ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bob Mankoff - Cartoon editor
Bob Mankoff is the cartoon editor of The New Yorker, as well as an accomplished cartoonist in his own right.

Why you should listen

Bob Mankoff has been the cartoon editor of The New Yorker since 1997. But his association with the magazine started many years before that, when he began submitting his own cartoons to the title in 1974. 2,000 rejections later, his first "idea drawing" was finally accepted and published, and in 1980, he accepted a contract to contribute cartoons on a regular basis. Since then, more than 800 of his cartoons have been published in the magazine.

These days, Mankoff is mainly responsible for helping to select from the 1000 cartoons the magazine receives each week, in order to select the "16 or 17" he says will actually make it into print.

Mankoff is also the author or editor of a number of books on cartoons and creativity, including The Naked Cartoonist: A New Way to Enhance Your Creativity, and The Complete Cartoons of The New Yorker, published in 2004 and which featured every cartoon published to that point since the magazine's debut in 1925.

 

More profile about the speaker
Bob Mankoff | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSalon NY2013

Bob Mankoff: Anatomy of a New Yorker cartoon

鮑伯‧曼克夫 (Bob Mankoff): 剖析紐約客雜誌的漫畫

Filmed:
1,333,825 views

紐約客雜誌平均每週收到1000多漫畫; 其中只有17個左右會被刊出。在這個有趣,節奏輕快,有見解的演講中,雜誌資深卡通編輯和自稱“幽默分析師”的鮑伯‧曼克夫 (Bob Mankoff) 剖析了雜誌中幾個“構想畫圖”中的幽默,解釋了什麼因素有效,什麼無效和為什麼。
- Cartoon editor
Bob Mankoff is the cartoon editor of The New Yorker, as well as an accomplished cartoonist in his own right. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'm going to be talking about designing設計 humor幽默,
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我今天要和大家談一談如何設計幽默
00:14
which哪一個 is sort分類 of an interesting有趣 thing, but it goes
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這應該算是很有趣的題目
00:16
to some of the discussions討論 about constraints限制,
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也會談到設計幽默的限制
00:20
and how in certain某些 contexts上下文, humor幽默 is right,
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還有在某些情境下幽默是對的
00:22
and in other contexts上下文 it's wrong錯誤.
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但在另一些情境下則不妥
00:24
Now, I'm from New York紐約,
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我來自紐約
00:27
so it's 100 percent百分 satisfaction滿意 here.
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所以我是百分百對幽默很滿意
00:30
Actually其實, that's ridiculous荒謬, because when it comes to humor幽默,
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其實這很荒謬, 因為講到幽默
00:34
75 percent百分 is really absolutely絕對 the best最好 you can hope希望 for.
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你最多只能期待有75%的滿意度
00:37
Nobody沒有人 is ever satisfied滿意 100 percent百分 with humor幽默
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世界上沒有人可以100%的滿意度
00:42
except this woman女人.
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除了這個女人
00:45
(Video視頻) Woman女人: (Laughs)
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(影片女人大笑)
這是我的第一任老婆
01:02
Bob短發 MankoffMankoff: That's my first wife妻子.
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01:03
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:06
That part部分 of the relationship關係 went fine.
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我們那時候關係很好
01:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
現在我們來看看這個漫畫
01:12
Now let's look at this cartoon動畫片.
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01:15
One of the things I'm pointing指點 out is that
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我想先指出
01:17
cartoons卡通 appear出現 within the context上下文
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這漫畫是在紐約客雜誌中
01:19
of The New Yorker紐約客 magazine雜誌,
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插在內文之中的
01:21
that lovely可愛 CaslonCASLON type類型, and it seems似乎
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文字是可愛的卡斯龍字型
01:23
like a fairly相當 benign良性 cartoon動畫片 within this context上下文.
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在這樣的情境下看起來是個相當良善的漫畫
它對變老這件事開了個玩笑
01:26
It's making製造 a little bit fun開玩笑 of getting得到 older舊的,
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你知道的, 人們可能會喜歡
01:28
and, you know, people might威力 like it.
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但像我說的, 你無法滿足所有人
01:30
But like I said, you cannot不能 satisfy滿足 everyone大家.
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你無法滿足這個傢伙
01:33
You couldn't不能 satisfy滿足 this guy.
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01:35
"Another另一個 joke玩笑 on old white白色 males男性. Ha ha. The wit風趣.
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"另一個開年紀大白人的玩笑, 哈哈, 很好笑
01:38
It's nice不錯, I'm sure to be young年輕 and rude無禮,
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很好, 我肯定你是即年輕又粗魯
01:40
but some day you'll你會 be old, unless除非 you drop下降 dead as I wish希望."
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但有一天你也會變老, 除非你猝死 - 像我期待的那樣"
01:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:47
The New Yorker紐約客 is rather a sensitive敏感 environment環境,
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紐約客雜誌是一個相較敏感的環境
讀者很容易不滿
01:50
very easy簡單 for people to get their nose鼻子 out of joint聯合.
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01:53
And one of the things that you realize實現
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然而有一件事你們可以感受到
01:56
is it's an unusual異常 environment環境.
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現在這裡是一個特別的氛圍
01:58
Here I'm one person talking to you.
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我一個人和各位演說, 你們是一個群體
02:00
You're all collective集體. You all hear each other laugh and know each other laugh.
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你們可以聽到彼此的笑聲, 也知道彼此在笑
02:04
In The New Yorker紐約客, it goes out to a wide audience聽眾,
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而在紐約客, 面對的觀眾很廣
02:08
and when you actually其實 look at that,
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當你去檢視這一點
