3000
這又帶我們回到生活品味的觀念上，
17:30
and in a way, the ecological agenda is very much at one with the spirit.
267
1034000
9000
某種程度上，人們的心靈認同生態議題。
17:39
So it's not a kind of sacrifice, quite the reverse.
268
1043000
3000
所以，這不是一種犧牲恰好相反。
17:42
I think it's a great -- it's a celebration.
269
1046000
3000
我認為環保是很棒、很值得慶祝的事。
17:45
And you can measure the performance,
270
1049000
4000
你可以測量環保的效能，
17:49
in terms of energy consumption, of that building
271
1053000
3000
將這建築的耗能量
17:52
against a typical library.
272
1056000
3000
跟典型的圖書館做比較。
17:55
If I show another aspect of that technology
273
1059000
3000
讓我舉出另一個環保科技，
17:58
then, in a completely different context --
274
1062000
4000
在背景完全不同的地方--
18:02
this apartment building in the Alps in Switzerland.
275
1066000
5000
這是在瑞士阿爾卑斯山的公寓大樓，
18:07
Prefabricated from the most traditional of materials,
276
1071000
3000
用最傳統的建材預先打造，
18:10
but that material -- because of the technology, the computing ability,
277
1074000
5000
那建材--因為有科技和電腦的協助，
18:15
the ability to prefabricate, make high-performance components
278
1079000
4000
可預製且製造高性能的木材結構，
18:19
out of timber -- very much at the cutting edge.
279
1083000
4000
是很先進的建材。
18:23
And just to give a sort of glimpse of that technology,
280
1087000
3000
稍微來看一下這個技術，
18:26
the ability to plot points in the sky
281
1090000
8000
將點畫在空中，
18:34
and to transmit, to transfer that information
282
1098000
7000
再將資料
18:41
now, directly into the factory.
283
1105000
5000
直接傳輸到工廠。
18:46
So if you cross the border -- just across the border --
284
1110000
3000
越過瑞士的邊界一點距離，
18:49
a small factory in Germany, and here you can see the guy with his computer screen,
285
1113000
6000
在德國有一間小工廠，你可以看到這裡有一個人站在電腦前，
18:55
and those points in space are communicated.
286
1119000
4000
剛才那些空中的點就傳輸過來了。
18:59
And on the left are the cutting machines,
287
1123000
3000
在左邊的是用來切割的機器，
19:02
which then, in the factory,
288
1126000
2000
它讓工廠
19:04
enable those individual pieces to be fabricated
289
1128000
4000
可以預製每一塊獨特的建材，
19:08
and plus or minus very, very few millimeters,
290
1132000
3000
只留下幾公厘
19:11
to be slotted together on site.
291
1135000
3000
讓工人在現場組裝。
19:14
And then interestingly, that building to then be clad
292
1138000
6000
有趣的是，接著那棟建築
19:20
in the oldest technology, which is the kind of hand-cut shingles.
293
1144000
6000
將以最古老的技術覆蓋起來，有點像手工切製的瓦片。
19:26
One quarter of a million of them applied by hand as the final finish.
294
1150000
7000
以手工鋪上25萬片來完成最後的表面處理，
19:33
And again, the way in which that works as a building,
295
1157000
4000
就建築而言，瓦片讓我們
19:37
for those of us who can enjoy the spaces,
296
1161000
4000
可以享受到那兒居住
19:41
to live and visit there.
297
1165000
3000
和參觀的空間。
19:44
If I made the leap into these new technologies,
298
1168000
4000
我跳到這裡講這些新的科技，
19:48
then how did we -- what happened before that?
299
1172000
3000
那之前發生了什麼事呢？
19:51
I mean, you know, what was life like before the mobile phone,
300
1175000
6000
我的意思是，手機及你認為理所當然的東西出現之前，
19:57
the things that you take for granted?
301
1181000
3000
那生活又是怎樣的呢？
20:00
Well, obviously the building still happened.
302
1184000
2000
顯然，建築還是蓋起來了。
20:02
I mean, this is a glimpse of the interior of our Hong Kong bank of 1979,
303
1186000
8000
這是1979年建蓋的香港銀行的內部，
20:10
which opened in 1985, with the ability to be able to reflect sunlight
304
1194000
5000
在1985年落成，能夠將陽光折射進入
20:15
deep into the heart of this space here.
305
1199000
3000
這個空間的中心。
20:18
And in the absence of computers, you have to physically model.
