TEDxIndianapolis
John Green: The nerd's guide to learning everything online
约翰．格林: 用網路學習每件事：一個「怪咖」的建議
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
4,296,457 views
有些人的學業成績很好，也有些人......嗯，成績不太好。但是我們仍然喜歡學習、喜歡發現新事物、喜歡挑戰我們的智力。我們需要的只是 -- 發現適合的學習環境，加入適合的學習社群。在這場精彩的演說中，主講者约翰．格林分享了他運用網路影片，學習到的各種知識。
John Green - Writer
The author of "The Fault in Our Stars" and "Paper Towns," John Green is a passionate online video maker. Full bio
The author of "The Fault in Our Stars" and "Paper Towns," John Green is a passionate online video maker. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a map of New York State
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這是一張紐約州的地圖，
是由通用製圖公司在 1937 年繪製的。
00:15
that was made in 1937
by the General Drafting Company.
by the General Drafting Company.
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這張地圖享譽製圖界，
00:18
It's an extremely famous map
among cartography nerds,
among cartography nerds,
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因為在卡茲奇山的盡頭，
00:22
because down here at the bottom
of the Catskill Mountains,
of the Catskill Mountains,
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有一個叫羅斯科的小鎮。
00:24
there is a little town called Roscoe --
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我把地圖投影出來
會看得比較清楚。
會看得比較清楚。
00:26
actually, this will go easier
if I just put it up here --
if I just put it up here --
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那是羅斯科，
上方是紐約州的羅克蘭縣，
上方是紐約州的羅克蘭縣，
00:29
There's Roscoe, and then right
above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,
above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,
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在它的北方有一個名為
阿格羅的小鎮。
阿格羅的小鎮。
00:33
and then right above that
is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.
is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.
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製圖師們都知道這個地方，
00:36
Agloe, New York, is very famous
to cartographers,
to cartographers,
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00:39
because it's a paper town.
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因為它是一個紙上的小鎮，
它也是一個版權陷阱。
00:42
It's also known as a copyright trap.
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00:44
Mapmakers -- because my map of New York
and your map of New York
and your map of New York
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每位製圖師 --
不管是誰所畫的紐約地圖，
不管是誰所畫的紐約地圖，
它們看起來都很類似，
因為都是根據紐約州的外形來畫的。
因為都是根據紐約州的外形來畫的。
00:47
are going to look very similar,
on account of the shape of New York --
on account of the shape of New York --
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繪圖師們經常會在
他們畫的地圖裡加入假的地點，
他們畫的地圖裡加入假的地點，
00:51
often, mapmakers will insert
fake places onto their maps,
fake places onto their maps,
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目的是為了保護地圖的版權。
00:56
in order to protect their copyright.
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00:58
Because then, if my fake place
shows up on your map,
shows up on your map,
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因為如果我所畫的假地點，
出現在你的地圖裡面，
出現在你的地圖裡面，
01:01
I can be well and truly sure
that you have robbed me.
that you have robbed me.
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我就可以確定
是你抄襲了我的地圖。
是你抄襲了我的地圖。
阿格羅 (Agloe) 這個字，是由兩位製圖師
姓名的開頭字母組合而成的：
姓名的開頭字母組合而成的：
01:04
Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials
of the two guys who made this map,
of the two guys who made this map,
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Ernest Alpers 和 Otto [G.] Lindberg.
01:09
Ernest Alpers and Otto [G.] Lindberg,
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他們在 1937 年出版了這張地圖。
01:12
and they released this map in 1937.
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數十年後，Rand McNally 公司
出版了一份地圖，
出版了一份地圖，
01:15
Decades later, Rand McNally releases a map
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在地圖上相同的地方，
標有阿格羅這個小鎮，
標有阿格羅這個小鎮，
01:19
with Agloe, New York, on it,
at the same exact intersection
at the same exact intersection
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而實際上，
這裡只有兩條泥土路交叉。
這裡只有兩條泥土路交叉。
01:23
of two dirt roads
in the middle of nowhere.
in the middle of nowhere.
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01:26
Well, you can imagine the delight
over at General Drafting.
over at General Drafting.
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你可以想像得到，
當時通用繪圖公司有多麼高興。
當時通用繪圖公司有多麼高興。
他們立即打電話給
Rand McNally 公司，告訴他們：
Rand McNally 公司，告訴他們：
01:29
They immediately call
Rand McNally, and they say,
Rand McNally, and they say,
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我們終於逮到你啦！
紐約州的阿格羅鎮是我們捏造的！
紐約州的阿格羅鎮是我們捏造的！
01:32
"We've caught you!
We made Agloe, New York, up.
We made Agloe, New York, up.
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那是一個虛構的地方，
是一個紙上的小鎮。
是一個紙上的小鎮。
01:36
It is a fake place. It's a paper town.
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我們要告倒你！
01:38
We're going to sue your pants off!"
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01:41
And Rand McNally says,
"No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."
"No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."
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Rand McNally 公司說：
「不不不，阿格羅的確是存在的。」
「不不不，阿格羅的確是存在的。」
01:46
Because people kept going
to that intersection of two dirt roads --
to that intersection of two dirt roads --
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因為一直都有人
路過這兩條路的交會處，
路過這兩條路的交會處，
（笑聲）
01:51
(Laughter)
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原本那裡什麼也沒有，
但是人們希望有個叫做阿格羅的地方，
但是人們希望有個叫做阿格羅的地方，
01:52
in the middle of nowhere, expecting
there to be a place called Agloe --
there to be a place called Agloe --
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於是，真的有人在那裏
建了一個阿格羅鎮，
建了一個阿格羅鎮，
01:56
someone built a place
called Agloe, New York.
called Agloe, New York.
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（笑聲）
02:00
(Laughter)
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那裏有一個加油站、一間小店，
以及山頂的兩間小屋。
以及山頂的兩間小屋。
02:01
It had a gas station, a general store,
two houses at its peak.
two houses at its peak.
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02:04
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:07
And this is of course a completely
irresistible metaphor to a novelist,
irresistible metaphor to a novelist,
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這肯定是小說家最喜愛的題材，
因為我們相信，
在紙上所描寫的事物，
在紙上所描寫的事物，
02:12
because we would all like to believe
that the stuff that we write down on paper
that the stuff that we write down on paper
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會改變我們現實生活的世界。
02:16
can change the actual world
in which we're actually living,
in which we're actually living,
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這也是為甚麼，我寫的第三本書
會取名為《紙上的城市》。
會取名為《紙上的城市》。
02:19
which is why my third book
is called "Paper Towns".
is called "Paper Towns".
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02:22
But what interests me ultimately more
than the medium in which this happened,
than the medium in which this happened,
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但是比這件事情的發生經過，
更讓我感興趣的，
更讓我感興趣的，
是這個現象本身。
02:26
is the phenomenon itself.
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02:29
It's easy enough to say that the world
shapes our maps of the world, right?
shapes our maps of the world, right?