02:10
and nobody沒有人 knows知道 what anybody任何人 else其他 is laughing at,
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沒有人知道其他人在笑些什麼
而且會發現幽默的主觀性
02:13
and when you look at that the subjectivity主觀性 involved參與 in humor幽默
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是很有趣的
02:17
is really interesting有趣.
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02:18
Let's look at this cartoon動畫片.
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讓我們來看看這個漫畫
02:20
"Discouraging令人沮喪 data數據 on the antidepressant抗抑鬱劑."
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"令人失望的抗憂鬱藥物研究結果"
(笑聲)
02:22
(Laughter笑聲)
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02:24
Indeed確實, it is discouraging令人沮喪.
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這確實令人失望
02:27
Now, you would think, well, look,
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現在你會說, 看吧
02:29
most of you laughed笑了 at that.
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大部分的人都笑了
02:31
Right? You thought it was funny滑稽.
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覺得這很有趣
02:32
In general一般, that seems似乎 like a funny滑稽 cartoon動畫片,
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一般而言, 這是一個很有趣的漫畫
02:34
but let's look what online線上 survey調查 I did.
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但是讓我們來看看我做的線上調查
大體而言, 近85%的人喜歡它
02:37
Generally通常, about 85 percent百分 of the people liked喜歡 it.
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02:39
A hundred and nine voted it a 10, the highest最高. Ten voted it one.
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109個人給了最高分十分, 有10人投了一分
02:43
But look at the individual個人 responses回复.
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看看這些人的回應
02:45
"I like animals動物!!!!!" Look how much they like them.
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"我很喜歡動物! 但看看他們呢.."
02:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
"我不想傷害他們, 我覺得這看起來不有趣"
02:51
"I don't want to hurt傷害 them. That doesn't seem似乎 very funny滑稽 to me."
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02:54
This person rated額定 it a two.
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這個人給了兩分
"就算只是漫畫, 我也不喜歡看到動物受苦"
02:56
"I don't like to see animals動物 suffer遭受 -- even in cartoons卡通."
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03:00
To people like this, I point out we use anesthetic麻藥 ink墨水.
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對這些人, 我會說我是用加了麻醉藥的墨水
03:05
Other people thought it was funny滑稽.
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其它人認為這很有趣
03:07
That actually其實 is the true真正 nature性質 of the distribution分配 of humor幽默
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實際上這是當你沒有幽默感時
03:10
when you don't have the contagion傳染性 of humor幽默.
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群眾很自然地對幽默的一種散播
03:14
Humor幽默 is a type類型 of entertainment娛樂.
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幽默是一種娛樂
03:16
All entertainment娛樂 contains包含 a little frisson戰栗 of danger危險,
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每一種娛樂都隱含了一些危險因素
03:20
something that might威力 happen發生 wrong錯誤,
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有些時候可能會出錯
03:22
and yet然而 we like it when there's protection保護.
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但有所保護的時候, 我們會喜歡它
03:24
That's what a zoo動物園 is. It's danger危險. The tiger is there.
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像是動物園, 老虎很危險, 但有柵欄保護
03:27
The bars酒吧 protect保護 us. That's sort分類 of fun開玩笑, right?
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這樣就感到一點有趣了, 對吧
03:31
That's a bad zoo動物園.
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這是一個不好的動物園
03:33
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:35
It's a very politically政治上 correct正確 zoo動物園, but it's a bad zoo動物園.
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這是一個政治正確的動物園, 但不是一個好的動物園
03:39
But this is a worse更差 one.
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更糟的動物園則長這樣
03:42
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:45
So in dealing交易 with humor幽默 in the context上下文 of The New Yorker紐約客,
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所以, 處理在紐約客文章中的幽默
03:50
you have to see, where is that tiger going to be?
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你必須知道老虎會在哪裡
03:52
Where is the danger危險 going to exist存在?
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哪裡存在著危險
03:54
How are you going to manage管理 it?
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你又會如何去面對
03:56
My job工作 is to look at 1,000 cartoons卡通 a week.
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我的工作是每週檢視一千個漫畫
04:00
But The New Yorker紐約客 only can take 16 or 17 cartoons卡通,
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但紐約客只能留下16到17個
04:05
and we have 1,000 cartoons卡通.
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然而我們有一千個
04:06
Of course課程, many許多, many許多 cartoons卡通 must必須 be rejected拒絕.
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因此有很多很多的漫畫必須被退回
04:09
Now, we could fit適合 more cartoons卡通 in the magazine雜誌
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當然我們可以在雜誌中放入更多的漫畫
04:12
if we removed去除 the articles用品.
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前提是把文章都拿掉
04:14
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:18
But I feel that would be a huge巨大 loss失利,
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我覺得那會是很大的損失
04:23
one I could live生活 with, but still huge巨大.
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我是可以接受, 但還是很大的損失
04:27
Cartoonists漫畫家 come in through通過 the magazine雜誌 every一切 week.
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每週很多漫畫畫家進來雜誌社
04:30
The average平均 cartoonist漫畫家 who stays入住 with the magazine雜誌
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平均來說, 他們每週畫10到15個漫畫
04:32
does 10 or 15 ideas思路 every一切 week.
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04:34
But they mostly大多 are going to be rejected拒絕.
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但它們大部分會被退稿
04:37
That's the nature性質 of any creative創作的 activity活動.
