TED2009
David Hanson: Robots that "show emotion"
大衛•漢森 (David Hanson) ：情感豐富的機器人
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大衛•漢森的機器人有張表情豐富的臉，不管看起來或動起來都像極了人。它們認得情緒，也會回應，並且能夠展現自己的情緒。接下來，愛因斯坦機器人極富情感的表演，將讓我們一窺機器人模仿真實人類的科幻未來。
David Hanson - Robotics designer
David Hanson merges robotics and art to design life-like, social robots that can mimic human expression and emotion. Full bio
David Hanson merges robotics and art to design life-like, social robots that can mimic human expression and emotion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm Dr. David Hanson, and I build robots with character.
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我是大衛•漢森，我建造具有人格的機器人。
00:19
And by that, I mean
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而我指的是，
00:21
that I develop robots that are characters,
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我研製出的機器人具有個性，
00:23
but also robots that will eventually
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也是個最終
00:26
come to empathize with you.
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會跟你產生共鳴的機器人。
00:28
So we're starting with a variety of technologies
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所以我們從許多不同的科技開始，
00:30
that have converged into these conversational character robots
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這些科技造就了具人格並懂得對話的機器人，
00:34
that can see faces, make eye contact with you,
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它們看得到臉，也會跟你有眼神上的交流，
00:36
make a full range of facial expressions, understand speech
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還會做許多種臉部表情，也懂得對話，
00:39
and begin to model how you're feeling
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並且開始仿傚你的感覺，
00:43
and who you are, and build a relationship with you.
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了解你是誰，並與你建立關係。
00:46
I developed a series of technologies
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我發展了一系列的科技，
00:48
that allowed the robots to make more realistic facial expressions
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讓機器人做出栩栩如生的臉部表情，
00:51
than previously achieved, on lower power,
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比起先前類似的成果，使用較低的電力，
00:53
which enabled the walking biped robots, the first androids.
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這造就了第一代的人型機器人，兩隻腳的機器人。
00:57
So, it's a full range of facial expressions
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這個機器人有著相當多的臉部表情，
00:59
simulating all the major muscles in the human face,
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仿效著人類臉上的所有主要肌肉，
01:01
running on very small batteries,
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可以靠很小的電池運作，
01:03
extremely lightweight.
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極度輕薄。
01:05
The materials that allowed the battery-operated facial expressions
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讓這電池驅動的臉部表情成真的材料，
01:08
is a material that we call Frubber,
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是我們叫作 Frubber 的材料，
01:10
and it actually has three major innovations
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這材料有著三種主要創新，
01:12
in the material that allow this to happen.
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讓這項科技得以實現。
01:14
One is hierarchical pores,
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一個是階層式毛孔。
01:16
and the other is a macro-molecular nanoscale porosity in the material.
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另一個則是材料中的巨分子奈米孔徑。
01:20
There he's starting to walk.
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這是機器人開始在走路。
01:23
This is at the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
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這地點在韓國高等科學技術學院。
01:26
I built the head. They built the body.
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我做了頭部，他們則做了身體。
01:30
So the goal here is to achieve sentience in machines,
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我的目標是透過機器表達感覺，
01:33
and not just sentience, but empathy.
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不只是感覺，神情上也是。
01:37
We're working with the Machine Perception Laboratory
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我們和加州大學聖地牙哥分校 (UCSD)
01:39
at the U.C. San Diego.
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的機械感知實驗室 (MPL) 合作。
01:41
They have this really remarkable facial expression technology
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他們具有這項了不起的臉部表情科技，
01:44
that recognizes facial expressions,
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認得各種臉部表情，
01:46
what facial expressions you're making.
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你所作的各種表情。
01:48
It also recognizes where you're looking, your head orientation.
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它還分辨得出你在往哪看，還有你頭的動向。
01:51
We're emulating all the major facial expressions,
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我們模仿所有主要的臉部表情，
01:53
and then controlling it with the software
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再用「表情引擎」這個軟體
01:55
that we call the Character Engine.
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控制機器人。
01:57
And here is a little bit of the technology that's involved in that.
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這是以上這些科技的小小展示。
02:01
In fact, right now -- plug it from here, and then plug it in here,
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事實上，現在，從這邊插插頭，再從這邊插入，
02:09
and now let's see if it gets my facial expressions.
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現在我們來看看，它是否讀得到我的臉部表情。
02:12
Okay. So I'm smiling.
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OK. 所以我正在微笑。
02:17
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:19
Now I'm frowning.
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現在我在皺眉頭。
02:21
And this is really heavily backlit.
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這裡的背光相當嚴重。
02:25
Okay, here we go.
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好，可以了。
02:27
Oh, it's so sad.
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噢，它真難過。
02:29
Okay, so you smile, frowning.
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OK，當你微笑和皺眉頭時。
02:32
So his perception of your emotional states
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它對你情緒狀態的察覺是很重要的，
02:34
is very important for machines to effectively become empathetic.
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這讓機器人可以有效地仿效你的情感。
02:38
Machines are becoming devastatingly capable
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機器現在變得具有毀滅性的力量，
02:41
of things like killing. Right?