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簡單來說：真實的世界造就了
地圖中的世界，難道不是嗎？
地圖中的世界，難道不是嗎？
就像是真實世界的樣貌，
明顯地影響著我們所畫的地圖。
明顯地影響著我們所畫的地圖。
02:33
Like the overall shape of the world
is obviously going to affect our maps.
is obviously going to affect our maps.
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02:38
But what I find a lot more
interesting is the way
interesting is the way
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但是我發現，更有趣的是：
我們繪製地圖的方式，
也會改變我們的世界。
也會改變我們的世界。
02:42
that the manner in which we map
the world changes the world.
the world changes the world.
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02:46
Because the world would truly be
a different place if North were down.
a different place if North were down.
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如果北極是朝下方的話，
世界將會變得完全不同。
世界將會變得完全不同。
02:50
And the world would be
a truly different place
a truly different place
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如果阿拉斯加州和俄羅斯，
不是放在地圖的左右兩側，
不是放在地圖的左右兩側，
02:52
if Alaska and Russia weren't
on opposite sides of the map.
on opposite sides of the map.
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世界將會變得完全不同。
02:56
And the world would be a different place
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如果把歐洲以實際的比例大小
放在地圖當中，
放在地圖當中，
02:57
if we projected Europe
to show it in its actual size.
to show it in its actual size.
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世界也會變得完全不同。
03:02
The world is changed
by our maps of the world.
by our maps of the world.
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地圖裡的世界
能改變真實的世界，
能改變真實的世界，
03:06
The way that we choose -- sort of,
our personal cartographic enterprise,
our personal cartographic enterprise,
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我們 -- 或者應該說我們製圖界，
所採用的製圖原則，
所採用的製圖原則，
形塑了我們的地圖，
03:11
also shapes the map of our lives,
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進而也形塑了我們的生活。
03:14
and that in turn shapes our lives.
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03:16
I believe that what we map
changes the life we lead.
changes the life we lead.
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我相信，我們所繪製的地圖
能改變我們的生活，
能改變我們的生活，
我的意思，並不是像歐普拉的「天使網路基金」，
[註：美國知名節目主持人]
[註：美國知名節目主持人]
03:20
And I don't mean that in some, like,
secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,
secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,
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或者是像「只要你願意，
你就可以遠離癌症」那種感覺。
你就可以遠離癌症」那種感覺。
03:25
you-can-think-your-way-
out-of-cancer sense.
out-of-cancer sense.
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03:28
But I do believe that while maps don't
show you where you will go in your life,
show you where you will go in your life,
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但我相信，雖然地圖不能告訴你，
你將會去什麼地方；
你將會去什麼地方；
但是它能告訴你，
你可以去哪些地方。
你可以去哪些地方。
03:34
they show you where you might go.
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03:36
You very rarely go to a place
that isn't on your personal map.
that isn't on your personal map.
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你很少會去一個
你個人地圖上不存在的地方。
你個人地圖上不存在的地方。
03:42
So I was a really terrible student
when I was a kid.
when I was a kid.
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我小的時候，
是一個很糟糕的學生，
是一個很糟糕的學生，
我過去的GPA
一直都只有2點多。
一直都只有2點多。
03:45
My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.
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03:48
And I think the reason that I was
such a terrible student
such a terrible student
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我認為，我的成績這麼糟糕的原因，
是因為我把教育視為
03:51
is that I felt like education
was just a series of hurdles
was just a series of hurdles
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阻擋在我面前的柵欄，
03:54
that had been erected before me,
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我必須跨過這些柵欄，
才能長大成人。
才能長大成人。
03:56
and I had to jump over
in order to achieve adulthood.
in order to achieve adulthood.
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但是我並不想要
跨過這些柵欄，
跨過這些柵欄，
04:00
And I didn't really want
to jump over these hurdles,
to jump over these hurdles,
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因為大人們似乎都很專制獨斷，
所以我很抗拒，
所以我很抗拒，
04:03
because they seemed completely
arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,
arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,
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然後大人們就會嚇唬我，
04:05
and then people would
threaten me, you know,
threaten me, you know,
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他們嚇唬我說：
“你一直沒有進步”
“你一直沒有進步”
04:08
they'd threaten me with this
"going on [my] permanent record,"
"going on [my] permanent record,"
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或者是
“你永遠都找不到好工作”。
“你永遠都找不到好工作”。
04:11
or "You'll never get a good job."
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04:13
I didn't want a good job!
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我根本就不想要好工作！
04:15
As far as I could tell at eleven
or twelve years old,
or twelve years old,
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在我11、12歲的時候就明白，
04:17
like, people with good jobs woke up
very early in the morning,
very early in the morning,
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那些有好工作的人，
每天都得很早起床。
每天都得很早起床。
04:20
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:23
and the men who had good jobs,
one of the first things they did
one of the first things they did
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而且有好工作的人，
每天做的第一件事，
每天做的第一件事，
就是在脖子繫上一個
令人窒息的東西。
令人窒息的東西。
04:27
was tie a strangulation item
of clothing around their necks.
of clothing around their necks.
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04:32
They literally put nooses on themselves,
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他們不斷地將這種束縛
套在自己身上，
套在自己身上，
04:34
and then they went off to their jobs,
whatever they were.
whatever they were.
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然後他們就出門去工作，
無論他們想不想要這樣。
無論他們想不想要這樣。
04:37
That's not a recipe for a happy life.
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那根本就不是快樂的人生。
04:40
These people -- in my, symbol-obsessed,
twelve year-old imagination --
twelve year-old imagination --
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在我十二歲時所觀察到的，
我想像這些人 --
我想像這些人 --
這些不斷折磨自己的人，
04:44
these people who are strangling themselves
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他們每天早上的第一件事
就是折磨自己，
就是折磨自己，
04:46
as one of the first things
they do each morning,
they do each morning,
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他們肯定不會快樂。
04:49
they can't possibly be happy.
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我怎麼可能
想要跨越這些柵欄，
想要跨越這些柵欄，
04:50
Why would I want to jump
over all of these hurdles
over all of these hurdles
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04:53
and have that be the end?
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然後過這種生活呢？
那真是可怕的人生！
04:55
That's a terrible end!
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04:57
And then, when I was in tenth grade,
I went to this school,
I went to this school,
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然後，我在十年級的時候
進了一所學校 —
進了一所學校 —
印第安泉中學，
這是一所小型的寄宿學校，
這是一所小型的寄宿學校，
05:00
Indian Springs School,
a small boarding school,
a small boarding school,
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位於阿拉巴馬州，
伯明罕的郊外。
伯明罕的郊外。
05:03
outside of Birmingham, Alabama.
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然後我成為了一個學習者，
05:05
And all at once I became a learner.
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因為我發現，我身處在一個
05:09
And I became a learner,
because I found myself
because I found myself
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05:11
in a community of learners.
