TED2017
Prumsodun Ok: The magic of Khmer classical dance
普朗蘇東奧克: 高棉古典舞蹈的魔法
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超過一千年來，柬埔寨的舞者一直都被視為是天與地之間的活橋樑。在這場優雅的舞蹈混合演說當中，藝術家普朗蘇東奧克──柬埔寨第一個全男性同志舞團的創辦人──細說高棉古典舞蹈的歷史，以及它目前的重生狀況，扮演了古老且永恆的角色：身為信差的藝術家。
Prumsodun Ok - Interdisciplinary artist
TED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance. Full bio
TED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
"Robam kbach boran,"
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「Robam kbach boran」，
00:14
or the art of Khmer classical dance,
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也就是高棉古典舞蹈藝術，
00:16
is more than 1,000 years old.
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有超過一千年的歷史。
00:19
It was developed as a prayer in movement
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它被發展出來時，是種動態的祈禱，
00:21
for rain and fertility,
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祈求下雨及豐產，
00:23
and a prosperity that this meant
for an agricultural society.
for an agricultural society.
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以及農業社會的繁榮昌盛。
00:29
Dancers who were both men and women
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舞者，不論男女，
00:31
were offered to temples
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被獻給神廟，
00:33
where they served as living bridges
between heaven and earth.
between heaven and earth.
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在神廟裡，他們是天堂
與地獄之間的活橋樑。
與地獄之間的活橋樑。
00:36
Their dancing bodies carried the prayers
of the people up to the gods,
of the people up to the gods,
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他們跳舞的身體
將人民的祈禱向上帶給神，
將人民的祈禱向上帶給神，
00:41
and the will of the deities
was delivered back through them
was delivered back through them
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而諸神的旨意會透過他們
被傳回給人民以及大地。
00:45
to the people and the land.
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00:49
There are a lot of curves in Khmer dance.
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在高棉舞蹈中有許多的曲線。
00:53
Our backs are arched,
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我們的背是弧形的，
00:55
our knees are bent,
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我們的膝蓋是彎著的，
00:57
our toes are curled,
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我們的腳趾是捲曲的，
00:59
our elbows are hyperflexed
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我們的手肘是過度屈曲的，
01:02
and our fingers are curved backwards.
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我們的手指是向後彎曲的。
01:05
All of these curves
create a serpentine impression,
create a serpentine impression,
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所有這些曲線，
創造出一種蛇行的印象，
創造出一種蛇行的印象，
01:09
and this is important because before
the introduction of major religions,
the introduction of major religions,
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這點很重要，因為在
主要的宗教出現之前，
主要的宗教出現之前，
01:14
Khmers, and people all over the world
practiced animism.
practiced animism.
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高棉人以及世界其他地方的人
信奉的是獸性主義。
信奉的是獸性主義。
01:21
Serpents were especially important
in this belief system
in this belief system
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在這個信仰系統中，
蛇是特別重要的，
蛇是特別重要的，
01:24
because in their fluid,
curvilinear movement,
curvilinear movement,
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因為牠們流暢、曲線式的移動，
01:28
they mimicked the flow of water.
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模仿水的流動。
01:31
So to invoke the serpent
in your dancing body then
in your dancing body then
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所以，喚醒你舞動身軀裡的蛇，
01:35
was to conjure the image
of rivers cutting across the earth:
of rivers cutting across the earth:
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就是召喚出河流切過地球的景象：
01:39
inspire the flow of life-giving waters.
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鼓舞生命之流來供應水。
01:45
As you can see then,
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如各位所見，
01:46
Khmer classical dance
is a transformation of nature,
is a transformation of nature,
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高棉古典舞蹈是在轉換大自然，
01:50
of both the physical world around us
and of our own internal universe.
and of our own internal universe.
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包括我們身邊的實體世界，
以及我們自己內在的宇宙。
以及我們自己內在的宇宙。
01:55
We have four primary
hand gestures that we use.
hand gestures that we use.
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我們用的手勢，主要有四種。
01:58
Can we do them together?
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我們能一起做嗎？
02:00
Yeah? OK.
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好嗎？好。
02:04
This is a tree.
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這是一棵樹。
02:07
That tree will grow,
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這棵樹會長大，
02:10
and then it will have leaves.
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接著它會長出葉子。
02:14
After it has leaves,
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在它長出葉子之後，
02:16
it'll have flowers,
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它會開花，
02:19
and after it has flowers,
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在它開花之後，
02:22
it'll have fruit.
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它會結果。
02:24
That fruit will drop
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果實會掉落，
02:27
and a new tree will grow.
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然後會長出一棵新的樹。
02:29
And in those four gestures
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在這四個手勢當中的，
02:31
is the cycle of life.