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所有創意工作都是如此
04:40
Many許多 of them fade褪色 away. Some of them stay.
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這些人多數隨時間離去, 有些人會留下
04:44
Matt馬特 DiffeeDiffee is one of them.
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Matt Diffee 是其中一個
04:45
Here's這裡的 one of his cartoons卡通.
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這是他的漫畫
04:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:53
Drew德魯 DernavichDernavich. "Accounting會計 night at the improv即興."
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Drew Dernavich 的 "在劇場的會計之夜"
04:56
"Now is the part部分 of the show顯示 when we ask the audience聽眾
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"這是表演的一部分, 我們會請觀眾隨機地給我們一些數字”
04:58
to shout out some random隨機 numbers數字."
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05:02
Paul保羅 Noth諾斯. "He's all right. I just wish希望 he were a little more pro-Israel親以色列."
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Paul Noth 的 "他沒問題的, 只希望他扮演以色列人能更專業一點"
05:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:12
Now I know all about rejection拒絕,
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各位, 我很了解退稿
05:14
because when I quit放棄 -- actually其實, I was booted啟動 out of -- psychology心理學 school學校
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因為當我休學, 事實上是我被踢出心理學學校
05:18
and decided決定 to become成為 a cartoonist漫畫家, a natural自然 segueSEGUE,
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決定要當一個漫畫畫家, 一個很自然的決定
05:22
from 1974 to 1977 I submitted提交 2,000 cartoons卡通 to The New Yorker紐約客,
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我從1974到1977年,送出了2000個漫畫去紐約客
05:27
and got 2,000 cartoons卡通 rejected拒絕 by The New Yorker紐約客.
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然而2000個漫畫都被紐約客退回
05:31
At a certain某些 point, this rejection拒絕 slip, in 1977 --
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在1977年的某個時間點, 退稿單從這張:
"很抱歉我們無法採用您的材料,謝謝您給我們機會參考您的作品"
05:36
[We regret後悔 that we are unable無法 to use the enclosed封閉 material材料. Thank you for giving us the opportunity機會 to consider考慮 it.] —
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05:37
magically神奇 changed to this.
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神奇的變成這張:
05:38
[Hey! You sold出售 one. No shit拉屎! You really sold出售 a cartoon動畫片 to the fucking他媽的 New Yorker紐約客 magazine雜誌.]
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”嘿,你賣掉了一個!不是蓋的,你真的成功的賣出了一個漫畫給他媽的紐約客雜誌。”
05:42
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:44
Now of course課程 that's not what happened發生,
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當然, 這不是真的狀況, 只是我心理上的感受
05:47
but that's the emotional情緒化 truth真相.
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05:51
And of course課程, that is not New Yorker紐約客 humor幽默.
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想當然爾, 那不是紐約客的幽默
05:54
What is New Yorker紐約客 humor幽默?
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什麼是紐約客幽默?
05:55
Well, after 1977, I broke打破 into The New Yorker紐約客 and started開始 selling銷售 cartoons卡通.
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在1997年後, 我闖進了紐約客雜誌並開始賣我的漫畫
06:00
Finally最後, in 1980, I received收到 the revered尊敬
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終於在1980年, 我收到了令人崇敬的紐約客的合約
06:03
New Yorker紐約客 contract合同,
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06:05
which哪一個 I blurred模糊 out parts部分 because it's none沒有 of your business商業.
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我模糊掉了一部分因為那跟你們無關
06:09
From 1980. "Dear Mr先生. MankoffMankoff, confirming確認 the agreement協議
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”在1980, 親愛的曼考夫先生, 確認了合約..."
06:13
there of -- " blah胡說 blah胡說 blah胡說 blah胡說 -- blur模糊 --
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"所以... 啦啦啦啦... 啦~”
06:15
"for any idea理念 drawings圖紙."
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”對於任何構想畫作...”
06:19
With respect尊重 to idea理念 drawings圖紙, nowhere無處 in the contract合同
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"關於構想畫作..."
在合約中從頭到尾都沒有提及"漫畫" 這個字
06:22
is the word "cartoon動畫片" mentioned提到.
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06:24
The word "idea理念 drawings圖紙," and that's the sine正弦 quaQUA non of New Yorker紐約客 cartoons卡通.
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"構想畫作" 這個字, 是紐約客漫畫的必要條件
06:29
So what is an idea理念 drawing畫畫? An idea理念 drawing畫畫 is something
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所以什麼是構想畫作? 構想畫作是..
會讓你思考的東西
06:33
that requires要求 you to think.
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06:36
Now that's not a cartoon動畫片. It requires要求 thinking思維
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這不是漫畫, 這需要部分畫家的想法
06:39
on the part部分 of the cartoonist漫畫家 and thinking思維 on your part部分
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和部分你的想法
06:42
to make it into a cartoon動畫片.
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讓它畫成一個漫畫
06:44
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:50
Here are some, generally通常 you get my cast of cartoon動畫片 mind心神.
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這裡有一些範例, 你可以從這了解我的漫畫思維
06:55
"There is no justice正義 in the world世界. There is some justice正義 in the world世界. The world世界 is just."
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”世界沒有公義, 世界上有一些公義, 這世界就是公義的”
07:01
This is What Lemmings旅鼠 Believe.
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"這是旅鼠相信的" (按: 跳下懸崖會上天堂)
07:03
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:09
The New Yorker紐約客 and I, when we made製作 comments註釋,
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當我和紐約客在下註解的時候
07:12
the cartoon動畫片 carries攜帶 a certain某些 ambiguity歧義 about what it actually其實 is.
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漫畫帶著一種模糊的意義
07:17
What is it, the cartoon動畫片? Is it really about lemmings旅鼠?
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這真的是關於旅鼠的漫畫嗎?
07:19
No. It's about us.
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不, 是關於我們
07:21
You know, it's my view視圖 basically基本上 about religion宗教,