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由學習者組成的社群中。
05:13
I found myself surrounded by people
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我發現我周圍的人，
信仰理智主義，
並且深信不疑，
並且深信不疑，
05:15
who celebrated intellectualism
and engagement,
and engagement,
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他們認為我當時的
「看起來很酷」的出世觀點，
「看起來很酷」的出世觀點，
05:18
and who thought that my ironic
oh-so-cool disengagement
oh-so-cool disengagement
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其實並不聰明，
甚至是可笑，
甚至是可笑，
05:22
wasn't clever, or funny,
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05:24
but, like, it was a simple
and unspectacular response
and unspectacular response
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就像是用一個簡單、
普通的答案，
普通的答案，
來回答一個複雜、
迫切的問題。
迫切的問題。
05:28
to very complicated
and compelling problems.
and compelling problems.
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05:30
And so I started to learn,
because learning was cool.
because learning was cool.
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所以我開始學習，
因為我覺得學習很棒，
因為我覺得學習很棒，
我學到了 -- 某些無窮集合，
比另外一些無窮集合更大。
比另外一些無窮集合更大。
05:33
I learned that some infinite sets
are bigger than other infinite sets,
are bigger than other infinite sets,
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我還學到了「抑揚格五音步」為何如此動聽。
[註：一種英國詩詞的格律]
[註：一種英國詩詞的格律]
05:36
and I learned that iambic pentameter is
and why it sounds so good to human ears.
and why it sounds so good to human ears.
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我學到了，南北戰爭是源自於
「國有化」觀念的衝突，
「國有化」觀念的衝突，
05:40
I learned that the Civil War
was a nationalizing conflict,
was a nationalizing conflict,
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我學到了一些物理知識，
05:44
I learned some physics,
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05:45
I learned that correlation shouldn't be
confused with causation --
confused with causation --
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我學到了「相關」
並不代表具有因果關係，
並不代表具有因果關係，
所有我學到的東西，
05:48
all of these things, by the way,
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豐富了我每天的生活。
05:50
enriched my life
on a literally daily basis.
on a literally daily basis.
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雖然這些知識，
大部分都沒有用在我的工作上，
大部分都沒有用在我的工作上，
05:54
And it's true that I don't use
most of them for my "job,"
most of them for my "job,"
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但學習對我的意義，
並不是為了工作。
並不是為了工作。
05:58
but that's not what it's about for me.
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它對我的意義，
就好比「繪製地圖」。
就好比「繪製地圖」。
06:00
It's about cartography.
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繪製地圖的步驟是什麼？
06:02
What is the process of cartography?
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你知道，首先要航行到
某些地方，然後想著：
某些地方，然後想著：
06:04
It's, you know, sailing
upon some land, and thinking,
upon some land, and thinking,
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「我想要畫出那片陸地！」
06:07
"I think I'll draw that bit of land,"
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然後又想著：
「也許還有更多的陸地等著我畫呢！」
「也許還有更多的陸地等著我畫呢！」
06:09
and then wondering, "Maybe there's
some more land to draw."
some more land to draw."
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當我開始學習的時候，
我就是這麼認為的。
我就是這麼認為的。
06:13
And that's when learning
really began for me.
really began for me.
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事實上，有一些老師
始終沒有放棄教育我，
始終沒有放棄教育我，
06:15
It's true that I had teachers
that didn't give up on me,
that didn't give up on me,
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我非常幸運，
能遇到這些老師，
能遇到這些老師，
06:18
and I was very fortunate
to have those teachers,
to have those teachers,
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因為我常常作出一些事，
想要讓他們找到理由放棄我。
想要讓他們找到理由放棄我。
06:20
because I often gave them cause to think
there was no reason to invest in me.
there was no reason to invest in me.
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06:25
But a lot of the learning
that I did in high school
that I did in high school
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但是我在高中時期，
大部分的學習
大部分的學習
其實並不是在教室裡進行的，
06:28
wasn't about what happened
inside the classroom,
inside the classroom,
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大部分的學習
是發生在教室之外的。
是發生在教室之外的。
06:31
it was about what happened
outside of the classroom.
outside of the classroom.
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例如，我可以隨口說出：
06:33
For instance, I can tell you
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06:35
that "There's a certain Slant of light,
Winter Afternoons --
Winter Afternoons --
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“那冬日午後的斜陽……”
“憂鬱就像大教堂中的沈重旋律..."
06:38
That oppresses, like the Heft
Of Cathedral Tunes --"
Of Cathedral Tunes --"
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這不是因為學校要求背誦埃米莉．狄更生的作品，
[註：19世紀時美國女詩人]
[註：19世紀時美國女詩人]
06:40
not because I memorized
Emily Dickinson in school
Emily Dickinson in school
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而是因為在我讀高中的時候，
認識了一個女孩，
認識了一個女孩，
06:43
when I was in high school,
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06:45
but because there was a girl
when I was in high school,
when I was in high school,
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她的名字叫阿曼達，
我很喜歡她，
我很喜歡她，
06:47
and her name was Amanda,
and I had a crush on her,
and I had a crush on her,
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而她很喜歡
06:50
and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.
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埃米莉．狄更生的詩。
06:52
The reason I can tell you
what opportunity cost is,
what opportunity cost is,
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我之所以會瞭解
「機會成本」的概念，
「機會成本」的概念，
是因為有一天，當我躺在沙發上玩
「瑪莉歐賽車」電玩遊戲時，
「瑪莉歐賽車」電玩遊戲時，
06:55
is because one day when I was playing
Super Mario Kart on my couch,
Super Mario Kart on my couch,
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我的朋友艾米特走進房間，然後問：
06:59
my friend Emmet walked in, and he said,
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「你玩瑪莉歐賽車玩了多久？」
07:01
"How long have you been playing
Super Mario Kart?"
Super Mario Kart?"
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我說：「我也不知道，
可能有六個小時了吧！」
可能有六個小時了吧！」
07:03
And I said, "I don't know,
like, six hours?" and he said,
like, six hours?" and he said,
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他說：「你知不知道，
如果你在 31冰淇淋工作六個小時，
如果你在 31冰淇淋工作六個小時，
07:06
"Do you realize that if you'd worked
at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,
at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,
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你就可以賺到 30 美元；
所以換句話說，
所以換句話說，
07:10
you could have made 30 dollars,
so in some ways,
so in some ways,
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你剛剛花了 30 美元
在玩瑪莉歐賽車。」
在玩瑪莉歐賽車。」
07:12
you just paid thirty dollars
to play Super Mario Kart."
to play Super Mario Kart."
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然後我毫不在乎地回答：
「我願意花這筆錢。」
「我願意花這筆錢。」
07:15
And I was, like, "I'll take that deal."
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（笑聲）
07:17
(Laughter)
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但是我也因此學到了
機會成本的概念。
機會成本的概念。
07:20
But I learned what opportunity cost is.
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07:25
And along the way, the map
of my life got better.
of my life got better.
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一路走來，
我的人生地圖愈來愈棒，
我的人生地圖愈來愈棒，
它變得更大了，
也包含了更多的地方。
也包含了更多的地方。
07:28
It got bigger; it contained more places.