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就是生命的循環。
02:40
These four gestures are then used
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這四個手勢接著被用來
創造整個完整的語言，
創造整個完整的語言，
02:43
to create a whole entire language
with which dancers express themselves.
with which dancers express themselves.
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讓舞者能用這語言表達他們自己。
02:48
So for example,
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比如，
02:49
I can say,
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我可以說，
02:50
"I."
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「我。」
02:53
"I."
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「我。」
02:54
In dance that would be ...
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在舞蹈中就會是……
02:58
"I."
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「我。」
03:00
Or I can say ...
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或是我可以說：
03:03
"Hey you, come here, come here."
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「嘿，你，過來這裡，過來這裡。」
03:06
In dance ...
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在舞蹈中……
03:11
"Come here,"
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「過來這裡。」
03:12
or, "Go, go."
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或：「走開，走開。」
03:14
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:18
"Go."
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「走開。」
03:20
And everything from ...
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而一切，從……
03:24
love ...
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愛……
03:31
to sadness,
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到悲傷，
03:33
to --
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到……
03:34
(Stomping)
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（重踩）
03:35
anger
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憤怒，
03:37
can be expressed
through the dance as well.
through the dance as well.
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都能透過舞蹈來表現。
03:42
There's a certain magic
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有一種魔法潛藏在各種事物
03:43
in the way that things are filtered,
transformed and put together
transformed and put together
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被過濾、轉化、
組合在一起的方式當中，
組合在一起的方式當中，
03:48
to create limitless possibilities in art.
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在藝術中創造出無限的可能性。
03:51
The Khmer word for art,
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在高棉語中，藝術叫做「silapak」，
03:53
silapak,
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03:54
in fact, at its root, means "magic."
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事實上，原始的意思就是「魔法」。
03:58
The artist --
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藝術家叫做「silapakar」，
03:59
the silapakar,
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04:01
or the silapakarani, then,
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或是「silapakarani」，
04:02
is nothing short of a magician.
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就是個魔法師。
04:06
I am very proud to say
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我能很驕傲地說，
04:08
that I belong to a long line of magicians,
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我隸屬於一個悠久的魔法師家族，
04:11
from my teacher, Sophiline Cheam Shapiro,
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從我的老師，索佛琳希姆莎普羅，
04:14
to her teachers who were stars
in the royal palace,
in the royal palace,
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到她那些在皇宮中擔任
明星舞者的老師們，
明星舞者的老師們，
04:18
to the ancient dancers of Angkor
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再到吳哥窟的古老舞者，
04:21
and to the primal villagers
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再到原始村民，
04:22
from which the art form
originally took life.
originally took life.
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賦予這個藝術形式生命的原始村民。
04:27
That said,
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但是，
04:28
our cherished heritage was once
almost completely destroyed.
almost completely destroyed.
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我們珍惜的遺產
曾一度幾乎全被摧毀。
曾一度幾乎全被摧毀。
04:36
If you are wearing glasses,
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如果你戴眼鏡，
04:38
please stand up.
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請站起來。
04:44
If you speak more than one language,
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如果你會說超過一種語言，
04:47
please stand up.
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請站起來。
04:53
If you have light skin,
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如果你的膚色白皙，
04:54
please stand up.
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請站起來。
05:03
Your glasses meant
that you could afford health care.
that you could afford health care.
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你的眼鏡意味著
你負擔得起健康照護。
你負擔得起健康照護。
05:08
That second or third language you spoke
indicated your elite education.
indicated your elite education.
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會說第二或第三語言，
表示你受過菁英教育。
表示你受過菁英教育。
05:15
Your light skin meant
you didn't have to work beneath the sun.
you didn't have to work beneath the sun.
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白皙的膚色意味著
你無須在太陽底下工作。
你無須在太陽底下工作。
05:20
Under the Khmer Rouge,
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在紅色高棉統治下，
（註：柬埔寨共產黨及其追隨者）
（註：柬埔寨共產黨及其追隨者）
05:21
who took over Cambodia from 1975 to 1979,
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紅色高棉在 1975 年到
1979 年間佔領了柬埔寨，
1979 年間佔領了柬埔寨，
05:25
we would all be dead now,
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在他們統治下，我們早就都沒命了，
05:28
targeted because of our assumed privilege.
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因為我們繼承的特權而成為目標。
05:37
You see,
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你們知道，
05:38
the Khmer Rouge looked to Cambodia,
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紅色高棉看著柬埔寨時，
05:40
and they saw centuries
of rigid inequality.
of rigid inequality.
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他們看到的是數世紀來
堅固不變的不平等。
堅固不變的不平等。
05:44
The king and the few elites around him
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國王，以及他身邊的幾個菁英，
05:46
had all the pleasures
and comforts of the world
and comforts of the world
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有世界上所有的樂趣與安逸，
05:49
while the mass majority
suffered from backbreaking labor
suffered from backbreaking labor
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而多數大眾都在做非常辛勞的苦工，
05:52
and harsh poverty.