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這基本上是我對宗教的觀點
07:24
that the real真實 conflict衝突 and all the fights打架 between之間 religion宗教
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真實世界中宗教之間的
07:29
is who has the best最好 imaginary假想 friend朋友.
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爭論著誰有最佳的幻想朋友
(按:小朋友常常會有的那種)
07:32
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:37
And this is my most well-known知名 cartoon動畫片.
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這是我最有名的漫畫
07:39
"No, Thursday's星期四 out. How about never — is never good for you?"
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"不, 星期四不行. '永不' 如何... '永不' 你可以嗎?"
07:43
It's been reprinted轉載 thousands數千 of times, totally完全 ripped撕開 off.
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這漫畫被印了上幾千次, 超夯的
07:45
It's even on thongs丁字褲,
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甚至印在丁字褲上
07:48
but compressed壓縮 to "How about never — is never good for you?"
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但被簡化成「'永不' 如何... '永不' 你可以嗎?」
07:54
Now these look like very different不同 forms形式 of humor幽默
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他們看起來像是非常不同形式的幽默
07:58
but actually其實 they bear a great similarity相似.
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但其實他們有很多的共通點
08:00
In each instance, our expectations期望 are defied蔑視.
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每一個例子中, 我們的預期被挑戰
08:05
In each instance, the narrative敘述 gets得到 switched交換的.
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每一個例子中, 敘事被調換了
08:08
There's an incongruity不協調 and a contrast對比.
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有著一種不協調與對比
08:11
In "No, Thursday's星期四 out. How about never — is never good for you?"
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在 "不, 星期四不行. '絕不' 如何... '絕不' 你可以嗎?"
你看到的是有禮貌的句子結構
08:14
what you have is the syntax句法 of politeness禮貌
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08:16
and the message信息 of being存在 rude無禮.
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和很粗魯的訊息
08:19
That really is how humor幽默 works作品. It's a cognitive認知 synergy協同效應
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這就是幽默運作的方式
認知的綜效. 將兩個互相矛盾的東西混在一起
08:22
where we mash糊狀物 up these two things which哪一個 don't go together一起
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並且暫時存留在我們的腦海裡
08:26
and temporarily暫時 in our minds頭腦 exist存在.
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08:28
He is both being存在 polite有禮貌 and rude無禮.
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它同時表現禮貌和無理
08:31
In here, you have the propriety of The New Yorker紐約客
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在這, 你有紐約客的禮貌和語言的粗俗
08:34
and the vulgarity俗氣 of the language語言.
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08:36
Basically基本上, that's the way humor幽默 works作品.
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基本上, 這就是幽默運作的方式
08:38
So I'm a humor幽默 analyst分析人士, you would say.
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所以, 你可以說我是一個幽默的分析師
08:41
Now E.B. White白色 said, analyzing分析 humor幽默 is like dissecting解剖 a frog青蛙.
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E.B. White 說, 分析幽默就像是解剖一隻青蛙
(按:E.B. White 是紐約客的知名作家)
08:44
Nobody沒有人 is much interested有興趣, and the frog青蛙 dies.
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沒有人會有興趣,而且青蛙會死
08:47
Well, I'm going to kill a few少數, but there won't慣於 be any genocide種族滅絕.
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我會殺死一些, 但不會造成種族滅絕
08:52
But really, it makes品牌 me —
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但它讓我...
08:54
Let's look at this picture圖片. This is an interesting有趣 picture圖片,
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我們來看看這張圖, 這是一幅有趣的圖
08:56
The Laughing Audience聽眾.
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在笑的觀眾們
08:58
There are the people, fopsFOPS up there,
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上面這些紈褲子弟
08:59
but everybody每個人 is laughing, everybody每個人 is laughing
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除了一個人, 每個人都在笑
09:02
except one guy.
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09:05
This guy. Who is he? He's the critic評論家.
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這一位
他是誰? 他是評論家
09:09
He's the critic評論家 of humor幽默,
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他是幽默的評論家
09:12
and really I'm forced被迫 to be in that position位置,
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說真的, 我是被強迫做這事的
09:15
when I'm at The New Yorker紐約客, and that's the danger危險
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在紐約客, 有很高的機率
09:18
that I will become成為 this guy.
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會變成這個人
09:23
Now here's這裡的 a little video視頻 made製作 by Matt馬特 DiffeeDiffee, sort分類 of
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這裡有一個 Matt Diffee 做的短片
09:26
how they imagine想像 if we really exaggerated誇張的 that.
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他們如何誇張的想像我的工作
09:30
(Video視頻) Bob短發 MankoffMankoff: "Oooh, no.
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歐.. 不
09:33
EhhhEhhh.
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09:36
Oooh. Hmm. Too funny滑稽.
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歐, 恩, 太過好笑
09:45
Normally一般 I would but I'm in a pissypissy mood心情.
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通常我會讓他過, 但是我現在心情不好
09:49
I'll enjoy請享用 it on my own擁有. Perhaps也許.
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這, 或許我留著自己享用
09:52
No. Nah. No.
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不, 不, 不
09:55
Overdrawn透支. UnderdrawnUnderdrawn.
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畫太多, 畫太少
09:58
Drawn just right, still not funny滑稽 enough足夠.
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畫得剛剛好, 但是不夠好笑
10:01
No. No.
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不, 不
我的天, 一千個不 !
10:04
For God's sake清酒 no, a thousand times no.
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10:08
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
10:11