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未來還有更多事情會發生，
07:31
There were more things that might happen,
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我也會有更多可能。
07:33
more futures I might have.
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07:36
It wasn't a formal, organized
learning process,
learning process,
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這不是一個制式的、
有組織的學習過程，
有組織的學習過程，
但是我很高興能經歷這個過程。
07:40
and I'm happy to admit that.
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我學到的東西也許很零散、互相矛盾，
甚至還有很多是我不知道的。
甚至還有很多是我不知道的。
07:41
It was spotty, it was inconsistent,
there was a lot I didn't know.
there was a lot I didn't know.
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例如我知道康托爾的集合論，
07:45
I might know, you know, Cantor's idea
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某些無窮集合，
比另一些無窮集合更大。
比另一些無窮集合更大。
07:47
that some infinite sets are larger
than other infinite sets,
than other infinite sets,
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但是我並不瞭解這個概念
背後的數學原理。
背後的數學原理。
07:50
but I didn't really understand
the calculus behind that idea.
the calculus behind that idea.
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我知道機會成本的概念，
07:53
I might know the idea of opportunity cost,
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2015
但是我並不知道
「報酬遞減法則」。
「報酬遞減法則」。
07:55
but I didn't know the law
of diminishing returns.
of diminishing returns.
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「學習」這件事，最棒的是什麼？
學習就好比繪製地圖，
學習就好比繪製地圖，
07:57
But the great thing about imagining
learning as cartography,
learning as cartography,
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學習不是一連串的障礙，
你必須要不斷地跨越它，
你必須要不斷地跨越它，
08:00
instead of imagining it
as arbitrary hurdles
as arbitrary hurdles
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拿「繪製地圖」作為比喻，
學習就像是 --
學習就像是 --
08:02
that you have to jump over,
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你看到了一段海岸線，
然後你想要看到更多。
然後你想要看到更多。
08:04
is that you see a bit of coastline,
and that makes you want to see more.
and that makes you want to see more.
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所以現在，我確實懂了一些微積分，
08:07
And so now I do know
at least some of the calculus
at least some of the calculus
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而這些微積分是另一些
更為高深知識的基礎。
更為高深知識的基礎。
08:10
that underlies all of that stuff.
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在高中的時候，
我參加了一個學習社群，
我參加了一個學習社群，
08:11
So, I had one learning community
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到了大學時期，
08:13
in high school, then I went
to another for college,
to another for college,
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我參加了另外一個社群，
08:16
and then I went to another,
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1300
後來，我在《書單》雜誌工作，
我又參加了一個學習社群，
我又參加了一個學習社群，
08:17
when I started working
at a magazine called "Booklist,"
at a magazine called "Booklist,"
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在那裡，我擔任一名助理，
身邊都是博學多聞的人。
身邊都是博學多聞的人。
08:20
where I was an assistant, surrounded
by astonishingly well-read people.
by astonishingly well-read people.
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08:23
And then I wrote a book.
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後來，我寫了一本書，
08:25
And like all authors dream of doing,
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然後就像所有作家
夢寐以求的那樣，
夢寐以求的那樣，
08:27
I promptly quit my job.
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我毫不猶豫地辭去了工作。
08:29
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
我剛進高中的時候，
08:30
And for the first time since high school,
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自己並未加入任何學習社群，
這是件很悲慘的事，
這是件很悲慘的事，
08:32
I found myself without a learning
community, and it was miserable.
community, and it was miserable.
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我討厭這種感覺。
08:37
I hated it.
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在這兩年期間，
我讀了很多很多書。
我讀了很多很多書。
08:38
I read many, many books
during this two-year period.
during this two-year period.
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我讀的書，
有關於史達林的，
有關於史達林的，
08:42
I read books about Stalin,
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也有關於烏茲別克人
是如何成為回教徒的。
是如何成為回教徒的。
08:44
and books about how the Uzbek people
came to identify as Muslims,
came to identify as Muslims,
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我也讀了關於
如何製造原子彈的書。
如何製造原子彈的書。
08:47
and I read books about
how to make atomic bombs,
how to make atomic bombs,
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但是這些只讓我感覺到，
我不停地在製造出障礙，
我不停地在製造出障礙，
08:50
but it just felt like I was
creating my own hurdles,
creating my own hurdles,
175
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然後只是努力要跨越它們，
08:53
and then jumping over them myself,
instead of feeling the excitement
instead of feeling the excitement
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而不是去體驗，
在社群之中學習的樂趣。
在社群之中學習的樂趣。
08:56
of being part of a community of learners,
a community of people
a community of people
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社群之中的成員，自發性地聚在一起，
就像是那些繪製地圖的人，
就像是那些繪製地圖的人，
09:00
who are engaged together
in the cartographic enterprise
in the cartographic enterprise
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希望能更加瞭解我們所處的世界，
並且畫出更好的地圖。
並且畫出更好的地圖。
09:03
of trying to better understand
and map the world around us.
and map the world around us.
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09:07
And then, in 2006, I met that guy.
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後來，在 2006 年，
我遇到了一個人，
我遇到了一個人，
他的名字是 -- 傑．法蘭克。
09:10
His name is Ze Frank.
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我並不是真的遇到他，只是在網路上，
09:11
I didn't actually meet him,
just on the Internet.
just on the Internet.
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他當時正在經營一個節目，
名叫「傑．法蘭克的個人秀」。
名叫「傑．法蘭克的個人秀」。
09:14
Ze Frank was running, at the time,
a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"
a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"
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我無意間發現了這個節目，
09:19
and I discovered the show,
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09:21
and that was my way back
into being a community learner again.
into being a community learner again.
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這使得我像以往一樣，
又加入了一個學習社群。
又加入了一個學習社群。
09:24
Here's Ze talking about Las Vegas:
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這是一段傑．法蘭克
介紹賭城拉斯維加斯的影片。
介紹賭城拉斯維加斯的影片。
09:28
(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas was built
in the middle of a huge, hot desert.
in the middle of a huge, hot desert.
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（影片）傑．法蘭克：
拉斯維加斯位於廣大的沙漠之中，
拉斯維加斯位於廣大的沙漠之中，
這裡的所有物資，
都是從外地運來的，
都是從外地運來的，
09:31
Almost everything here was brought
from somewhere else --
from somewhere else --
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不管是石頭、樹木，或是瀑布。
09:34
the sort of rocks, the trees,
the waterfalls.
the waterfalls.
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這些魚兒原本不可能會在這裡，
就像是豬不會飛一樣。
就像是豬不會飛一樣。
09:36
These fish are almost as out of place
as my pig that flew.
as my pig that flew.
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和周圍酷熱的沙漠相比，
09:39
Contrasted to the scorching desert
that surrounds this place,
that surrounds this place,
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這裡的人們友好、親切。
09:42
so are these people.