306
1202000
4000
在沒有電腦的情況下，你必須製作實體模型，
20:22
So for example, we would put models under an artificial sky.
307
1206000
7000
例如，我們會將模型放在人造的天空下，
20:29
For wind tunnels, we would literally put them
308
1213000
2000
如果是風道，我們就會把它們
20:31
in a wind tunnel and blast air,
309
1215000
3000
放在風道裡猛烈吹風，
20:34
and the many kilometers of cable and so on.
310
1218000
4000
及應用好幾公里的鋼索等等。
20:38
And the turning point was probably, in our terms,
311
1222000
4000
對我們而言那個轉捩點是，
20:42
when we had the first computer.
312
1226000
4000
當我們擁有第一批電腦的時候，
20:46
And that was at the time that we sought
313
1230000
4000
當時我們正在探索
20:50
to redesign, reinvent the airport.
314
1234000
4000
重新設計及創造機場。
20:54
This is Terminal Four at Heathrow, typical of any terminal --
315
1238000
5000
這是希司羅機場的第四航空站，很典型的航空站，
20:59
big, heavy roof, blocking out the sunlight,
316
1243000
2000
很大、很厚重的屋頂，完全阻擋了陽光，
21:01
lots of machinery, big pipes, whirring machinery.
317
1245000
5000
許多機器大的運輸管、吵雜的機械聲。
21:06
And Stansted, the green alternative,
318
1250000
5000
史丹斯泰德機場則是個綠色的選擇，
21:11
which uses natural light, is a friendly place:
319
1255000
2000
使用自然採光，是個很友善的空間--
21:13
you know where you are, you can relate to the outside.
320
1257000
4000
你知道自己的位置，你也可跟外界有連結，
21:17
And for a large part of its cycle, not needing electric light --
321
1261000
4000
而整個循環的重點是，它完全不需要電燈--
21:21
electric light, which in turn creates more heat,
322
1265000
3000
因為電燈會產生更多熱度，
21:24
which creates more cooling loads and so on.
323
1268000
2000
繼而增加散熱的負擔。
21:26
And at that particular point in time,
324
1270000
3000
而在那個特別的時機，
21:29
this was one of the few solitary computers.
325
1273000
4000
這是其中一台稀少的獨立計算機，
21:33
And that's a little image of the tree of Stansted.
326
1277000
6000
那是史丹斯泰德機場的結構圖。
21:39
Not going back very far in time, 1990,
327
1283000
3000
1990年不太久遠的年代，
21:42
that's our office.
328
1286000
3000
那是我們的辦公室。
21:45
And if you looked very closely, you'd see
329
1289000
3000
如果你非常仔細地看，
21:48
that people were drawing with pencils,
330
1292000
2000
你會看到人們用鉛筆畫圖，
21:50
and they were pushing, you know, big rulers and triangles.
331
1294000
4000
他們還在用很大的尺和三角板，
21:54
It's not that long ago, 17 years, and here we are now.
332
1298000
4000
那並不是很久以前的事，17年後看看我們現在已經這麼進步了，
21:58
I mean, major transformation.
333
1302000
2000
真是巨大的轉變。
22:01
Going back in time, there was a lady called Valerie Larkin,
334
1305000
4000
回到以前，有一位維拉蕊‧拉肯女士，
22:05
and in 1987, she had all our information on one disk.
335
1309000
7000
1987年，她將所有的資料全部存在一張磁片上，
22:12
Now, every week, we have the equivalent of 84 million disks,
336
1316000
9000
現在，每星期我們的資料，可等同於當時的八千四百萬張磁片，
22:21
which record our archival information
337
1325000
3000
存有過去、現在
22:24
on past, current and future projects.
338
1328000
3000
及未來的企劃案。
22:27
That reaches 21 kilometers into the sky.
339
1331000
4000
長度可攀升到21公里高的天空，
22:31
This is the view you would get, if you looked down on that.
340
1335000
3000
這是你從那高度往下看的景象，
22:34
But meanwhile, as you know,
341
1338000
2000
可是現在，你知道
22:36
wonderful protagonists like Al Gore
342
1340000
4000
像高爾那樣傑出的倡導者，
22:40
are noting the inexorable rise in temperature,
343
1344000
6000
都在說氣溫將無法停止攀升，
22:46
set in the context of that,
344
1350000
3000
在這樣的情況下，
22:49
interestingly, those buildings which are celebratory
345
1353000
2000
很有趣地發現那些提倡環保的建築，
22:51
and very, very relevant to this place.