No. No. No. No. No. [Four hours小時 later後來]
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不不. (四個小時以後)
10:17
Hey, that's good, yeah, whatcha幹麻 got there?
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嘿.. 太好了, 你那有什麼?
10:21
Office辦公室 worker工人: Got a ham火腿 and swiss瑞士人 on rye黑麥?BMBM: No.
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火腿起司裸麥麵包? 不要
10:23
Office辦公室 worker工人: Okay. Pastrami熏牛肉 on sourdough拓荒者?BMBM: No.
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醃燻牛肉發酵麵包? 不
10:26
Office辦公室 worker工人: Smoked熏制 turkey火雞 with bacon培根?BMBM: No.
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煙燻火雞培根? 不
10:28
Office辦公室 worker工人: Falafel沙拉三明治?BMBM: Let me look at it.
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沙拉三明治? 讓我看看
10:30
Eh, no.
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呃, 不要
10:31
Office辦公室 worker工人: Grilled cheese起司?BMBM: No.
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烤起司? 不要
10:33
Office辦公室 worker工人: BLTBLT?BMBM: No.
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BLT? 不要 (按:BLT 是培根生菜番茄三明治)
10:34
Office辦公室 worker工人: Black黑色 forest森林 ham火腿 and mozzarella奶酪 with apple蘋果 mustard芥末?BMBM: No.
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黑森林火腿和白乾酪配蘋果芥茉? 不要
10:36
Office辦公室 worker工人: Green綠色 bean salad沙拉?BMBM: No.
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綠豆沙拉? 不要
10:39
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
不, 不
10:41
No. No.
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10:43
Definitely無疑 no. [Several一些 hours小時 after lunch午餐]
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肯定不 (午餐後幾個小時)
10:46
(Siren警笛)
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(警笛聲)
11:08
No. Get out of here.
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不要, 給我滾
11:11
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
這就是將我的工作誇大之後的樣子
11:12
That's sort分類 of an exaggeration誇張 of what I do.
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11:16
Now, we do reject拒絕, many許多, many許多, many許多 cartoons卡通,
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我們拒絕很多很漫畫
11:19
so many許多 that there are many許多 books圖書 called "The Rejection拒絕 Collection採集."
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多到市面上有好幾本書叫做 : 退件漫畫大全集
11:22
"The Rejection拒絕 Collection採集" is not quite相當 New Yorker紐約客 kind of humor幽默.
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《退件漫畫大全集》不是紐約客式的幽默
11:26
And you might威力 notice注意 the bum屁股 on the sidewalk人行道 here
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你可以看到路邊喝醉的流浪漢和他的腹語人偶在嘔吐
11:29
who is boozing豪飲 and his ventriloquist口技 dummy is puking嘔吐.
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11:33
See, that's probably大概 not going to be New Yorker紐約客 humor幽默.
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這不會是紐約客的幽默
11:35
It's actually其實 put together一起 by Matt馬特 DiffeeDiffee, one of our cartoonists漫畫家.
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其實這是我們其中一位漫畫家 Matt Diffee 的作品
11:38
So I'll give you some examples例子 of rejection拒絕 collection採集 humor幽默.
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我來舉一些《退件漫畫大全》裡的例子
”我考慮來生個小孩”
11:43
"I'm thinking思維 about having a child兒童."
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11:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
11:51
There you have an interesting有趣 -- the guilty有罪 laugh,
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瞧, 你們這是有趣的內疚笑聲
11:55
the laugh against反對 your better judgment判斷.
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跟你們良好判斷力作對的笑聲
11:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
12:01
"Ass-head驢頭. Please help."
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”屁頭, 幫幫我" (按:說自己是屁頭 但暗指對方屁頭)
(笑聲)
12:04
(Laughter笑聲)
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12:06
Now, in fact事實, within a context上下文 of this book,
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事實上, 在這本書的脈絡中
12:10
which哪一個 says, "Cartoons卡通 you never saw and never will see
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”這裡都是不曾也不會在紐約客上看到的漫畫”
12:13
in The New Yorker紐約客," this humor幽默 is perfect完善.
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這些幽默是完美的
12:16
I'm going to explain說明 why.
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讓我解釋一下
12:17
There's a concept概念 about humor幽默 about it being存在
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幽默有一個概念是善意的作對
12:19
a benign良性 violation違反.
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12:21
In other words, for something to be funny滑稽, we've我們已經 got to think
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換句話說, 關於一個好笑的幽默
12:23
it's both wrong錯誤 and also okay at the same相同 time.
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我們可以認定同時是錯誤和正確的
12:27
If we think it's completely全然 wrong錯誤, we say, "That's not funny滑稽."
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如果我們認為是全盤錯誤的, 就不好笑了
12:30
And if it's completely全然 okay, what's the joke玩笑? Okay?
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如果完全正確, 就不會是笑話了, 是吧
12:34
And so, this benign良性, that's true真正 of "No, Thursday's星期四 out. How about never — is never good for you?"
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所以在 "不, 星期四不行. '絕不' 如何... '絕不' 你可以嗎?" 的善意中
12:39
It's rude無禮. The world世界 really shouldn't不能 be that way.
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它是無禮的, 現實世界不會是這樣的
12:41
Within that context上下文, we feel it's okay.
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在這脈絡下, 我們覺得這是可以接受的
12:44
So within this context上下文, "AssheadAsshead. Please help"
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但在 ”屁頭, 幫幫我"
12:47
is a benign良性 violation違反.
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這是善意的作對
12:49
Within the context上下文 of The New Yorker紐約客 magazine雜誌 ...
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在紐約客雜誌內文中
12:54
"T-CellT細胞 Army軍隊: Can the body's身體的 immune免疫的 response響應
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”T細胞軍隊: 身體免疫反應能幫忙治療癌症?”
12:57
help treat對待 cancer癌症?" Oh, goodness善良.
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天吶