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所有事物，無論它過去是什麼樣子，
在這裡都被重新建立，
在這裡都被重新建立，
09:43
Things from all over the world have been
rebuilt here, away from their histories,
rebuilt here, away from their histories,
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而且和過去人們所熟悉的方式，
完全不一樣。
完全不一樣。
09:47
and away from the people
that experience them differently.
that experience them differently.
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當然有時候，你會看到有一些改進 --
例如給人面獅身像加上鼻子。
例如給人面獅身像加上鼻子。
09:50
Sometimes improvements were made --
even the Sphinx got a nose job.
even the Sphinx got a nose job.
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在這裡，你不會感覺到
少了什麼東西。
少了什麼東西。
09:53
Here, there's no reason to feel
like you're missing anything.
like you're missing anything.
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這就像是紐約，
帶給於我或是其他人的感覺一樣。
帶給於我或是其他人的感覺一樣。
09:56
This New York means the same to me
as it does to everyone else.
as it does to everyone else.
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所有事物都脫離了情境，
這也表示這裡能夠容納所有事物，
這也表示這裡能夠容納所有事物，
09:59
Everything is out of context, and that
means context allows for everything:
means context allows for everything:
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例如自助式停車場、
會展中心、鯊魚礁水族館。
會展中心、鯊魚礁水族館。
10:03
Self Parking, Events Center, Shark Reef.
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這些建築會出現在這裡，
可說是世界上最偉大的成就，
可說是世界上最偉大的成就，
10:04
This fabrication of place could be one
of the world's greatest achievements,
of the world's greatest achievements,
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因為這些事物原本都不在這裡，
每一個人也是。
每一個人也是。
10:08
because no one belongs here;
everyone does.
everyone does.
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今天早上，當我四處散步時，
10:10
As I walked around this morning,
I noticed most of the buildings
I noticed most of the buildings
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3024
我注意到大部分建築物表面，
都有巨大的玻璃帷幕，將陽光反射回沙漠。
都有巨大的玻璃帷幕，將陽光反射回沙漠。
10:13
were huge mirrors reflecting
the sun back into the desert.
the sun back into the desert.
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但是，不像大部分的鏡子，
能把你和周圍的景物映照出來，
能把你和周圍的景物映照出來，
10:16
But unlike most mirrors,
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這些建築物的表面，
10:17
which present you with an outside view
of yourself embedded in a place,
of yourself embedded in a place,
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3375
反射出的只是空曠的背景。
10:21
these mirrors come back empty.
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约翰．格林：「這段影片
讓我回想起過去那段日子，
讓我回想起過去那段日子，
10:22
John Green: Makes me
nostalgic for the days
nostalgic for the days
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你還可以看到當時
網路影片中粗糙的畫素呢！」
網路影片中粗糙的畫素呢！」
10:24
when you could see
the pixels in online video.
the pixels in online video.
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2182
（笑聲）
10:26
(Laughter)
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傑．法蘭克不只是一位優秀的公眾知識份子，
他還是一位社群建立的高手，
他還是一位社群建立的高手，
10:27
Ze isn't just a great public intellectual,
he's also a brilliant community builder,
he's also a brilliant community builder,
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經由這些影片，
所聚集而來的社群成員，
所聚集而來的社群成員，
10:32
and the community of people
that built up around these videos
that built up around these videos
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也成為各領域的學習者。
10:34
was in many ways a community of learners.
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所以我們和傑．法蘭克一起下棋，
然後合作擊敗他。
然後合作擊敗他。
10:36
So we played Ze Frank at chess
collaboratively, and we beat him.
collaboratively, and we beat him.
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我們一同合作，促成一位年輕人
踏上橫越美國的旅程。
踏上橫越美國的旅程。
10:40
We organized ourselves to take a young man
on a road trip across the United States.
on a road trip across the United States.
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我們也把地球變成了三明治，
10:44
We turned the Earth into a sandwich,
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在地球的一端，
有個人手裡拿了一片麵包，
有個人手裡拿了一片麵包，
10:46
by having one person hold a piece of bread
at one point on the Earth,
at one point on the Earth,
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而在地球的另一端，
10:50
and on the exact opposite
point of the Earth,
point of the Earth,
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也有另外一個人拿著一片麵包。
10:52
have another person
holding a piece of bread.
holding a piece of bread.
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10:55
I realize that these are silly ideas,
but they are also "learny" ideas,
but they are also "learny" ideas,
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我知道這些想法看起來很傻，
但是它們也是一種學習型的想法，
但是它們也是一種學習型的想法，
正是這些奇怪的想法，
讓我感到興奮。
讓我感到興奮。
11:01
and that was what was so exciting to me,
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如果你上網，你還可以在許多地方
找到類似的學習型社群。
找到類似的學習型社群。
11:03
and if you go online, you can find
communities like this all over the place.
communities like this all over the place.
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在 Tumblr 網站上，
你可以用「微積分」這個標籤
你可以用「微積分」這個標籤
11:07
Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr,
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看到許多人對於微積分的抱怨，
11:09
and yes, you will see people
complaining about calculus,
complaining about calculus,
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但是，你也會看到另一些人
在回覆這些抱怨，
在回覆這些抱怨，
11:11
but you'll also see people
re-blogging those complaints,
re-blogging those complaints,
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他們認為微積分
有趣而且美麗，
有趣而且美麗，
11:14
making the argument that calculus
is interesting and beautiful,
is interesting and beautiful,
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並且給你一個方法，
協助你思考這些問題的解答。
協助你思考這些問題的解答。
11:17
and here's a way in to thinking about
the problem that you find unsolvable.
the problem that you find unsolvable.
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你可以到 Reddit 網站，
找到各種主題分類，
找到各種主題分類，
11:21
You can go to places like Reddit,
and find sub-Reddits,
and find sub-Reddits,
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例如：「向歷史學家發問」
或是「提出科學問題」，
或是「提出科學問題」，
11:24
like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science,"
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在那裡，你可以向各領域的專家
11:27
where you can ask people
who are in these fields
who are in these fields
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提出各式各樣的問題，
11:30
a wide range of questions,
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不管是正經的問題，
或是很愚蠢的問題都可以。
或是很愚蠢的問題都可以。
11:31
from very serious ones to very silly ones.
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但是對我來說，
最有趣的學習社群，
最有趣的學習社群，
11:34
But to me, the most interesting
communities of learners
communities of learners
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而且規模正在不斷成長的，
是在 Youtube 網站上。
是在 Youtube 網站上。
11:37
that are growing up on the Internet
right now are on YouTube,
right now are on YouTube,
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我承認，這是我的偏見。
11:40
and admittedly, I am biased.
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11:41
But I think in a lot of ways,
the YouTube page resembles a classroom.
the YouTube page resembles a classroom.