346
1355000
4000
都和那地方關係很密切。
22:55
Our Reichstag project,
347
1359000
2000
這是柏林國會大廈建案，
22:58
which has a very familiar agenda, I'm sure,
348
1362000
4000
我想這有一個眾所皆知的議題，
23:02
as a public place where we sought to, in a way,
349
1366000
6000
作為一個公共空間，
23:08
through a process of advocacy,
350
1372000
3000
我們想找個辦法透過提倡的方式 ，
23:11
reinterpret the relationship between society and politicians,
351
1375000
5000
重新詮釋社會及政治家的關係，
23:16
public space. And maybe its hidden agenda, an energy manifesto --
352
1380000
5000
也許公共空間在隱藏的議題中有個能源宣言--
23:21
something that would be free, completely free
353
1385000
3000
某種不受限制的東西，完全不需要
23:24
of fuel as we know it.
354
1388000
3000
我們所知道的燃料 ，
23:27
So it would be totally renewable.
355
1391000
2000
使它完全是可再生的。
23:29
And again, the humanistic sketch, the translation into the public space,
356
1393000
5000
另一個人性化的草圖，進入公共空間的轉變，
23:34
but this very, very much a part of the ecology.
357
1398000
3000
幾乎屬於生態環境的一部份。
23:37
But here, not having to model it for real.
358
1401000
4000
可是我們不需要爲實體製作模型，
23:41
Obviously the wind tunnel had a place,
359
1405000
3000
顯然風道原本有它的需要，
23:44
but the ability now with the computer
360
1408000
2000
可是現在的電腦技術，
23:46
to explore, to plan, to see how that would work
361
1410000
4000
能夠去探索、規劃，並觀察那會如何
23:50
in terms of the forces of nature:
362
1414000
2000
在自然力量下運轉。
23:52
natural ventilation, to be able to model the chamber below,
363
1416000
4000
自然通風，我們能模擬地下的空間，
23:56
and to look at biomass.
364
1420000
3000
並且探討生質能源。
23:59
A combination of biomass, aquifers, burning vegetable oil --
365
1423000
7000
綜合生物質、地下蓄水層、燃燒植物油--
24:06
a process that, quite interestingly, was developed
366
1430000
4000
一個在東德依靠蘇聯軍事時
24:10
in Eastern Germany, at the time of its
367
1434000
4000
發展出的過程，
24:14
dependence on the Soviet Bloc.
368
1438000
2000
重新轉化那技術。
24:16
So really, retranslating that technology and developing something
369
1440000
4000
發展出
24:20
which was so clean, it was virtually pollution-free.
370
1444000
4000
很乾淨幾乎零污染的能源。
24:24
You can measure it again.
371
1448000
1000
你也可以再測量一次，
24:25
You can compare how that building, in terms of its emission
372
1449000
4000
比較這棟建築
24:29
in tons of carbon dioxide per year --
373
1453000
2000
每年的二氧化碳排量--
24:31
at the time that we took that project, over 7,000 tons --
374
1455000
4000
在建案開始時是7000公噸以上，
24:35
what it would have been with natural gas
375
1459000
1000
使用天然氣之後又少了多少？
24:36
and finally, with the vegetable oil, 450 tons.
376
1460000
3000
最後使用植物油後只剩450公噸，
24:39
I mean, a 94 percent reduction -- virtually clean.
377
1463000
3000
減少了94%--幾乎是零污染。
24:42
We can see the same processes at work
378
1466000
2000
我們可以看到同樣的設計，
24:44
in terms of the Commerce Bank --
379
1468000
2000
在康美銀行也奏效--
24:46
its dependence on natural ventilation,
380
1470000
2000
仰賴自然通風，
24:48
the way that you can model those gardens,
381
1472000
2000
你可以模擬那些花園
24:50
the way they spiral around.
382
1474000
2000
旋轉的造型。
24:52
But again, very much about the lifestyle, the quality --
383
1476000
4000
同樣又是跟生活品味及品質有關--
24:56
something that would be more enjoyable as a place to work.
384
1480000
4000
一個讓人更能樂在工作的地方。
25:00
And again, we can measure the reduction
385
1484000
2000
而且還是能夠測量
25:02
in terms of energy consumption.
