Reed Hastings: How Netflix changed entertainment -- and where it's headed
Reed Hastings: Cómo Netflix cambió el entretenimiento, y hacia dónde se dirige
As co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
so fascinated and amazed
que me atraen y me sorprenden
I think about six years ago.
hace unos seis años, creo.
was doing really well,
un servicio de transmisión
that you were right
de que tenían razón
away from just sending people DVDs,
simplemente dejando de enviar DVD
y tasas de crecimiento positivas,
and healthy growth rates,
really, a bet-the-company decision.
para el futuro de la empresa.
and what motivated it?
y cuál fue la motivación?
cable networks from all time
de cable siempre comenzaron
their own originals.
producciones originales propias.
for quite a while.
desde hacía un tiempo.
original content back in 2005,
producciones originales en 2005,
and buying films at Sundance --
y comprábamos películas en Sundance
we published on DVD --
lanzamos "Sherrybaby" en DVD--
because we were subscale.
suficiente escala.
who runs content,
de Netflix que administra el contenido,
it was 100 million dollars,
that he picked right upfront.
desafío que decidió asumir.
of the revenue of the company
del ingreso de la empresa
that that was actually worth doing?
en que realmente valía la pena?
devastating for the company.
para la compañía.
I mean, that's the whole tension of it.
Hubo mucha tensión.
I can't say that.
producing new content.
de producir contenido nuevo.
if I understand right,
que despertarán interés"...
these episodes and build excitement" --
hadn't really been tested.
no se había probado.
we had grown up shipping DVDs.
crecimos entregando DVD.
box sets, on DVD.
watching some of the great HBO content
producciones de HBO
next episode, next episode.
to make us think,
especially serialized,
especialmente series,
all the episodes at once.
los episodios a la vez.
that linear TV can't do.
no puede hacer.
made it really positive.
pretty much straight away,
algunos cálculos surgió
"House of Cards," say,
digamos, "House of Cards",
someone else's licensed content?
contenido de terceros?
we don't have to track it at that level.
no tenemos que rastrear hasta ese nivel.
making the brand stronger,
que la marca sea más fuerte,
would talk about it
great show, AMC show --
serie de AMC que transmitimos,
all these other remarkable series,
"Orange is the New Black," "The Crown,"
is the New Black", "The Crown",
to make in new content
para crear contenido nuevo
around the world.
en todo el mundo.
on other networks.
en otros canales.
camino por recorrer.
content commissioner at this point?
competidor en este momento, ¿no?
they're even bigger.
crecerán aún más.
se extienden a nivel mundial
and others in the media business,
y otros del negocio de los medios,
really revolutionized the business.
y revolucionado el sistema.
con la marca Blockbuster",
was as big as Disney.
se hubieran convertido en Disney.
have happened, and yet it did.
ocurrido y, sin embargo, sucedió.
it moves fast, you know?
que va rápido, ¿entiendes?
unusual about Netflix's culture
en la cultura de Netflix
bold -- I won't say "reckless" --
tan audaces, no diría imprudentes,
y es que nacimos en DVD,
which is we were born on DVD,
was going to be temporary.
mailing discs for 100 years.
100 años enviando discos.
about what's coming next,
de lo que vendrá después,
about what's coming next.
es realmente preocupante.
and responsibility.
y responsabilidad.
as possible in a quarter.
de decisiones posible por trimestre.
and better at that.
I can go a whole quarter
todo un trimestre
surprising things about your people.
sorprendentes sobre tu gente.
compared to your peers',
en comparación con sus colegas,
con trabajos equivalentes.
for equivalent jobs.
the Netflix culture deck,
sobre la cultura de Netflix,
admonitions to your employees.
sorprendentes para tus empleados.
we were very process obsessed.
nos obsesionaban los procesos.
didn't happen again --
de que ese error no se repitiera...
to dummy-proof the system.
de hacerlo a prueba de tontos.
only dummies wanted to work there.
querían trabajar allí.
in that case, it was C++ to Java.
pasó de C++ a Java.
by our largest competitor.
competidor más grande.
on how to run with no process
en administrar sin procesos,
all these mechanisms,
compartir información
at how much information --
de la mucha información--
you know how they compartmentalize?
donde compartimentan.
everybody gets all the information.
comparten toda la información.
a sense of responsibility in people
de responsabilidad en las personas
that are made all the time,
que se toman todo el tiempo,
which is great.
lo cual es genial.
and read them on the internet.
y las lees en Internet.
their own vacation time, and ...
su propio tiempo de vacaciones, y...