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但是我認為從許多方面來看，
Youtube 是最像教室的。
Youtube 是最像教室的。
例如在 "一分鐘學物理(Minute Physics)"
這個 Youtube 的頻道中，
這個 Youtube 的頻道中，
11:46
Look for instance at "Minute Physics,"
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這裡教導大家
各種物理世界的知識：
各種物理世界的知識：
11:48
a guy who's teaching
the world about physics:
the world about physics:
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（影片）讓我們直接切入正題。
11:50
(Video) Let's cut to the chase.
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直到 2012 年 7 月 4 日為止，
希格斯玻色子仍然是
希格斯玻色子仍然是
11:52
As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson
is the last fundamental piece
is the last fundamental piece
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粒子物理學領域的「標準模型」中，
尚待實驗證實的最後一塊拼圖。
尚待實驗證實的最後一塊拼圖。
11:55
of the standard model of particle physics
to be discovered experimentally.
to be discovered experimentally.
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但你可能會問，為什麼直到 1970 年代
才被發現的希格斯玻色子，
才被發現的希格斯玻色子，
11:59
But, you might ask,
why was the Higgs boson
why was the Higgs boson
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能夠被列入「標準模型」當中，
12:01
included in the standard model,
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和其他廣為人知的粒子，
例如電子、光子和夸克
例如電子、光子和夸克
12:02
alongside well-known particles
like electrons and photons and quarks,
like electrons and photons and quarks,
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一起相提並論呢？
12:06
if it hadn't been discovered
back then in the 1970s?
back then in the 1970s?
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這是個好問題！
主要的原因有兩個：
主要的原因有兩個：
12:08
Good question. There are two main reasons.
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第一，就好比「電子」是「電子場」的激發，
12:10
First, just like the electron
is an excitation in the electron field,
is an excitation in the electron field,
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「希格斯玻色子」
12:14
the Higgs boson is simply a particle
which is an excitation
which is an excitation
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也是遍佈四處的「希格斯場」的激發。
12:16
of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.
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而希格斯場對於模型的弱核力，
12:18
The Higgs field in turn
plays an integral role
plays an integral role
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12:21
in our model for the weak nuclear force.
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扮演著不可或缺的角色。
它尤其有助於解釋，
為什麼弱核力那麼弱。
為什麼弱核力那麼弱。
12:23
In particular, the Higgs field
helps explain why it's so weak.
helps explain why it's so weak.
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我們會在之後的影片中
更仔細地講解這部分。
更仔細地講解這部分。
12:26
We'll talk more about this
in a later video,
in a later video,
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雖然弱核力理論
在 1980 年代就已經被證實，
在 1980 年代就已經被證實，
12:28
but even though weak nuclear theory was
confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,
confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,
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但是在方程式當中，
希格斯場與弱核力仍然是難以區分，
希格斯場與弱核力仍然是難以區分，
12:32
the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled
with the weak force, that until now
with the weak force, that until now
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以致於到現在，我們現在無法確認
希格斯場是確實、獨立存在的。
希格斯場是確實、獨立存在的。
12:35
we've been unable to confirm
its actual and independent existence.
its actual and independent existence.
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约翰．格林：
接下來這段影片
接下來這段影片
12:39
JG: Or here's a video that I made
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是我製作的「世界歷史速成班」其中的一部份，
主題是關於第一次世界大戰。
主題是關於第一次世界大戰。
12:40
as part of my show "Crash Course,"
talking about World War I:
talking about World War I:
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（影片）第一次世界大戰的直接起因，
是發生於 1914 年 6 月 28 日的塞拉耶佛暗殺事件，
是發生於 1914 年 6 月 28 日的塞拉耶佛暗殺事件，
12:44
(Video) The immediate cause was
of course the assassination in Sarajevo
of course the assassination in Sarajevo
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當時的奧匈帝國皇太子
弗朗茨．斐迪南大公，
弗朗茨．斐迪南大公，
12:47
of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
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12:49
on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb
nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.
nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.
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被塞爾維亞民族主義者
加夫里洛．普林西普刺殺身亡。
加夫里洛．普林西普刺殺身亡。
順帶一提，
12:54
Quick aside: It's worth noting
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二十世紀的第一場大戰，
12:55
that the first big war
of the twentieth century began
of the twentieth century began
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其實是由恐怖事件引起的。
12:58
with an act of terrorism.
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所以弗朗茨．斐迪南大公，
12:59
So Franz Ferdinand
wasn't particularly well-liked
wasn't particularly well-liked
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與他的叔叔，
法蘭茲．約瑟夫皇帝長得不一樣。
法蘭茲．約瑟夫皇帝長得不一樣。
13:01
by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph --
now that is a mustache!
now that is a mustache!
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看！他才有大鬍子！
13:05
But even so, the assassination led Austria
to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,
to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,
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儘管如此，暗殺事件使得奧地利
向塞爾維亞提出了最後通牒，
向塞爾維亞提出了最後通牒，
13:09
whereupon Serbia accepted some,
but not all, of Austria's demands,
but not all, of Austria's demands,
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然而塞爾維亞並未接受
奧地利的所有要求，
奧地利的所有要求，
13:12
leading Austria to declare
war against Serbia.
war against Serbia.
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於是奧地利決定向塞爾維亞宣戰。
由於俄國當時與塞爾維亞結盟，
因此也派出了軍隊。
因此也派出了軍隊。
13:14
And then Russia, due to its alliance
with the Serbs, mobilized its army.
with the Serbs, mobilized its army.
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而德國，因為與奧地利結盟，
於是要求俄國停止出兵，
於是要求俄國停止出兵，
13:18
Germany, because it had
an alliance with Austria,
an alliance with Austria,
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13:20
told Russia to stop mobilizing,
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13:22
which Russia failed to do, so then Germany
mobilized its own army,
mobilized its own army,
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但是被俄國拒絕了；因此，德國也出動了軍隊，
向俄國宣戰，並且與土耳其結盟，
13:25
declared war on Russia,
cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,
cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,
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後來德國又向法國宣戰，
你知道，德國與法國一向水火不容。
你知道，德國與法國一向水火不容。
13:28
and then declared war on France,
because, you know, France.
because, you know, France.
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13:32
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
13:35
And it's not just physics
and world history
and world history
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人們會透過 Youtube 網站學習的，
並不是只有物理和世界歷史，
13:37
that people are choosing
to learn through YouTube.
to learn through YouTube.
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這是一段關於「抽象數學」的影片。
13:41
Here's a video about abstract mathematics.
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假設你跟我一樣，
而且這一堂又是數學課，
而且這一堂又是數學課，
13:46
(Video) So you're me, and you're
in math class yet again,
in math class yet again,
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因為他們逼你每天都要學數學。
13:48
because they make you go every single day.
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而你正在學的是…...
我不知道，可能是「無窮級數」吧！
我不知道，可能是「無窮級數」吧！
13:50
And you're learning about, I don't know,
the sums of infinite series.
the sums of infinite series.
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這是高中數學的章節，沒錯吧？
13:54
That's a high school topic, right?