13:01
You're reading about this smart聰明 stuff東東,
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你正在讀這篇有水準的文章
13:05
this intelligent智能 dissection解剖 of the immune免疫的 system系統.
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一篇關於免疫的詳細文章
13:09
You glance一瞥 over at this, and it says,
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結果一眼就瞧到
13:13
"AssheadAsshead. Please help"? God.
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”屁頭, 幫幫我" 天吶!
13:18
So there the violation違反 is malign誹謗. It doesn't work.
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所以這樣算是惡性的作對, 不被接受的
13:22
There is no such這樣 thing as funny滑稽 in and of itself本身.
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這樣的內容並不有趣
每一樣都必須被含在文章脈絡和我們的期待中
13:25
Everything will be within the context上下文 and our expectations期望.
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13:29
One way to look at it is this.
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我們可以用這一種方式來解讀它
13:33
It's sort分類 of called a meta-motivational元動機 theory理論 about how we look,
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被稱之為 後發動機理論
13:37
a theory理論 about motivation動機 and the mood心情 we're in
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這是關於我們的動機和情境的關係
13:39
and how the mood心情 we're in determines確定 the things we like
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我們的心情如何決定我們喜歡或討厭
13:42
or dislike反感.
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13:44
When we're in a playful調皮 mood心情, we want excitement激動.
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當我們在玩樂的狀態下, 我們渴望興奮
13:48
We want high arousal覺醒. We feel excited興奮 then.
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我們想要激起慾望, 感到刺激
13:51
If we're in a purposeful有目的的 mood心情, that makes品牌 us anxious.
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當我們在有目的性的情景下, 這讓我們興奮
13:54
"The Rejection拒絕 Collection採集" is absolutely絕對 in this field領域.
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"退件漫畫大全集" 屬於這一類
13:59
You want to be stimulated刺激. You want to be aroused引起.
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你想要被刺激, 被激起欲望
14:02
You want to be transgressed.
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想要逾越規則
14:06
It's like this, like an amusement娛樂 park公園.
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這樣就是去遊樂園
14:11
Voice語音: Here we go. (Screams尖叫)
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[影片] 衝吧 (尖叫)
14:20
He laughs. He is both in danger危險 and safe安全,
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他笑了, 他在即危險又安全的狀態
14:24
incredibly令人難以置信 aroused引起. There's no joke玩笑. No joke玩笑 needed需要.
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極度的刺激, 這不是在開玩笑, 不需要任何幽默
14:27
If you arouse引起 people enough足夠 and get them stimulated刺激 enough足夠,
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如果你給人們足夠的刺激
14:30
they will laugh at very, very little.
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他們就會幾乎笑不出來
14:32
This is another另一個 cartoon動畫片 from "The Rejection拒絕 Collection採集."
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這是在"退件漫畫大全集"中的另一則漫畫
14:35
"Too snug舒適?"
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”太合身了嗎?”
14:39
That's a cartoon動畫片 about terrorism恐怖主義.
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這是關於恐怖份子的漫畫
14:41
The New Yorker紐約客 occupies佔據 a very different不同 space空間.
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紐約客雜誌是位在一個完全不同的地方
14:45
It's a space空間 that is playful調皮 in its own擁有 way, and also purposeful有目的的,
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在這裡是可以嘻笑也可以嚴肅的
14:48
and in that space空間, the cartoons卡通 are different不同.
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在這裡, 漫畫可以很不一樣
14:52
Now I'm going to show顯示 you cartoons卡通 The New Yorker紐約客 did
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我接下來給各位看看紐約客在 9/11 之後做的漫畫
14:54
right after 9/11, a very, very sensitive敏感 area when humor幽默 could be used.
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這是非常敏感性的議題
14:59
How would The New Yorker紐約客 attack攻擊 it?
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紐約客是如何在這上面發揮的?
15:00
It would not be with a guy with a bomb炸彈 saying, "Too snug舒適?"
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絕不會是一個綁著炸彈的老兄說 ”太合身了嗎?”
15:05
Or there was another另一個 cartoon動畫片 I didn't show顯示 because
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或是另一個我沒有拿出來用的漫畫
15:07
actually其實 I thought maybe people would be offended生氣.
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因為我覺得會冒犯到某些人
15:11
The great Sam山姆 Gross cartoon動畫片, this happened發生
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Sam Gross 的漫畫
15:15
after the Muhammad穆罕默德 controversy爭議 where it's Muhammad穆罕默德 in heaven天堂,
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穆罕莫德在天堂上
15:19
the suicide自殺 bomber轟炸機 is all in little pieces,
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見到被炸的粉碎的炸彈自殺客
15:21
and he's saying to the suicide自殺 bomber轟炸機,
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他對那位炸彈客說
15:24
"You'll你會 get the virgins處女 when we find your penis陰莖."
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”當我們找到你的雞雞就會給你應得的處女”
15:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
15:31
Better left undrawn未提取.
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這個最好是沒被畫出來才是
15:34
The first week we did no cartoons卡通.
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第一週我們沒有刊登漫畫
15:37
That was a black黑色 hole for humor幽默, and correctly正確地 so.
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那時有個幽默的黑洞, 所以這是沒問題的
15:40
It's not always appropriate適當 every一切 time.
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這不是總能被接受的
15:43
But the next下一個 week, this was the first cartoon動畫片.
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但下一週, 刊登了第一個漫畫
15:46
"I thought I'd never laugh again. Then I saw your jacket夾克."
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”我以為我不會再笑了, 直到看到你的外套”
15:51
It basically基本上 was about, if we were alive,
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基本上這說明, 如果我們活著