386
1486000
4000
其中的節能效果。
25:06
There is an evolution here between the projects,
387
1490000
2000
在這些建案之間有個革命，
25:08
and Swiss Re again develops that a little bit further --
388
1492000
5000
Swiss Re再次進展得更多一點。
25:13
the project in the city in London.
389
1497000
2000
這是在倫敦市中心的建案，
25:15
And this sequence shows the buildup of that model.
390
1499000
4000
這一連串的圖片將呈現模擬的過程，
25:19
But what it shows first, which I think is quite interesting,
391
1503000
3000
可是我發現有趣的是，首先它先呈現
25:22
is that here you see the circle, you see the public space around it.
392
1506000
5000
你現在看見的圓圈及周圍的公共空間，
25:27
What are the other ways of putting
393
1511000
2000
還有哪些方法，
25:29
the same amount of space on the site?
394
1513000
3000
可以將同樣大的空間放在那地點呢？
25:32
If, for example, you seek to do a building
395
1516000
4000
例如，你想要蓋一棟大樓，
25:36
which goes right to the edge of the pavement,
396
1520000
5000
以人行步道為界線，
25:41
it's the same amount of space.
397
1525000
3000
可營造出同樣大的空間。
25:44
And finally, you profile this, you cut grooves into it.
398
1528000
5000
最後，你描繪出一個輪廓切出紋路，
25:49
The grooves become the kind of green lungs
399
1533000
3000
那些紋路變成類似綠色的肺，
25:52
which give views, which give light, ventilation,
400
1536000
4000
提供眺望的景觀光線、通風作用，
25:56
make the building fresher.
401
1540000
2000
讓建築看來更新穎。
25:58
And you enclose that with something that also
402
1542000
3000
然後，你用對外表也有修飾作用的東西，
26:01
is central to its appearance,
403
1545000
3000
將整棟建築包起來，
26:04
which is a mesh of triangulated structures --
404
1548000
4000
那就是三角形的網狀體--
26:08
again, in a long connection evocative of
405
1552000
3000
再次與一些巴克明斯特·福勒的作品，
26:11
some of those works of Buckminster Fuller,
406
1555000
3000
跨越時空互相呼應，
26:14
and the way in which triangulation can increase performance
407
1558000
4000
而三角形的設計可提高性能，
26:18
and also give that building its sense of identity.
408
1562000
5000
也給予這建築獨特的身分辨識度。
26:23
And here, if we look at a detail of the way
409
1567000
3000
假如，我們仔細看這建築
26:26
that the building opens up and breathes into those atria,
410
1570000
3000
如何向上伸展，空氣在中庭的流通，
26:29
the way in which now, with a computer, we can model the forces,
411
1573000
5000
現在利用電腦，我們可以模擬力度，
26:34
we can see the high pressure, the low pressure,
412
1578000
3000
看到高氣壓、低氣壓，
26:37
the way in which the building behaves rather like an aircraft wing.
413
1581000
4000
建築本身就像機翼一樣運作。
26:41
So it also has the ability, all the time,
414
1585000
3000
它也有能力在任何時候，
26:44
regardless of the direction of the wind,
415
1588000
2000
不管風向如何，
26:46
to be able to make the building fresh and efficient.
416
1590000
5000
讓建築維持通風和高效能。
26:51
And unlike conventional buildings,
417
1595000
3000
跟傳統建築不一樣的是，
26:54
the top of the building is celebratory.
418
1598000
2000
建築的頂端是讓人愉悅的空間。
26:56
It's a viewing place for people, not machinery.
419
1600000
3000
它是一個觀景台，而不是機械室，
26:59
And the base of the building is again about public space.
420
1603000
4000
而建築的底層，也同樣是公共空間。
27:03
Comparing it with a typical building,
421
1607000
2000
跟典型的建築比較，
27:05
what happens if we seek to use such design strategies
422
1609000
5000
如果我們嘗試採用這樣的設計策略，
27:10
in terms of really large-scale thinking?
423
1614000
4000
並應用在大規模的思考上會如何呢 ？
27:14
And I'm just going to give two images
424
1618000
2000
我將分享兩張
27:16
out of a kind of company research project.
425
1620000
6000
類似公司調查計畫的圖片。
27:22
It's been well known that the Dead Sea is dying.
426
1626000
6000
眾所皆知死海正在死亡，
27:28
The level is dropping, rather like the Aral Sea.