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奇怪的是，雖然這是一個很酷的主題，
但是數學老師總有辦法把它教得很無趣。
但是數學老師總有辦法把它教得很無趣。
13:55
Which is odd, because it's a cool topic,
but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.
but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.
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我想，這就是他們把無窮數列
放在教學內容的原因。
放在教學內容的原因。
13:59
So I guess that's why they allow
infinite series in the curriculum.
infinite series in the curriculum.
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現在，我能理解你需要
稍微轉移一下注意力。
稍微轉移一下注意力。
14:02
So, in a quite understandable need
for distraction, you're doodling
for distraction, you're doodling
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我知道你會一邊塗鴉，一邊想著
series (數列) 這個單字的複數形態是什麼？
series (數列) 這個單字的複數形態是什麼？
14:06
and thinking more about what
the plural of "series" should be
the plural of "series" should be
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是 "Serieses"、"seriese"、
"seriesen" 還是 "serii" 才對？
"seriesen" 還是 "serii" 才對？
14:09
than about the topic at hand: "serieses,"
"seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"
"seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"
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或者 series (數列) 這個單字的單數形態，
應該是 "serie"、"serus" 還是 "serum"？
應該是 "serie"、"serus" 還是 "serum"？
14:12
Or is it that the singular should be
changed: one "serie," or "serum,"
changed: one "serie," or "serum,"
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就像sheep (綿羊) 這個字的
單數型態應該是 "shoop"。
單數型態應該是 "shoop"。
14:16
just like the singular of "sheep"
should be "shoop."
should be "shoop."
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不過現在有一個數學概念：
14:18
But the whole concept of things
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1/2 +1/4 +1/8 +1/16 ......
一直加下去，結果會趨近於1。
一直加下去，結果會趨近於1。
14:20
like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on
approaches one, is useful if, say,
approaches one, is useful if, say,
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14:23
you want to draw a line of elephants,
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這時候如果你能畫出
「排成一列的大象」，就很有用。
「排成一列的大象」，就很有用。
14:25
each holding the tail of the next one:
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每隻大象都咬著
前面一隻大象的尾巴，
前面一隻大象的尾巴，
依序排列著：大象、小象、象寶寶、
像狗一樣大小的象、像小寵物一樣大小的象…
像狗一樣大小的象、像小寵物一樣大小的象…
14:27
normal elephant, young elephant,
baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,
baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,
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一直到象牙先生(Mr. Tusks)，甚至還能更小。
[註：網路漫畫Dinisaur Comics的角色，體型小到只出現旁白]
[註：網路漫畫Dinisaur Comics的角色，體型小到只出現旁白]
14:30
puppy-sized elephant, all the way
down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.
down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.
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14:33
Which is at least a tiny bit awesome,
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這是件有點酷的事情，
因為你能在一條直線上
畫出無限多隻大象，
畫出無限多隻大象，
14:35
because you can get an infinite number
of elephants in a line,
of elephants in a line,
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但是仍然不會超出筆記本的頁面。
14:38
and still have it fit across
a single notebook page.
a single notebook page.
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最後是德斯汀．桑德林製作的
聰明每一天 (Smarter Every Day) 頻道，
聰明每一天 (Smarter Every Day) 頻道，
14:40
JG: And lastly, here's Destin,
from "Smarter Every Day,"
from "Smarter Every Day,"
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這段影片的主題是「角動量守恆」，
14:43
talking about the conservation
of angular momentum,
of angular momentum,
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當然還是在 Youtube上，請看：
14:45
and, since it's YouTube, cats:
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（影片）嗨！我是德斯汀，
歡迎回到「聰明每一天」。
歡迎回到「聰明每一天」。
14:47
(Video) Hey, it's me, Destin.
Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."
Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."
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你可能已經觀察到，當貓咪跌落地面時，
幾乎都是用腳先著地。
幾乎都是用腳先著地。
14:50
So you've probably observed that cats
almost always land on their feet.
almost always land on their feet.
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我們今天的問題是：為什麼？
14:53
Today's question is: why?
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就像大多數簡單的問題，
其實都有非常複雜的答案。
其實都有非常複雜的答案。
14:55
Like most simple questions,
there's a very complex answer.
there's a very complex answer.
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舉例來說......
我先改寫一下這個問題：
我先改寫一下這個問題：
14:58
For instance, let me reword this question:
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一隻貓如何在落下的慣性座標系當中，
從四腳朝天變成四腳朝下，
從四腳朝天變成四腳朝下，
15:00
How does a cat go from feet-up
to feet-down in a falling reference frame,
to feet-down in a falling reference frame,
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卻不會違反角動量守恆定律？
15:05
without violating the conservation
of angular momentum?
of angular momentum?
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（笑聲 ）
15:08
(Laughter)
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约翰．格林：
所以，這四段影片有一些共同之處，
所以，這四段影片有一些共同之處，
15:09
JG: So, here's something all four
of these videos have in common:
of these videos have in common:
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15:13
They all have more than half
a million views on YouTube.
a million views on YouTube.
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它們在 Youtube 網站上
都有超過 50 萬次的點閱次數，
都有超過 50 萬次的點閱次數，
而這些觀看影片的人
都不是在教室之中，
都不是在教室之中，
15:16
And those are people watching
not in classrooms,
not in classrooms,
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但是這些人他們都可被歸類於
學習社群的一份子，
學習社群的一份子，
15:19
but because they are part
of the communities of learning
of the communities of learning
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所以他們都成為這些頻道的目標。
15:23
that are being set up by these channels.
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2015
就像我先前所提到的，
對我來說 Youtube 就像教室一樣，
對我來說 Youtube 就像教室一樣，
15:25
And I said earlier that YouTube
is like a classroom to me,
is like a classroom to me,
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就許多方面來說，的確如此，
因為影片中有教學者 --
因為影片中有教學者 --
15:28
and in many ways it is,
because here is the instructor --
because here is the instructor --
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就像是傳統的教室一樣，
前面有教學者，
前面有教學者，
15:31
it's like the old-fashioned classroom:
here's the instructor,
here's the instructor,
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坐在教學者面前的，則是一群學生，
15:34
and then beneath the instructor
are the students,
are the students,
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然後他們之互相進行對話。
15:36
and they're all having a conversation.
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我知道， Youtube 網站的留言功能，
15:38
And I know that YouTube comments
have a very bad reputation
have a very bad reputation
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在網路世界當中，一直是惡名昭彰，
15:42
in the world of the Internet,
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但是事實上，
如果你去看這幾個頻道的網友留言，
如果你去看這幾個頻道的網友留言，
15:44
but in fact, if you go on comments
for these channels,
for these channels,
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你會發現人們非常投入影片的主題，
15:47
what you'll find is people engaging
the subject matter,
the subject matter,
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他們會詢問各種
和主題有關的困難、複雜問題，
和主題有關的困難、複雜問題，
15:50
asking difficult, complicated questions
that are about the subject matter,
that are about the subject matter,
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然後有另外一些網友
會回答這些問題。
會回答這些問題。
15:54
and then other people
answering those questions.
answering those questions.