symbolic one, vacation,
son muy simbólicas
do that, anyway.
de la gente lo hace de todos modos.
of that freedom.
as a fundamental value.
como valor fundamental.
to speak the truth.
que la gente diga la verdad.
silently is disloyal."
en silencio es desleal".
go through without saying your piece,
una decisión sin decir tu parte,
on trying to get to good decisions
de tomar buenas decisiones
like yelling at each other --
de no gritarnos unos a otros,
drawing people out.
lo que hace hablar a la gente.
secret weapon at Netflix, it seems,
otra arma secreta en Netflix,
a certain amount about this week.
bastante esta semana.
really surprising stances
realmente sorprendentes
inteligentes en Netflix.
algorithms at Netflix.
your algorithm to the world
tu algoritmo al mundo
mejor que esta recomendación nuestra?
than this recommendation we've got?
un millón de dólares".
un millón de dólares,
better than yours.
Would you do that again?
¿Lo harías de nuevo?
at the time; this was about 2007.
en ese momento; esto fue en 2007.
muy especializada.
a lucky break of good timing,
de suerte en el momento oportuno,
on the algorithms,
to the right people
a las personas adecuadas
and easy to explore.
y fácil de explorar.
like a really interesting shift,
realmente interesante,
"Here are 10 movies. What do you think?
"Aquí hay 10 películas. ¿Qué opinas?
are your best movies?"
with recommendations for what was coming.
con recomendaciones para lo que venía.
a la "Lista de Schindler"
"Schindler's List" five stars,
en "La doble vida".
"The Do-Over" three stars.
at what they watched,
and we're metacognitive about quality,
en términos metacognitivos,
da mejor resultado
to please people
that they make,
by how much they enjoy simple pleasures.
disfrutan los placeres simples.
for a couple of minutes about this,
un par de minutos sobre esto,
not just for Netflix,
importante, no solo para Netflix,
los valores aspiracionales
attention to what people said,
gran atención a lo que decía la gente,
and then found the stuff that,
y luego descubría cosas como:
a show about making horrible recipes,
un programa de recetas horribles
have even thought of that.
se me habría ocurrido algo así.
approach is taken too far?
enfoque de los valores revelados?
from making people happy,
hacer feliz a la gente.
and watch a show like "Nailed It!"
y mirar un programa como "Nailed It!"
to watch very intensive film.
películas de contenido profundo.
20 million hours of viewing on "Mudbound,"
de visualización con "Mudbound",
than it would have been in the theaters
de lo que habría sido en los cines
but we have lots of broccoli.
pero también mucho brócoli.
you get to a healthy diet.
se logra una dieta saludable.
tend to point you away from the broccoli
tiendan a alejarnos del brócoli
on YouTube, somehow algorithms
en YouTube, los algoritmos
more radical or specific content.
más radical o específico.
that Netflix algorithms,
que los algoritmos de Netflix,
would gradually --
gradualmente...
violent pornography or something.
pornografía violenta o cosas así.
I don't even think about these things.
pienso en esas cosas.
puede confiar solo en los algoritmos.
that you can't just rely on algorithms.
like Facebook and YouTube,
films and series that we acquire?
películas y series que adquirimos?
the algorithm is a tool.
el algoritmo es una herramienta.
about measuring what matters.
hablar de medir lo que importa.
the more time they spend watching Netflix,
por el tiempo que pasan viendo Netflix,
volver a suscribirse?
of "Nailed It!" or whatever?
de "Nailed It!" o lo que sea,
they just think,
that was extraordinary,
visto con mi familia"?
that with my family."
of the business model
but more awesome content,
pero a la vez más asombroso,
ese contenido edificante.
that uplifting content.
when people talk about Netflix,
la gente habla de Netflix,
desproporcionado y positivo,
and positive impact,
suscripciones del que hablaste,
that you talked about
every night, as much as you like it;
las noches, por mucho que nos guste;
violent pornography kind of examples.
hacia la pornografía violenta, por ejemplo.
across a whole range --
masivamente a otros géneros,
we're filming season five now.
rodando la quinta temporada.
when it was only in the BBC.
cuando solo estaba en la BBC.
mucho más grandes.
volvernos adictos
humans can get addicted
not to think about it in addiction terms,
de no pensar en términos de adicción,
with your time and when you want to relax?
y cuándo quieres relajarte?
video games, you can do YouTube,
videojuegos, puedes ver YouTube,
and we have a variety of moods,
y tenemos variedad de estados de ánimo,
in the organization
en la organización
at the actual impacts
that you've created.
que has creado.
is the direction we want to go?"
la dirección que queremos seguir?"