15:54
we were going to laugh. We were going to breathe呼吸.
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我們就要笑, 要呼吸, 要存在著
15:56
We were going to exist存在. Here's這裡的 another另一個 one.
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這是另一則漫畫
15:58
"I figure數字 if I don't have that third第三 martini馬蒂尼雞尾酒, then the terrorists恐怖分子 win贏得."
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”我覺得如果我不喝第三杯馬丁尼, 恐怖份子就贏了”
16:03
These cartoons卡通 are not about them. They're about us.
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這些漫畫不是在講他們, 是在講我們
16:07
The humor幽默 reflects反映 back on us.
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幽默投射到我們自己身上
16:09
The easiest最簡單的 thing to do with humor幽默, and it's perfectly完美 legitimate合法,
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最簡單的幽默, 且政治正確的方式
16:13
is a friend朋友 makes品牌 fun開玩笑 of an enemy敵人.
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是朋友取笑敵人
16:17
It's called dispositional氣質 humor幽默.
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這是意向幽默
16:19
It's 95 percent百分 of the humor幽默. It's not our humor幽默.
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95%的幽默是這一種的, 但我們的不是
16:22
Here's這裡的 another另一個 cartoon動畫片.
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這是另一則漫畫
16:25
"I wouldn't不會 mind心神 living活的 in a fundamentalist原教旨主義 Islamic清真 state."
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”我不介意住在基本教義派穆斯林國家”
16:28
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
16:37
Humor幽默 does need a target目標.
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幽默需要一個對象
16:42
But interestingly有趣, in The New Yorker紐約客, the target目標 is us.
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但有趣的是, 在紐約客, 對象是我們自己
16:46
The target目標 is the readership讀者 and the people who do it.
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對象就是讀者和閱讀者
16:48
The humor幽默 is self-reflective自反射
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幽默是自我反省
16:51
and makes品牌 us think about our assumptions假設.
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讓我們思考理所當然的事情
16:53
Look at this cartoon動畫片 by Roz羅茲 ChastChast, the guy reading the obituary訃告.
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看看Roz Chast的這幅漫話,他正在看訃告
16:57
"Two years年份 younger更年輕 than you, 12 years年份 older舊的 than you,
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比你年輕兩歲,比你年長十二歲,
17:00
three years年份 your junior初級, your age年齡 on the dot,
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早你三年,與你同歲
17:03
exactly究竟 your age年齡."
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正值同齡
17:05
That is a deeply profound深刻 cartoon動畫片.
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這是寓意很深的漫畫
17:09
And so The New Yorker紐約客 is also trying to, in some way,
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同時,紐約客也在嘗試著從某些途徑,
17:13
make cartoons卡通 say something besides除了 funny滑稽
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讓漫畫不僅有趣
17:17
and something about us. Here's這裡的 another另一個 one.
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更關於我們自身。這是另外一個例子。
17:19
"I started開始 my vegetarianism素食主義 for health健康 reasons原因,
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“我因為健康原因開始吃素,
17:21
Then it became成為 a moral道德 choice選擇, and now it's just to annoy攪擾 people."
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然後它變成道德選擇,現在只是為了騷擾他人。”
17:25
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
17:30
"Excuse藉口 me — I think there's something wrong錯誤 with this
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“打擾一下,我想這有點問題
17:33
in a tiny way that no one other than me would ever be able能夠 to pinpoint查明."
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至少沒有人同我一樣精準”
17:39
So it focuses重點 on our obsessions走火入魔, our narcissism自戀狂,
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它關注了我們的執著與自戀
17:43
our foils and our foibles弱點, really not someone有人 else's別人的.
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我們的固執與缺點,不是別人的
17:47
The New Yorker紐約客 demands需要
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紐約客雜誌需要
17:50
some cognitive認知 work on your part部分,
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你們在認知上的努力
17:53
and what it demands需要 is what Arthur亞瑟 Koestler凱斯特勒,
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正是Arthur Koestler在書中
17:55
who wrote "The Act法案 of Creation創建" about the relationship關係
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《創造的藝術》中寫到的
幽默,藝術和科學的關係
17:58
between之間 humor幽默, art藝術 and science科學,
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18:01
is what's called bisociationbisociation.
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被稱作「雙向聯想」(bisociation)
18:03
You have to bring帶來 together一起 ideas思路 from different不同 frames of reference參考,
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你必須把各個不同框架中的知識整合起來
18:06
and you have to do it quickly很快 to understand理解 the cartoon動畫片.
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而且必須要足夠快到讓妳理解漫畫
18:09
If the different不同 frames of reference參考 don't come together一起
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如果這個各領域的整合過程
18:12
in about .5 seconds, it's not funny滑稽,
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不在大約0.5秒內,那它就不會有趣,
18:14
but I think they will for you here.
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我想這些都達到要求了
18:16
Different不同 frames of reference參考.
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各個不同框架的認知
18:18
"You slept with her, didn't you?"
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你跟他同床了,是不?
18:21
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
18:26
"Lassie戀人! Get help!!"
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萊斯!去找人幫忙!
18:28
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
18:32
It's called French法國 Army軍隊 Knife.
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法國小刀
18:35
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
18:42
And this is Einstein愛因斯坦 in bed. "To you it was fast快速."
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愛因斯坦在床上,“對你它很快”。
18:44
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