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像是殺戮，對吧？
02:45
Those machines have no place for empathy.
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那些機器沒有情感。
02:47
And there is billions of dollars being spent on that.
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人們卻耗費數十億元在那上頭。
02:49
Character robotics could plant the seed
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我們可以用情感機器人做個開端，
02:51
for robots that actually have empathy.
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使未來機器人真的能具有同理心。
02:53
So, if they achieve human level intelligence
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所以，如果它們有人類般的智慧，
02:55
or, quite possibly, greater than human levels of intelligence,
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或甚至有可能，比人類的智慧要來得高，
02:59
this could be the seeds of hope for our future.
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這有可能是我們未來希望的開端。
03:02
So, we've made 20 robots in the last eight years, during the course of getting my Ph.D.
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過去八年，在我攻讀博士期間，我們完成了二十個機器人。
03:06
And then I started Hanson Robotics,
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接著我創立了漢森機器科學公司，
03:08
which has been developing these things for mass manufacturing.
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為的是大規模生產研發這些科技。
03:12
This is one of our robots
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這是我們生產的機器人中的一個，
03:14
that we showed at Wired NextFest a couple of years ago.
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我們幾年前在連線雜誌 (Wired) 所舉辦的發明大展 (NextFest) 中展示過。
03:16
And it sees multiple people in a scene,
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它能同時辨認許多不同的人，
03:19
remembers where individual people are,
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記得每個人所在的位置，
03:21
and looks from person to person, remembering people.
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在人與人間來回注視著，並記得他們。
03:25
So, we're involving two things.
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我們談的有兩件事。
03:27
One, the perception of people,
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一個是人的知覺。
03:29
and two, the natural interface,
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另一個是自然的介面，
03:33
the natural form of the interface,
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介面原本應有的樣子，
03:35
so that it's more intuitive for you to interact with the robot.
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所以你跟機器人互動是更直觀的。
03:38
You start to believe that it's alive and aware.
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你開始相信機器人是有生命並有意識的。
03:41
So one of my favorite projects was bringing all this stuff together
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所以我最喜歡的主題之一，就是把這些結合起來，
03:44
in an artistic display of an android portrait
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用一種藝術性的展示，
03:47
of science-fiction writer Philip K. Dick,
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秀出科幻小說作家菲利普•狄克筆下的機器人，
03:49
who wrote great works like, "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?"
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他曾寫出像「機器人是否會夢見機器羊？」這樣精采的作品，
03:52
which was the basis of the movie "Bladerunner."
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電影「銀翼殺手」就是依此小說擴建而來的。
03:54
In these stories, robots often think
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在這些故事裡，機器人常常會覺得
03:57
that they're human, and they sort of come to life.
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他們是人類。而且他們總是會獲得生命。
03:59
So we put his writings, letters,
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所以我們把他的作品、信件、
04:02
his interviews, correspondences,
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他的訪問、書函，
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into a huge database of thousands of pages,
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集結成上千頁的資料庫，
04:07
and then used some natural language processing
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接著再用一些自然的語言處理，
04:09
to allow you to actually have a conversation with him.
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讓你真的可以和他對話。
04:11
And it was kind of spooky, because he would say these things
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這還真的有點嚇人。因為他會說些事，
04:13
that just sounded like they really understood you.
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就好像它們真的懂你。
04:16
And this is one of the most exciting projects that we're developing,
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這正是我們在發展最令人興奮的計畫之一，
04:19
which is a little character that's a spokesbot
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這是個小角色，一個小機器人，
04:22
for friendly artificial intelligence, friendly machine intelligence.
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目的是研發友善的人工智慧，友善的機械智慧。
04:25
And we're getting this mass-manufactured.
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我們正在大規模生產這個產品。
04:27
We specked it out to actually be doable
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我們知道這是真的做得到的，
04:30
with a very, very low-cost bill of materials,
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用一種相當低成本的材料，
04:33
so that it can become a childhood companion for kids.
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這就可以成為孩子童年的夥伴。
04:37
Interfacing with the Internet, it gets smarter over the years.
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接上網路，經過歲月，機器人會變得更聰明。
04:40
As artificial intelligence evolves, so does his intelligence.
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在人工智慧演化的同時，這機器人的智慧也會演化。
04:43
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much. That's incredible.
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克里斯•安德森：很謝謝你！真的是太了不起了！
04:45
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hanson - Robotics designerDavid Hanson merges robotics and art to design life-like, social robots that can mimic human expression and emotion.
Why you should listen
David Hanson is the founder and CEO of Hanson Robotics -- a company that aims to create robots as socially adept as any human being. Through his organization, he has seen the success of robotic facial hardware that establishes eye contact, recognizes faces and carries out natural spoken conversation. Hanson hopes these robotic faces prove useful to cognitive science and psychology, and to the entertainment industry.
A former Walt Disney Imagineer, this young entrepreneur and roboticist has been labelled a "genius" by both PC Magazine and WIRED, and has earned awards from NASA, NSF and Cooper Hewitt Design. If Hanson succeeds, he will create a socially intelligent robot that may even one day have a place in the human family.
David Hanson | Speaker | TED.com