"Look, there's no perfect tool."
"No hay una herramienta perfecta".
the way we commission the content,
la forma de encargar el contenido,
that we have to look at it.
"Let's just increase viewing"
en "aumentemos la visualización"
and be the great company you want to be.
y seamos la gran empresa que queremos ser.
multiple measures of success.
múltiples mediciones de éxito.
that have raised questions:
que han planteado dudas:
you've done some mentoring for him.
has hecho algunas mentorías para él.
that people don't know?
Mark Zuckerberg que la gente no sabe?
lo conocen o lo han visto.
or have seen him.
whether that's YouTube or Facebook,
ya sea YouTube o Facebook,
de crecer rápidamente.
las nuevas tecnologías.
about printed DNA,
or could be horrific.
o podría ser terrible.
en la década de 1960 en EE.UU.,
in the 1960s in the US,
the minds of everybody.
la mente de todos,
or, I think of it as --
--o yo lo pienso así--
tienen pros y contras.
we're just figuring that out.
is it for the board of Facebook
el directorio de Facebook
algunos de los problemas?
unfairly criticized?
on fixing Facebook.
at another passion of yours.
with Netflix, you're a billionaire,
con Netflix, eres multimillonario,
and indeed, money, on education.
inviertes mucho dinero, en educación.
y qué estás haciendo al respecto?
and what are you doing about it?
profesor de matemáticas de secundaria.
I was a high school math teacher.
and became a philanthropist,
me convertí en filántropo,
con otros grandes educadores
with other great educators
unique environments for kids.
únicos para niños.
variety in the system
variedad en el sistema
centradas en los educadores.
educator-centric organizations.
right now in the US,
ahora mismo en EE.UU.,
by a local school board.
administradas por una junta escolar local.
in the community,
las necesidades de la comunidad,
is a lot more variety.
mucha más variedad.
of public school
administrada sin fines de lucro.
that are run by nonprofits.
run by nonprofits,
por organizaciones sin fines de lucro,
they support the educators well.
que apoyen bien a los educadores.
escuelas autónomas de KIPP,
getting very stimulating education.
una educación muy estimulante.
a school should look like.
kids, there's all different needs
hay necesidades diferentes
and what you think they need.
and curious and stimulating
y ser curiosas y estimulantes
of 30 kids in fifth grade,
at the same time,
al mismo tiempo,
an industrial throwback.
the current government structure,
la estructura actual del gobierno,
schools are doing is pushing the bounds,
de lucro están empujando los límites,
probar cosas nuevas.
the governance reform,
that charter schools,
que las escuelas autónomas,
from the public school system.
de escuelas públicas.
of public schools.
de escuelas públicas.
se meten en problemas,
get in trouble,
to a private school
a una escuela privada
don't have those choices.
generalmente no tienen opción.
low-income kids, free and reduced lunch.
recursos, almuerzo gratis o reducido.
for KIPP is fantastic.
para KIPP son fenomenales.
de donación hace unos años,
the Giving Pledge a few years ago,
more than half of your fortune
más de la mitad de tu fortuna
you've invested in education
has invertido en educación
I don't know exactly how many hundreds,
no sé exactamente cuántos cientos,
I tried to do politics full-time,
intenté hacer política a tiempo completo,
I just didn't thrive on politics.
simplemente la política no era lo mío.
me encanta competir.
increase Netflix's value,
realmente el valor de Netflix,
more checks to schools.
más cheques para las escuelas.
you've changed all of our lives
has cambiado todas nuestras vidas
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Reed Hastings - Entrepreneur, philanthropistAs co-founder and CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings is revolutionizing the world of entertainment.
Why you should listen
Reed Hastings co-founded Netflix in 1997. Today the company develops, licenses and delivers entertainment across a wide variety of genres and languages to hundreds of millions of people in 190 countries. In 1991, he founded Pure Software, which made tools for software developers. After a 1995 IPO and several acquisitions, Pure was acquired by Rational Software in 1997.
Hastings is an active educational philanthropist and served on the California State Board of Education from 2000 to 2004. He is on the board of several educational organizations including DreamBox Learning, KIPP and Pahara. He's also a board member of Facebook and was on the board of Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. He received a BA from Bowdoin College in 1983 and an MSCS in artificial intelligence from Stanford University in 1988. Between Bowdoin and Stanford, he served in the Peace Corps as a high school math teacher in Swaziland.
Reed Hastings | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com