427
1632000
4000
海平面正在下降有點像鹹海，
27:32
And the Dead Sea is obviously much lower
428
1636000
4000
死海的海平面顯然比
27:36
than the oceans and seas around it.
429
1640000
4000
周圍的海洋還低，
27:40
So there has been a project which rescues the Dead Sea
430
1644000
4000
於是就出現了一個拯救死海的計畫。
27:44
by creating a pipeline, a pipe,
431
1648000
4000
設置運輸管，
27:48
sometimes above the surface, sometimes buried,
432
1652000
3000
有時浮現、有時潛藏，
27:51
that will redress that, and will feed from the Gulf of Aqaba
433
1655000
6000
從阿卡巴灣輸送水來補救
27:57
into the Dead Sea.
434
1661000
2000
死海的海平面。
27:59
And our translation of that,
435
1663000
1000
我們的想法是，
28:00
using a lot of the thinking built up over the 40 years, is to say,
436
1664000
5000
應用過去40年來累積的知識，
28:05
what if that, instead of being just a pipe,
437
1669000
3000
如果不要用輸送管線，
28:08
what if it is a lifeline?
438
1672000
2000
而是創造一條生命線呢？
28:10
What if it is the equivalent, depending on where you are,
439
1674000
4000
假使這跟大運河一樣取決於
28:14
of the Grand Canal,
440
1678000
2000
你所在的位置，
28:16
in terms of tourists, habitation, desalination, agriculture?
441
1680000
5000
就觀光客、居住環境、海水、淡化農業來看？
28:21
In other words, water is the lifeblood.
442
1685000
2000
換句話說，水就是命脈。
28:23
And if you just go back to the previous image,
443
1687000
3000
如果回到剛才的圖片，
28:26
and you look at this area of volatility and hostility,
444
1690000
4000
你看到這個反覆無常且敵對的地區，
28:30
that a unifying design idea as a humanitarian gesture
445
1694000
6000
一個有如人道主義的整合設計概念，
28:36
could have the affect of bringing all those warring factions together
446
1700000
4000
很可能將敵對的派系因共同理想聚集在一起，
28:40
in a united cause, in terms of something that would be
447
1704000
4000
在最廣泛的意義上，
28:44
genuinely green and productive in the widest sense.
448
1708000
6000
用完全環保且有生產力的建設來解決。
28:50
Infrastructure at that large scale is also
449
1714000
2000
如此龐大的基礎建設
28:52
inseparable from communication.
450
1716000
5000
不能避免溝通，
28:57
And whether that communication is the virtual world
451
1721000
3000
無論那溝通是在虛擬
29:00
or it is the physical world,
452
1724000
1000
或實體的世界，
29:01
then it's absolutely central to society.
453
1725000
3000
對社會來說都是核心重點，
29:04
And how do we make more legible in this growing world,
454
1728000
5000
在不斷成長的世界裡，我們如何更清楚地表達，
29:09
especially in some of the places that I'm talking about --
455
1733000
4000
尤其是在我討論的一些地方--
29:13
China, for example, which in the next ten years
456
1737000
2000
例如，中國在未來的十年，
29:15
will create 400 new airports.
457
1739000
4000
將會建設400座新的機場，
29:19
Now what form do they take?
458
1743000
2000
那些機場將有什麼造型？
29:21
How do you make them more friendly at that scale?
459
1745000
3000
你如何讓大規模的機場對環境更友善呢？
29:24
Hong Kong I refer to as a kind of analog experience in a digital age,
460
1748000
7000
香港機場，我形容它是一個在數位時代的類比體驗，
29:31
because you always have a point of reference.
461
1755000
2000
因為你總是會有參照標準。
29:33
So what happens when we take that and you expand that further
462
1757000
6000
如果我們將這點延伸擴大到
29:39
into the Chinese society?
463
1763000
4000
中國社會會如何呢？
29:43
And what is interesting is that that produces in a way
464
1767000
4000
有趣的是，結果將產生
29:47
perhaps the ultimate mega-building.
465
1771000
2000
一個終極的巨型建築。
29:49
It is physically the largest project on the planet at the moment.
466
1773000
4000
這是目前地球上最大的建案。
29:53
250 -- excuse me, 50,000 people working 24 hours, seven days.
467
1777000
6000
250--抱歉！是五萬人每天工作24小時，
29:59
Larger by 17 percent than every terminal put together
468
1783000
4000
比希司羅機場還要大17%，包括現有的航空站
30:03
at Heathrow -- built -- plus the new, un-built Terminal Five.