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飽受貧困之苦。
05:54
You don't need a history book
to see that this is true.
to see that this is true.
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你不需要看史書也知道這是真實的。
05:58
The Khmer word for "I,"
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高棉語中的「我（主詞）」
06:00
for "me,"
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或「我（受詞）」
06:02
is khnhom.
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是「khnhom」。
06:05
This very same word can also mean "slave"
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這個字的另一個意思就是「奴隸」，
06:08
and dancers were in fact known
as knhom preah robam,
as knhom preah robam,
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而舞者其實被稱為是
「knhom preah robam」，
「knhom preah robam」，
06:12
or "slaves of the sacred dance."
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意思是「神聖舞蹈的奴隸」。
06:17
The Khmer Rouge sought
to end slavery in Cambodia,
to end slavery in Cambodia,
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紅色高棉尋求的是
終止柬埔寨的奴隸制度，
終止柬埔寨的奴隸制度，
06:20
yet somehow they turned
everyone into slaves to do it.
everyone into slaves to do it.
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但不知怎麼的，他們卻
為此把每個人都變為了奴隸。
為此把每個人都變為了奴隸。
06:24
They became the oppression
that they sought to end.
that they sought to end.
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他們變成了他們想要終止的迫害。
06:28
They evacuated the capital
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他們撤空了首都，
06:30
and forced people into labor camps.
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強迫人民去勞改營。
06:32
They tore families apart
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他們拆散了家庭，
06:34
and brainwashed children
against their own parents.
against their own parents.
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把孩童洗腦，讓他們
對抗自己的父母。
對抗自己的父母。
06:38
Everywhere, people were dying
and being killed,
and being killed,
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不論何處都有人死亡、被殺害，
06:41
losing their lives from disease,
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他們喪命的原因包括疾病、
06:43
overwork,
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工作過度、
06:44
execution and starvation.
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處決及饑餓。
06:48
The result of this is that an entire third
of Cambodia's population was lost
of Cambodia's population was lost
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結果是不到四年，
柬埔寨就減少了三分之一的人口，
06:53
in less than four years,
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06:55
and in that number were 90 percent
of Khmer dance artists.
of Khmer dance artists.
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其中包括了 90% 的
高棉舞蹈藝術家。
高棉舞蹈藝術家。
07:00
In other words,
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換言之，
07:01
nine out of 10 visions
for the tradition and future were lost.
for the tradition and future were lost.
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就這樣失去了十分之九
對傳統及未來的憧憬和夢想。
07:07
Thankfully, however,
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然而，謝天謝地，
07:09
it was my teacher's teachers,
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我老師的老師們，
07:11
Chea Samy, Soth Sam On and Chheng Phon,
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奇兒塞米、索斯沙姆昂、和臣朋，
07:15
who would lead the revival of the art form
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她們領導著這個藝術形式，
07:17
from the ashes of war and genocide:
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從戰爭與大屠殺的灰燼中重生：
07:20
one student,
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一次一名學生，
07:22
one gesture,
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一次一個手勢，
07:23
one dance at a time.
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一次一支舞。
07:25
They wrote the love,
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他們將愛、
07:27
magic,
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魔法、
07:29
beauty,
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美、
07:30
history and philosophy of our lineage
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歷史以及哲學的血統，
07:32
into the bodies of the next generation.
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寫入了下一代的身體中。
07:37
Nearly 40 years later,
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接近四十年後，
07:39
Khmer classical dance
has been revived to new heights.
has been revived to new heights.
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高棉古典舞蹈的重生達到了新高點。
07:44
Yet somehow it still exists
in a vulnerable environment.
in a vulnerable environment.
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但它卻仍然存在於
一個脆弱的環境中。
一個脆弱的環境中。
07:48
The disastrous effects of war
still haunt Khmer people today.
still haunt Khmer people today.
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戰爭的災難性影響
至今仍纏著高棉人。
至今仍纏著高棉人。
07:52
It is written in our bodies,
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它被銘刻在我們的身體中，
07:54
manifested in a genetic passage of PTSD
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在創傷後壓力症候群的基因傳遞中，
07:58
and in families facing cyclical poverty
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以及在面對循環式貧困、
巨大文化裂口、
巨大文化裂口、
08:01
and immense cultural rifts
and language barriers.
and language barriers.
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及語言障礙的家庭中呈現出來。
08:06
Yet beauty is a most resilient thing.
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但「美」是最有恢復力的。
08:11
Beauty has this ability
to grow anywhere and everywhere
to grow anywhere and everywhere
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「美」有能力
在任何地方、所有地方、
任何時候都能成長。
任何時候都能成長。
08:14
at any time.
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08:17
Beauty is what connects people
through time and place.
through time and place.