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Youtube 的留言設計方式是這樣的：
15:57
And because the YouTube page is set up so
that the page in which I'm talking to you
that the page in which I'm talking to you
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網友的留言，
以及針對這則留言的後續回覆，
以及針對這則留言的後續回覆，
16:02
is on the exact -- the place where I'm
talking to you is on the exact same page
talking to you is on the exact same page
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都會放在同一個頁面當中，
16:06
as your comments,
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16:07
you are participating in a live and real
and active way in the conversation.
and active way in the conversation.
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因此，你就像正在參與
一場即時而且真實的對話過程，
一場即時而且真實的對話過程，
由於我經常使用留言功能，
因此我會參與你的討論，
因此我會參與你的討論，
16:13
And because I'm in comments usually,
I get to participate with you.
I get to participate with you.
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而你也會注意到這一點，
不管是關於世界歷史、
不管是關於世界歷史、
16:16
And you find this
whether it's world history,
whether it's world history,
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數學、科學，或是其他主題。
16:19
or mathematics, or science,
or whatever it is.
or whatever it is.
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您還可以看到，許多年輕人正在運用
各式各樣的網路工具，
各式各樣的網路工具，
16:22
You also see young people using the tools
and the sort of genres of the Internet
and the sort of genres of the Internet
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來擴展大家的知識參與，
16:27
in order to create places
for intellectual engagement,
for intellectual engagement,
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而不再是用一些冷嘲熱諷的言詞，
16:31
instead of the ironic detachment
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16:32
that maybe most of us associate with memes
and other Internet conventions --
and other Internet conventions --
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例如大家可能會想到的一些「網路模因」或是網路用語，
[註：在網路上一夕爆紅、備受注目的現象]
[註：在網路上一夕爆紅、備受注目的現象]
例如牛頓說：「覺得有點無聊，來發明微積分好了......」
[註：網路流傳的一張 Kuso 圖片]
[註：網路流傳的一張 Kuso 圖片]
16:37
you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."
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或是甜心波波 (Honey Boo Boo) 對於工業資本主義的批判：
[註：一位6歲起主持美國實境節目的美國小女孩]
[註：一位6歲起主持美國實境節目的美國小女孩]
16:39
Or, here's Honey Boo Boo
criticizing industrial capitalism:
criticizing industrial capitalism:
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16:43
["Liberal capitalism is not at all
the Good of humanity.
the Good of humanity.
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字幕：「自由資本主義完全不符合善良的人性。
恰恰相反的，它是野蠻的宣傳工具，
消極的虛無主義。」
消極的虛無主義。」
16:46
Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle
of savage, destructive nihilism."]
of savage, destructive nihilism."]
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也許你看不懂她到底說了什麼......是的。
16:49
In case you can't see
what she says ... yeah.
what she says ... yeah.
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16:52
I really believe that these spaces,
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我真的相信這些網路環境，
這些學習社群，已成為新一代的學習者聚集之處，
16:56
these communities, have become
for a new generation of learners,
for a new generation of learners,
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就像是我在高中時期，
還有我在大學時期所參與的那種社群，
還有我在大學時期所參與的那種社群，
17:01
the kind of communities,
the kind of cartographic communities
the kind of cartographic communities
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17:05
that I had when I was in high school,
and then again when I was in college.
and then again when I was in college.
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那種與地圖繪製者一樣，
不斷向外界探索的社群。
不斷向外界探索的社群。
而當我成年之後，
發現了這些網路上的社群，
發現了這些網路上的社群，
17:10
And as an adult, re-finding
these communities
these communities
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又把我重新帶進了學習型的社群，
17:13
has re-introduced me
to a community of learners,
to a community of learners,
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並鼓勵我繼續成為一個學習者，
17:16
and has encouraged me to continue
to be a learner even in my adulthood,
to be a learner even in my adulthood,
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這讓我不再以為，
學習只是年輕人才能作的事。
學習只是年輕人才能作的事。
17:21
so that I no longer feel like learning
is something reserved for the young.
is something reserved for the young.
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數學音樂家維哈特 (Vi Hart)
和「一分鐘學物理」，
和「一分鐘學物理」，
17:26
Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me
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讓我學習到各種
我過去從未聽過的知識。
我過去從未聽過的知識。
17:28
to all kinds of things
that I didn't know before.
that I didn't know before.
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17:31
And I know that we all hearken back
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我們彷彿回到了過去，
在啟蒙運動時期的巴黎沙龍，
17:33
to the days of the Parisian salon
in the Enlightenment,
in the Enlightenment,
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或是在阿岡昆圓桌上，
談論著彼此的願望：
談論著彼此的願望：
17:36
or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish,
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「哦！我多希望我能夠成為當中的一份子！
17:38
"Oh, I wish I could have been
a part of that,
a part of that,
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17:40
I wish I could have laughed
at Dorothy Parker's jokes."
at Dorothy Parker's jokes."
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我多希望能當面聽到桃樂西．派克所說的笑話！」
[註：二十世紀初文學家、劇作家]
[註：二十世紀初文學家、劇作家]
17:43
But I'm here to tell you that these places
exist, they still exist.
exist, they still exist.
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但我在這裡要告訴你，
這些地方的確存在，而且仍然存在。
這些地方的確存在，而且仍然存在。
它們就存在網路上的許多角落，
在那些老人們不敢踏進的角落。
在那些老人們不敢踏進的角落。
17:48
They exist in corners of the Internet,
where old men fear to tread.
where old men fear to tread.
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（笑聲）
17:53
(Laughter)
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17:54
And I truly, truly believe that when
we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,
we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,
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我真的真的相信，就像人們在 1960 年代
創造了紐約州的阿格羅鎮，
創造了紐約州的阿格羅鎮，
當阿格羅鎮從虛擬變成真實，
18:01
when we made Agloe real,
we were just getting started.
we were just getting started.
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其實我們的未來才正要開始。
18:05
Thank you.
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謝謝大家。
18:06
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Green - WriterThe author of "The Fault in Our Stars" and "Paper Towns," John Green is a passionate online video maker.
Why you should listen
John Green is the author of Looking for Alaska, An Abundance of Katherines, Paper Towns, and The Fault in Our Stars. He is also the coauthor, with David Levithan, of Will Grayson, Will Grayson.
In 2007, Green and his brother Hank ceased textual communication and began to talk primarily through videoblogs posted to YouTube. The videos spawned a community of people called nerdfighters who fight for intellectualism and to decrease the overall worldwide level of suck. (Decreasing suck takes many forms: Nerdfighters have raised hundreds of thousands of dollars to fight poverty in the developing world; they also planted thousands of trees around the world in May of 2010 to celebrate Hank’s 30th birthday.) Although they have long since resumed textual communication, John and Hank continue to upload two videos a week to their YouTube channel, vlogbrothers. Their videos have been viewed more than 500 million times, and their channel is one of the most popular in the history of online video.
John Green | Speaker | TED.com