18:51
Now there are some cartoons卡通 that are puzzling令人費解.
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有些漫畫比較費解
18:55
Like, this cartoon動畫片 would puzzle難題 many許多 people.
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就像這個漫畫會難倒很多人
18:59
How many許多 people know what this cartoon動畫片 means手段?
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有多少人懂得這個漫畫的梗?
19:03
The dog is signaling發信號 he wants to go for a walk步行.
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這只狗在暗示牠想要遛遛
19:07
This is the signal信號 for a catcher捕手 to walk步行 the dog.
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這是捕手打該遛狗的暗號
19:13
That's why we run a feature特徵 in the cartoon動畫片 issue問題 every一切 year
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這就是為甚麼我們每年在紐約客上
19:16
called "I Don't Get It: The New Yorker紐約客 Cartoon動畫片 I.Q. Test測試."
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開設專欄「我看不懂:紐約客漫畫智力測驗」
19:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
19:21
The other thing The New Yorker紐約客 plays播放 around with
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另外, 紐約客操作的是
19:23
is incongruity不協調, and incongruity不協調, I've shown顯示 you,
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不協調, 和不協調
我已經說過它是幽默一個基本的來源
19:25
is sort分類 of the basis基礎 of humor幽默.
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19:27
Something that's completely全然 normal正常 or logical合乎邏輯 isn't going to be funny滑稽.
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很正常或有邏輯的事情不會有趣
19:30
But the way incongruity不協調 works作品 is, observational觀察 humor幽默
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不協調發揮作用的地方是, 日常幽默
19:34
is humor幽默 within the realm領域 of reality現實.
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是現實範圍內的幽默
19:37
"My boss老闆 is always telling告訴 me what to do." Okay?
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“我的老闆總是告訴我該做什麼”
是吧
19:42
That could happen發生. It's humor幽默 within the realm領域 of reality現實.
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那可能會發生, 那就是現實範圍內的幽默
19:45
Here, cowboy牛仔 to a cow:
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這裡是牛仔對牛說:
19:47
"Very impressive有聲有色. I'd like to find 5,000 more like you."
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“非常好! 我希望在找到5000個像你這樣的牛”
19:52
We understand理解 that. It's absurd荒誕. But we're putting the two together一起.
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我們都明白這, 雖然奇怪些, 我們將它倆歸為一類
19:55
Here, in the nonsense廢話 range範圍:
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這裡是荒誕範圍:
19:59
"Damn該死的 it, Hopkins霍普金斯, didn't you get yesterday's昨天的 memo備忘錄?"
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”該死, 霍普金斯, 你沒看到昨天的備忘錄嗎?”
20:04
Now that's a little puzzling令人費解, right? It doesn't quite相當 come together一起.
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它有點讓人迷惑, 不是嗎? 幽默沒有很快浮現
20:08
In general一般, people who enjoy請享用 more nonsense廢話,
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總體上, 喜歡荒誕的人
20:11
enjoy請享用 more abstract抽象 art藝術,
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會喜歡抽象的藝術
20:13
they tend趨向 to be liberal自由主義的, less conservative保守, that type類型 of stuff東東.
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他們傾向自由主義, 比較不保守, 或者類似的
20:16
But for us, and for me, helping幫助 design設計 the humor幽默,
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但是對於我們, 對於我, 幫助設計這些幽默
20:20
it doesn't make any sense to compare比較 one to the other.
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並沒有必要去比較它們
20:22
It's sort分類 of a smorgasbord自助餐 that's made製作 all interesting有趣.
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這就像是一個大雜燴, 讓所有事情變得有趣.
20:27
So I want to sum all this up with a caption標題 to a cartoon動畫片,
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因此, 我要利用一個漫畫的文句來做個總結
20:31
and I think this sums總和 up the whole整個 thing, really,
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我認為這可以將所有關於紐約客的漫畫
20:34
about The New Yorker紐約客 cartoons卡通.
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彙總起來
20:36
"It sort分類 of makes品牌 you stop and think, doesn't it."
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"這真的可以讓你停下來思考, 對吧?"
20:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
20:43
And now, when you look at New Yorker紐約客 cartoons卡通,
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從現在起, 當你在看紐約客的漫畫時
20:45
I'd like you to stop and think a little bit more about them.
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希望你們可以停下來多思考一下其背後的意涵
20:47
Thank you.
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謝謝
20:48
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
20:52
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
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Translated by E Fan
Reviewed by Wen-Hsin (Willy) Feng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bob Mankoff - Cartoon editor
Bob Mankoff is the cartoon editor of The New Yorker, as well as an accomplished cartoonist in his own right.

Why you should listen

Bob Mankoff has been the cartoon editor of The New Yorker since 1997. But his association with the magazine started many years before that, when he began submitting his own cartoons to the title in 1974. 2,000 rejections later, his first "idea drawing" was finally accepted and published, and in 1980, he accepted a contract to contribute cartoons on a regular basis. Since then, more than 800 of his cartoons have been published in the magazine.

These days, Mankoff is mainly responsible for helping to select from the 1000 cartoons the magazine receives each week, in order to select the "16 or 17" he says will actually make it into print.

Mankoff is also the author or editor of a number of books on cartoons and creativity, including The Naked Cartoonist: A New Way to Enhance Your Creativity, and The Complete Cartoons of The New Yorker, published in 2004 and which featured every cartoon published to that point since the magazine's debut in 1925.

 

More profile about the speaker
Bob Mankoff | Speaker | TED.com

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