469
1787000
5000
及未建蓋的第五航空站。
30:08
And the challenge here is a building that will be green,
470
1792000
4000
這當中的挑戰是要蓋一棟綠建築，
30:12
that is compact despite its size
471
1796000
3000
儘管巨大還是要精簡，
30:15
and is about the human experience of travel,
472
1799000
5000
以人類的旅行體驗為訴求，
30:20
is about friendly, is coming back to that starting point,
473
1804000
5000
也強調友善的使用性，當然又回到原點：
30:25
is very, very much about the lifestyle.
474
1809000
2000
跟生活品味非常有關聯。
30:27
And perhaps these, in the end, as celebratory spaces.
475
1811000
6000
也許最後這將會是一個令人快樂的空間，
30:33
As Hubert was talking over lunch,
476
1817000
2000
如同修伯特在午餐跟我
30:35
as we sort of engaged in conversation,
477
1819000
2000
談到的，
30:37
talked about this, talked about cities.
478
1821000
2000
談論到環保及城市。
30:39
Hubert was saying, absolutely correctly, "These are the new cathedrals."
479
1823000
5000
如同修伯特所說的而且完全正確，「這些是新的大教堂」。
30:44
And in a way, one aspect of this conversation
480
1828000
4000
某程度來說，這段演講的某一部份
30:48
was triggered on New Year's Eve,
481
1832000
4000
是在除夕夜想到的。
30:52
when I was talking about the Olympic agenda in China
482
1836000
8000
當時我說到中國的奧運議題，
31:00
in terms of its green ambitions and aspirations.
483
1844000
5000
它的綠色理想與抱負。
31:05
And I was voicing the thought that --
484
1849000
2000
我說出自己的想法--
31:07
it just crossed my mind that New Year's Eve,
485
1851000
2000
在那除夕夜想到的，
31:09
a sort of symbolic turning point as we move from 2006 to 2007 --
486
1853000
6000
那是從2006到2007的象徵性的轉捩點 ，
31:15
that maybe, you know, the future was
487
1859000
2000
也許未來是
31:17
the most powerful, innovative sort of nation.
488
1861000
4000
最強、最創新的一種國家。
31:21
The way in which somebody like Kennedy inspirationally could say,
489
1865000
3000
像甘迺迪那樣說出啟發性的話，
31:24
"We put a man on the moon."
490
1868000
1000
「我們把人放到月球上去」。
31:25
You know, who is going to say
491
1869000
2000
誰會來說，
31:27
that we cracked this thing of the dependence on fossil fuels,
492
1871000
5000
我們突破了對石化燃料的依賴，
31:32
with all that being held to ransom by rogue regimes, and so on.
493
1876000
4000
擺脫惡棍政權掌控的價格等等，
31:36
And that's a concerted platform.
494
1880000
2000
這是個商議好的平台。
31:38
It's more than one device, you know, it's renewable.
495
1882000
3000
不只是一種裝置且可再生，
31:41
And I voiced the thought that maybe at the turn of the year,
496
1885000
4000
我說出一個想法，也許在進入新的一年時，
31:45
I thought that the inspiration was more likely
497
1889000
2000
我覺得這些啟發性的創想
31:47
to come from those other, larger countries out there --
498
1891000
2000
將很可能來自其他更大的國家--
31:49
the Chinas, the Indias, the Asian-Pacific tigers.
499
1893000
4000
如中國、印度及亞太老虎們。
31:53
Thank you very much.
500
1897000
2000
謝謝各位！
31:55
(Applause)
501
1899000
1000
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Norman Foster - ArchitectSir Norman Foster, winner of the 1999 Pritzker Prize, is perhaps the leading urban stylist of our age. His elegant, efficient buildings grace cities around the globe.
Why you should listen
From museums and banks to airports and bridges, from apartment buildings to the Reichstag, in the past 35 years Norman Foster's beautiful and efficient designs have dramatically changed the character of cities (think of the London Gherkin) and landscapes (the Viaduc de Millau) around the world.
A common philosophy connects all of them, starting with social responsiveness and the use of natural resources (ventilation, light). Some of Foster's work has sparked controversy (such as his pyramid in Astana, Kazakhstan), but he has never ignored a chance to rewrite the rules of architecture, be it by tackling audaciously huge construction projects or by designing wind turbines and partly-solar-powered electric buses.
Norman Foster | Speaker | TED.com