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「美」穿過時間與空間
將人連結起來。
將人連結起來。
08:22
Beauty is a liberation from suffering.
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「美」是苦難中的解放。
08:28
As Khmer artists work to revive
our culture and country,
our culture and country,
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當高棉藝術家努力復興
我們的文化與國家時，
我們的文化與國家時，
08:32
we find that there are many paths
in which to move forward into the future.
in which to move forward into the future.
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我們發現，有很多條路
可以向未來前進。
可以向未來前進。
08:38
And in a tradition where we often
don't know the dancer's names,
don't know the dancer's names,
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在傳統中，我們通常
不知道舞者的名字，
不知道舞者的名字，
08:42
who they were,
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他們是誰，
08:43
what their lives were like,
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他們的人生是什麼樣子，
08:45
what they felt,
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他們感覺到什麼。
08:47
let me propose that we move forward
honestly and openly from "khnhom."
honestly and openly from "khnhom."
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讓我提議，我們從「khnhom」
開始誠實且開放地向前行。
開始誠實且開放地向前行。
08:53
Khnhom not as in slave,
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這裡的 khnhom 不是指奴隸，
08:55
but as in conscious service.
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而是指有意識的服務。
08:58
Khnhom:
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khnhom：
09:00
"I,"
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「我（主詞）。」
09:01
"me,"
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「我（受詞）。」
09:03
"flowering."
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「開花。」
09:06
My name is Prumsodun Ok.
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我的名字叫普朗蘇東奧克。
09:08
I am Khmer,
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我是高棉人，
09:10
and I am American.
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我是美國人。
09:12
I am the child of refugees,
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我是難民的孩子，
09:14
a creator, a healer,
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我是一名創作者、治療者、
09:16
and a builder of bridges.
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以及造橋者。
09:18
I am my teacher's first male student
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我是我老師的第一位男學生，
09:21
in a tradition understood
by many as female,
by many as female,
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許多人認為這是個女性的傳統，
09:24
and I founded Cambodia's first
gay dance company.
gay dance company.
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而我成立了柬埔寨的
第一個同志舞團。
第一個同志舞團。
09:28
I am the incarnation
of the beauty, dreams and power
of the beauty, dreams and power
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我是前人的美麗、夢想、
09:33
of those who came before me.
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及力量的化身。
09:34
The convergence
of past, present and future,
of past, present and future,
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我是過去、現在、及未來的交集，
09:38
and of individual and collective.
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我是個人，也是集體。
09:43
Let me then play
that ancient and ageless role
that ancient and ageless role
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讓我扮演那古老且永恆的角色：
09:46
of the artist as messenger,
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身為信差的藝術家，
09:48
by sharing the words of Chheng Phon
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讓我來分享臣朋的話：
09:52
"A garden with only one type of flower,
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「如果花園中只有一種花，
09:55
or flowers of only one color,
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或是只有一種顏色的花，
09:57
is no good."
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就不是好花園。」
10:00
This is a reminder that our strength,
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這是在提醒我們，我們的力量、
10:04
growth,
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成長、
10:05
survival
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生存、
10:06
and very existence,
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以及特有的存在，
10:07
lies in diversity.
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都在於多樣性。
10:10
It is, however,
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然而，它也是個關於勇氣的訊息。
10:11
a message of courage as well.
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10:15
For a flower does not ask
for anyone's permission to bloom.
for anyone's permission to bloom.
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因為一朵花並不需要
任何人的允許才能綻放。
任何人的允許才能綻放。
10:20
It was born to offer itself to the world.
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它生出來，就是要將
它自己獻給世界的。
它自己獻給世界的。
10:23
Fearless love is its nature.
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它的天性就是無懼的愛。
10:26
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:28
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Prumsodun Ok - Interdisciplinary artistTED Fellow Prumsodun Ok heals, empowers and advocates using the ancient art of Khmer classical dance.
Why you should listen
Prumsodun Ok groundbreaking performances have been described as "radical beauty" by the Bangkok Post and have been staged throughout Cambodia, Thailand, Mexico, Greece and the United States. Ok's 2013 book Moni Mekhala and Ream Eyso was reviewed in the Asian Theatre Journal as “a sampeah kru ritual of a sort: an offering to teachers living and deceased and to Moni Mekhala [the Goddess of the Ocean] herself.”
Ok has brought a diverse group of artists, activists and scholars together for Children of Refugees, a program of talks and performances raising awareness for the Syrian refugee crisis. Among many honors, Ok is a TED Senior Fellow and was named by Tea Uglow, creative director of Google Creative Lab in Sydney, an LGBT+ Creative Leader of Tomorrow for The Dots's and WeTransfer's Championing Diversity Initiative. Ok is based in Phnom Penh where he founded Prumsodun Ok & NATYARASA, Cambodia’s first gay dance company.
Prumsodun Ok | Speaker | TED.com